Globalisation in Business: IB & AQA Key Points | IB AQA 商务：全球化考点精讲

📚 Globalisation in Business: IB & AQA Key Points | IB AQA 商务：全球化考点精讲

Globalisation is one of the most transformative forces in modern business. For IB Business Management and AQA A-level Business students, understanding globalisation is essential to analysing how firms expand internationally, manage cultural differences, and respond to competitive pressures. This revision guide covers the key topics, from the drivers of globalisation to the ethical dilemmas faced by multinational enterprises.

全球化是现代商业中最具变革性的力量之一。对于 IB 商务管理和 AQA A-level 商务学生来说，理解全球化对于分析企业如何走向国际、管理文化差异和应对竞争压力至关重要。本考点精讲涵盖了全球化的驱动因素、跨国企业面临的道德困境等关键主题。

1. What is Globalisation? | 什么是全球化？

Globalisation is the process of increasing integration and interdependence among countries through the cross-border movement of goods, services, capital, people, and information. It has created a ‘global village’ where national boundaries become less significant for business activity.

全球化是指通过商品、服务、资本、人员和信息的跨境流动，各国之间日益融合和相互依赖的过程。它创造了一个”地球村”，国界对商业活动的影响越来越小。

From a business perspective, globalisation enables firms to access larger markets, tap into cheaper resources, and benefit from economies of scale. However, it also exposes them to increased competition and the complexity of operating in diverse regulatory environments.

从商业角度看，全球化使企业能够进入更大的市场、利用更廉价的资源并实现规模经济。但同时也使企业面临更激烈的竞争和在多元监管环境中经营的复杂性。

2. Drivers of Globalisation | 全球化的驱动因素

The acceleration of globalisation has been driven by several interconnected factors. One key driver is the advancement in technology, particularly in communication and transportation. The internet allows businesses to coordinate global supply chains, while containerisation has drastically reduced shipping costs.

全球化的加速由几个相互关联的因素推动。一个关键因素是技术进步，尤其是通信和运输领域的进步。互联网使企业能够协调全球供应链，而集装箱化大大降低了运输成本。

Trade liberalisation through organisations such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) and regional free trade agreements has reduced tariffs and quotas, encouraging cross-border commerce. Also, the growth of emerging economies like China and India has created vast new consumer markets and production hubs.

通过世界贸易组织(WTO)和区域自由贸易协定实现的贸易自由化降低了关税和配额，促进了

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