Free revision notes, summary sheets, definitions, and mind maps from PMT — organized by exam board and topic.
A-level — AQA
Inorganic I
- 2.1. Periodicity
- 2.1. Periodicity
- 2.1. Periodicity
- 2.2. Group 2 Trends, Reactions and Properties
- 2.2. Group 2, the Alkaline Earth Metals
- 2.3. Group 7 Halogens, Halide Ions and Uses
- 2.3. Group 7 the Halogens
- 2.3. Group 7(17) the Halogens
- Definitions Inorganic Chemistry I AQA Chemistry A level
Inorganic II
- 2.4. Period 3 Elements
- 2.4. Properties of Period 3 Elements and Their Oxides
- 2.5. Transition Metals
- 2.5. Transition Metals
- 2.5. Transition Metals Oxidation, Coloured Ions, Colorimetry, Ligands, Coordination Number, Isomerism in Complexes and Catalysis
- 2.6. Reaction of Metal Aqua Ions
- 2.6. Reactions of Ions in Aqueous Solution
- 2.6. Reactions of Transition Metal Ions Cobalt, Copper, Iron, Manganese, Chromium, Silver and Vanadium
- Definitions Inorganic Chemistry II AQA Chemistry A level
Organic I
- 3.1. Definitions, Functional Groups, Nomenclature, Formulae and Yield
- 3.1. Hybridisation in Carbon and Bond Formation
- 3.1. Introduction to Organic Chemistry
- 3.1. Introduction to Organic Chemistry
- 3.2. Alkanes
- 3.2. Alkanes
- 3.2. Alkanes, Pollution, Cracking and Petrochemical Industry
- 3.3. Halogenoalkanes
- 3.3. Halogenoalkanes
- 3.3. Halogenoalkanes, Nucleophilic Substitution, Elimination Reactions, Uses and CFC Problems
- 3.4. Alkenes
- 3.4. Alkenes
- 3.4. Alkenes Isomerism, Electrophilic Addition, Polymerisation and Polymers
- 3.5. Alcohols
- 3.5. Alcohols
- 3.5. Alcohols, Oxidation, IR Spec, Biofuels and Industrial Preparation of Ethanol
- 3.6. IR Spectroscopy and Global Warming
- 3.6. Identifying Ions Isotopes and Mass Spec
- 3.6. Mass Spectrometry
- 3.6. Organic Analysis
- 3.6. Organic Analysis
- Definitions Organic Chemistry I AQA Chemistry A level
Organic II
- 3.07. Isomerism Structural, E_Z, Optical and Stereoisomers
- 3.07. Optical Isomerism
- 3.07. Optical Isomers
- 3.08. Aldehydes and Ketones
- 3.08. Aldehydes and Ketones
- 3.08. Aldehydes and Ketones Properties, Reactions, Identification and 2,4 DNP
- 3.09. Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
- 3.09. Carboxylic Acids and Esters
- 3.09. Carboxylic Acids, Esters and Derivatives
- 3.09. Friedel Crafts Reactions Alkylation and Acylation
- 3.10. Aromatic Chemistry
- 3.10. Aromatic Chemistry
- 3.10. Benzene Structure, Reactions and Substitution
- 3.11. Amines
- 3.11. Amines
- 3.11. Amines, Amino Acids, Amides and Peptides
- 3.12. Condensation Polymerisation
- 3.12. Polymerisation
- 3.12. Polymers, Polyesters, Polyamides and Peptides
- 3.13. Amines, Amino Acids, Amides and Peptides
- 3.13. Amino Acids, Proteins and DNA
- 3.13. Amino Acids, Proteins and DNA
- 3.14. Organic Synthesis
- 3.14. Organic Synthesis
- 3.14. Organic Synthesis Extending Carbon Chains, Friedel Crafts Reactions and Chiral Synthesis
- 3.15. NMR Spectroscopy
- 3.15. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- 3.15. Nuclear magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- 3.16. Chromatography
- 3.16. Chromatography
- 3.16. Chromatography and GCMS
- Definitions Organic Chemistry II AQA Chemistry A level
Physical II
- 1.08. Free Energy and Entropy
- 1.08. Gibbs Free Energy
- 1.08. Lattice Enthalpy, Ionisation Energy, Born Haber Cycles, Hydration Enthalpy
- 1.08. Thermodynamics
- 1.08. Thermodynamics
- 1.09. Rate Equations
- 1.09. Rate Equations
- 1.09. Rates
- 1.09. Rates of Reaction Rate Equation, Order, Rate Constant (k), Arrhenius Equation and Rate Determining Step
- 1.10. Equilibrium Constant Kp for Homogeneous Systems
- 1.10. Equilibrium Constants Kc, Kp
- 1.10. Kp
- 1.10. The Equilibrium Constant
- 1.11. Electrode Potentials Redox, Half Cells, Electrochemical Series
- 1.11. Electrode Potentials and Cells
- 1.11. Electrode Potentials and Electrochemical Cells
- 1.12. Acids and Bases
- 1.12. Acids and Bases
- 1.12. Acids and Bases Buffer Solutions and Uses
- 1.12. Acids and Bases Strength, pH Curves, Indicators
- 1.12. Acids and Bases 1
- 1.12. Acids and Bases 2
- 1.12. Acids, Bases and Salts
- 1.12. Buffers 1
- 1.12. Buffers 2
- Definitions Physical Chemistry II AQA Chemistry A level
Practical Skills
- Essential Measurements
- RP 01 Making up a standard solution and carrying out an acid base titration
- RP 02 Measuring enthalpy change
- RP 03 Effect of temperature on rate of a reaction
- RP 04 Identification of cations and anions
- RP 05 Distillation of a reaction product
- RP 06 Organic tests
- RP 07 Measuring rate of a reaction
- RP 08 Measuring EMF of an electrochemical cell
- RP 09 Investigating pH changes
- RP 10 Preparation of organic solids and liquids
- RP 11 Identifying transition metal ions
- RP 12 Thin layer chromatography (TLC)
- Uncertainties
A-level — CIE
A2 Analysis
A2 Inorganic Chemistry
- 10. Group 2
- 10. Group 2 Trends, Reactions and Properties
- 12. An Introduction to the Chemistry of Transition Elements
- 12. Reactions of Transition Metal Ions Cobalt, Copper, Iron, Manganese, Chromium, Silver and Vanadium
A2 Organic Chemistry
- 14. Amines, Amino Acids, Amides and Peptides
- 14. An introduction to Organic Chemistry
- 14. Benzene Structure, Reactions and Substitution
- 14. Friedel Crafts Reactions Alkylation and Acylation
- 14. Isomerism Structural, E_Z, Optical and Stereoisomers
- 15. Benzene Structure, Reactions and Substitution
- 15. Friedel Crafts Reactions Alkylation and Acylation
- 15. Hydrocarbons
- 17. Hydroxy Compounds
- 17. Phenol Structure, Preparation, Uses and Reactions
- 19. Aldehydes and Ketones Properties, Reactions, Identification and 2,4 DNP
- 19. Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
- 19. Carboxylic Acids, Esters and Derivatives
- 19. Friedel Crafts Reactions Alkylation and Acylation
- 20. Amines, Amino Acids, Amides and Peptides
- 20. Nitrogen Compounds
- 21. Polymerisarion
- 21. Polymers, Polyesters, Polyamides and Peptides
- 23. Organic Synthesis
- 23. Organic Synthesis Extending Carbon Chains, Friedel Crafts Reactions and Chiral Synthesis and
A2 Physical Chemistry
- 2. Atomic Structure
- 2. Lattice Enthalpy, Ionisation Energy, Born Haber Cycles, Hydration Enthalpy
- 5. Chemical Energetics
- 5. Free Energy and Entropy
- 5. Lattice Enthalpy, Ionisation Energy, Born Haber Cycles, Hydration Enthalpy
- 6. Electrochemistry
- 6. Electrode Potentials Redox, Half Cells, Electrochemical Series
- 7. Acids and Bases Buffer Solutions and Uses
- 7. Acids and Bases Strength, pH Curves, Indicators
- 7. Equilibria
- 7. Equilibrium Constants Kc, Kp
- 8. Chemical Equilibrium and Industrial Applications
- 8. Rates of Reaction Rate Equation, Order, Rate Constant (k), Arrhenius Equation and Rate Determining Step
- 8. Reaction Kinetics
AS Analysis
AS Inorganic Chemistry
- 09. Acids, Bases and Salts
- 09. Periodicity
- 09. The Periodic Table
- 10. Group 2
- 10. Group 2 Trends, Reactions and Properties
- 11. Group 17
- 11. Group 7 Halogens, Halide Ions and Uses
- 13. Nitrogen and Sulfur
- 13. Shapes of Molecules and Ions
AS Organic Chemistry
- 14. An introduction to Organic Chemistry
- 14. Definitions, Functional Groups, Nomenclature, Formulae and Yield
- 14. Hybridisation in Carbon and Bond Formation
- 14. Shapes of Molecules and Ions
- 15. Alkanes, Pollution, Cracking and Petrochemical Industry
- 15. Alkenes Isomerism, Electrophilic Addition, Polymerisation and Polymers
- 15. Hydrocarbons
- 16. Halogen Derivatives
- 16. Halogenoalkanes, Nucleophilic Substitution, Elimination Reactions, Uses and CFC Problems
- 17. Alcohols, Oxidation, IR Spec, Biofuels and Industrial Preparation of Ethanol
- 17. Hydroxy Compounds
- 18. Aldehydes and Ketones Properties, Reactions, Identification and 2,4 DNP
- 18. Carbonyl Compounds
- 19. Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
- 19. Carboxylic Acids, Esters and Derivatives
AS Physical Chemistry
- 1. Atoms, Molecules and Stoichiometry
- 1. Formulae and Equations
- 1. Identifying Ions Isotopes and Mass Spec
- 1. Measurements and Errors
- 1. Moles, Mass, Reactions and Formulae
- 1. Techniques of Volumetric Analysis
- 2. Atomic Structure
- 2. Atomic Structure Isotopes and Mass Spec
- 2. Electron Configurations Orbitals, Energy Levels and Ionisation Energy Trends
- 3. Atomic Structure Ionic, Covalent and Metallic Bonding, Lattices, Charge and Electronegativity
- 3. Chemical Bonding
- 3. Hybridisation in Carbon and Bond Formation
- 4. Atomic Structure Ionic, Covalent and Metallic Bonding, Lattices, Charge and Electronegativity
- 4. States of Matter
- 5. Chemical Energetics
- 5. Enthalpy, Hess Cycles and Calorimetry
- 6. Electrochemistry
- 6. Oxidation Numbers, Redox and Half Equations
- 7. Chemical Equilibrium and Industrial Applications
- 7. Equilibria
- 8. Rates of Reaction, Collision Theory and Catalysts
- 8. Reaction Kinetics
Practical Skills
- Enthalpy Change & Measuring Temperature
- Evaporation & Crystallisation
- Gases Evolved
- Ion Identification
- Organic Analysis Practicals
- Organic Synthesis Practicals
- Paper 3 Analysis, Conclusions and Evaluation
- Paper 3 Manipulation, Measurement and Observation
- Paper 3 Presentation of Data and Observations
- Paper 5 Analysis, Conclusions and Evaluation
- Paper 5 Planning
- Rate of Reaction
- Titrations
A-level — Edexcel
01 Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
- Atomic Structure Isotopes and Mass Spec
- Definitions Topic 1 Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table Edexcel Chemistry A level
- Detailed Notes Topic 1 Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table Edexcel Chemistry A level
- Electron Configurations Orbitals, Energy Levels and Ionisation Energy Trends
- Periodicity
02 Bonding and Structure
- Alkanes, Pollution, Cracking and Petrochemical Industry
- Atomic Structure Ionic, Covalent and Metallic Bonding, Lattices, Charge and Electronegativity
- Definitions Topic 2 Bonding and Structure Edexcel Chemistry A level
- Detailed Notes Topic 2 Bonding and Structure Edexcel Chemistry A level
- Shapes of Molecules and Ions
03 Redox I
- Definitions Topic 3 Redox I Edexcel Chemistry A level
- Detailed Notes Topic 3 Redox I Edexcel Chemistry A level
- Oxidation Numbers, Redox and Half Equations
04 Inorganic Chemistry and the Periodic Table
- Definitions Topic 4 Inorganic Chemistry and the Periodic Table Edexcel Chemistry A level
- Detailed Notes Topic 4 Inorganic Chemistry and the Periodic Table Edexcel Chemistry A level
- Group 2 Trends, Reactions and Properties
- Group 7 Halogens, Halide Ions and Uses
05 Formulae Equations and Amounts of Substance
- Definitions Topic 5 Formulae, Equations and Amounts of Substance Edexcel Chemistry A level
- Detailed Notes Topic 5 Formulae, Equations and Amounts of Substance Edexcel Chemistry A level
- Formulae and Equations
- Measurements and Errors
- Moles, Mass, Reactions and Formulae
- Techniques of Volumetric Analysis
06 Organic Chemistry I
- Alcohols, Oxidation, IR Spec, Biofuels and Industrial Preparation of Ethanol
- Alkanes, Pollution, Cracking and Petrochemical Industry
- Alkenes Isomerism, Electrophilic Addition, Polymerisation and Polymers
- Definitions Topic 6 Organic Chemistry I Edexcel Chemistry A level
- Definitions, Functional Groups, Nomenclature, Formulae and Yield
- Detailed Notes Topic 6 Organic Chemistry I Edexcel Chemistry A level
- Halogenoalkanes, Nucleophilic Substitution, Elimination Reactions, Uses and CFC Problems
- Hybridisation in Carbon and Bond Formation
- Isomerism Structural, E_Z, Optical and Stereoisomers
07 Modern Analytical Techniques I
- Alcohols, Oxidation, IR Spec, Biofuels and Industrial Preparation of Ethanol
- Definitions Topic 7 Modern Analytical Techniques I Edexcel Chemistry A level
- Detailed Notes Topic 7 Modern Analytical Techniques I Edexcel Chemistry A level
- IR Spectroscopy and Global Warming
- Identifying Ions Isotopes and Mass Spec
- Mass Spectrometry
08 Energetics I
- Definitions Topic 8 Energetics I Edexcel Chemistry A level
- Detailed Notes Topic 8 Energetics I Edexcel Chemistry A level
- Enthalpy, Hess Cycles and Calorimetry
09 Kinetics I
- Definitions Topic 9 Kinetics I Edexcel Chemistry A level
- Detailed Notes Topic 9 Kinetics I Edexcel Chemistry A level
- Rates of Reaction, Collision Theory and Catalysts
10 Equilibrium I
- Chemical Equilibrium and Industrial Applications
- Definitions Topic 10 Equilibrium I Edexcel Chemistry A level
- Detailed Notes Topic 10 Equilibrium I Edexcel Chemistry A level
11 Equilibrium II
- Definitions Topic 11 Equilibrium II Edexcel Chemistry A level
- Detailed Notes Topic 11 Equilibrium II Edexcel Chemistry A level
- Equilibrium Constants Kc, Kp
12 Acid Base Equilibria
- Acids and Bases Buffer Solutions and Uses
- Acids and Bases Strength, pH Curves, Indicators
- Acids, Bases and Salts
- Definitions Topic 12 Acid Base Equilibria Edexcel Chemistry A level
- Detailed Notes Topic 12 Acid Base Equilibria Edexcel Chemistry A level
13 Energetics II
- Definitions Topic 13 Energetics II Edexcel Chemistry A level
- Detailed Notes Topic 13 Energetics II Edexcel Chemistry A level
- Free Energy and Entropy
- Lattice Enthalpy, Ionisation Energy, Born Haber Cycles, Hydration Enthalpy
14 Redox II
- Definitions Topic 14 Redox II Edexcel Chemistry A level
- Detailed Notes Topic 14 Redox II Edexcel Chemistry A level
- Electrode Potentials Redox, Half Cells, Electrochemical Series
15 Transition Metals
- Definitions Topic 15 Transition Metals Edexcel Chemistry A level
- Detailed Notes Topic 15 Transition Metals Edexcel Chemistry A level
- Reactions of Transition Metal Ions Cobalt, Copper, Iron, Manganese, Chromium, Silver and Vanadium
- Transition Metals Oxidation, Coloured Ions, Colorimetry, Ligands, Coordination Number, Isomerism in Complexes and Catalysis
16 Kinetics II
- Definitions Topic 16 Kinetics II Edexcel Chemistry A level
- Detailed Notes Topic 16 Kinetics II Edexcel Chemistry A level
- Rates of Reaction Rate Equation, Order, Rate Constant (k), Arrhenius Equation and Rate Determining Step
17 Organic Chemistry II
- Aldehydes and Ketones Properties, Reactions, Identification and 2,4 DNP
- Carboxylic Acids, Esters and Derivatives
- Definitions Topic 17 Organic Chemistry II Edexcel Chemistry A level
- Detailed Notes Topic 17 Organic Chemistry II Edexcel Chemistry A level
- Isomerism Structural, E_Z, Optical and Stereoisomers
- Polymers, Polyesters, Polyamides and Peptides
18 Organic Chemistry III
- Amines, Amino Acids, Amides and Peptides
- Benzene Structure, Reactions and Substitution
- Definitions Topic 18 Organic Chemistry III Edexcel Chemistry A level
- Detailed Notes Topic 18 Organic Chemistry III Edexcel Chemistry A level
- Friedel Crafts Reactions Alkylation and Acylation
- Organic Synthesis Extending Carbon Chains, Friedel Crafts Reactions and Chiral Synthesis and
- Phenol Structure, Preparation, Uses and Reactions
19 Modern Analytical Techniques II
- Chromatography and GCMS
- Definitions Topic 19 Modern Analytical Techniques II Edexcel Chemistry A level
- Detailed Notes Topic 19 Modern Analytical Techniques II Edexcel Chemistry A level
- NMR Spectroscopy
Practical Skills
- CP 01 Finding molar volume of a gas
- CP 02 Preparation of a standard solution and titration
- CP 03 Titration
- CP 04 Rate of hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes
- CP 05 Oxidation of ethanol
- CP 06 Chlorination
- CP 07 & CP 15 Analysis of unknown compounds
- CP 08 Enthalpy change using Hess’s law
- CP 09 Finding Ka
- CP 10 Electrochemical cells
- CP 11 Redox Titration
- CP 12 Transition metal complex preparation
- CP 13 Iodine reactions
- CP 14 Activation energy
- CP 16 Synthesis of aspirin
GCSE — AQA
10 Using Resources
- 10.1. Using the Earth’s Resources and Obtaining Potable Water
- 10.1. Using the Earth’s resources and obtaining potable water
- 10.2. Life Cycle Assessment and Recycling
- 10.2. Life cycle assessment and recycling
- 10.3. Using Materials (chemistry only)
- 10.3. Using materials (chemistry only)
- 10.4. The Haber Process and the Use of NPK Fertilisers (chemistry only)
- 10.4. The Haber process and the use of NPK fertilisers (chemistry only)
- Definitions Topic 10 Using Resources AQA Chemistry GCSE
2 Bonding Structure and the Properties of Matter
- 2.1 Chemical bonds and types of bonding
- 2.1. Chemical Bonds Ionic, Covalent and Metallic
- 2.2. How Bonding and Structure are Related to the Properties of Substances
- 2.2. How bonding and structure are related to the properties of substances
- 2.3. Structure and Bonding of Carbon
- 2.3. Structure and bonding of carbon
- 2.4. Bulk and Surface Properties of Matter Including Nanoparticles (chemistry only)
- 2.4. Bulk and surface properties of matter including nanoparticles (chemistry only)
- Definitions Topic 2 Bonding, Structure, and the Properties of Matter AQA Chemistry GCSE
3 Quantitative Chemistry
- 3.1. Chemical Measurements
- 3.1. Chemical measurements
- 3.2. Use of Amount of Substance in Relation to Masses of Pure Substances
- 3.2. Use of amount of substance in relation to masses of pure substances
- 3.3. Yield and Atom Economy of Chemical Reactions (chemistry only)
- 3.3. Yield and atom economy of chemical reactions (chemistry only)
- 3.4. Using Concentrations of Solutions in Mol Dm3 (chemistry only)
- 3.4. Using concentrations of solutions in mol dm3 (chemistry only)
- 3.5. Use of Amount of Substance in Relation to Volumes of Gases (chemistry only)
- 3.5. Use of amount of substance in relation to volumes of gases (chemistry only)
- Definitions Topic 3 Quantitative Chemistry AQA Chemistry GCSE
4 Chemical Changes
- 4.1. Reactivity of Metals
- 4.1. Reactivity of metals
- 4.2. Reactions of Acids
- 4.2. Reactions of acids
- 4.3. Electrolysis
- 4.3. Electrolysis
- Definitions Topic 4 Chemical Changes AQA Chemistry GCSE
5 Energy Changes
- 5.1. Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions
- 5.1. Exothermic and endothermic reactions
- 5.2. Chemical Cells and Fuel Cells (chemistry only)
- 5.2. Chemical cells and fuel cells (chemistry only)
- Definitions Topic 5 Energy Changes AQA Chemistry GCSE
6 The Rate and Extent of Chemical Change
- 6.1. Rate of Reaction
- 6.1. Rate of reaction
- 6.2. Reversible Reactions and Dynamic Equilibrium
- 6.2. Reversible reactions and dynamic equilibrium
- Definitions Topic 6 The Rate and Extent of Chemical Changes AQA Chemistry GCSE
7 Organic Chemistry
- 7.1. Carbon Compounds as Fuels and Feedstock
- 7.1. Carbon compounds as fuels and feedstock
- 7.2. Reactions of Alkenes and Alcohols (chemistry only)
- 7.2. Reactions of alkenes and alcohols (chemistry only)
- 7.3. Synthetic and Naturally Occurring Polymers (chemistry only)
- 7.3. Synthetic and naturally occurring polymers (chemistry only)
- Definitions Topic 7 Organic Chemistry AQA Chemistry GCSE
8 Chemical Analysis
- 8.1. Purity, Formulations and Chromatography
- 8.1. Purity, formulations and chromatography
- 8.2. Identification of Common Gases
- 8.2. Identification of common gases
- 8.3. Identification of Ions by Chemical and Spectroscopic Means (chemistry only)
- 8.3. Identification of ions by chemical and spectroscopic means (chemistry only)
- Definitions Topic 8 Chemical analysis AQA Chemistry GCSE
9 Chemistry of the Atmosphere
- 9.1. The Composition and Evolution of the Earth’s Atmosphere
- 9.1. The composition and evolution of the Earth’s atmosphere
- 9.2. Carbon Dioxide and Methane as Greenhouse Gases
- 9.2. Carbon dioxide and methane as greenhouse gases
- 9.3. Common Atmospheric Pollutants and Their Sources
- 9.3. Common atmospheric pollutants and their sources
- Definitions Topic 9 Chemistry of the Atmosphere AQA Chemistry GCSE
GCSE — Edexcel
1 Key Concepts in Chemistry
- Atomic structure
- Calculations involving masses
- Covalent bonding
- Definitions Topic 1 Key Concepts in Chemistry Edexcel Chemistry GCSE
- Ionic bonding
- The periodic table
- Types of substance
2 States of Matter and Mixtures
- Definitions Topic 2 States of Matter and Mixtures Edexcel Chemistry GCSE
- Methods of separating and purifying substances
- States of matter
3 Chemical Changes
4 Extracting Metals and Equilibria
- Definitions Topic 4 Extracting Metals and Equilibria Edexcel Chemistry GCSE
- Obtaining and using metals
- Reversible reactions and equilibria
5 Separate Chemistry 1
- Chemical cells and fuel cells
- Definitions Topic 5 Separate Chemistry 1 Edexcel Chemistry GCSE
- Dynamic equilibria
- Quantitative analysis
- Transition metals alloys and corrosion
6 Groups in The Periodic Table
7 Rates of Reaction and Energy Changes
- Definitions Topic 7 Rates of Reaction and Energy Changes Edexcel Chemistry GCSE
- Heat energy changes in chemical reactions
- Rates of reaction
8 Fuels and Earth Science
- Definitions Topic 8 Fuels and Earth Science Edexcel Chemistry GCSE
- Earth and atmospheric science
- Fuels