📚 High-Frequency Exam Topics in IB & CIE Computer Science | IB CIE 计算机：高频考点总结
Mastering computer science requires a deep understanding of core concepts that frequently appear in both IB and CIE examinations. From binary arithmetic to object-oriented design, certain topics are tested year after year. This guide consolidates these high-frequency topics, providing bilingual explanations to help students reinforce their knowledge and perform confidently in their assessments.
掌握计算机科学需要深刻理解核心概念，这些概念在IB和CIE考试中频繁出现。从二进制运算到面向对象设计，某些主题每年都会考察。本指南汇集了这些高频考点，提供中英双语解释，帮助学生巩固知识，自信应对评估。
1. Number Systems and Data Representation | 数字系统与数据表示
Binary, denary, and hexadecimal conversions are the bedrock of data representation. A nibble (4 bits) maps directly to a single hex digit, making hex a compact way to represent large binary values.
二进制、十进制和十六进制转换是数据表示的基础。每个半字节（4位）直接映射到一个十六进制数字，这使得十六进制成为表示长二进制值的紧凑方式。
Negative integers are often stored using two’s complement. To find the two’s complement, invert all bits and add 1. This representation simplifies subtraction by allowing addition of the complemented value.
负整数通常使用补码（二进制补码）存储。要得到补码，将所有位取反后加1。这种表示简化了减法，因为可以用加上补码后的值来实现减法运算。
Floating-point numbers are expressed as mantissa x 2 exponent (e.g., 0.1101 x 2³). Normalising the mantissa (making the first bit 1) maximises precision. IB & CIE exams often ask you to convert between binary floating-point and denary.
浮点数表示为尾数 x 2指数（例如 0.1101 x 2³）。对尾数进行规格化（使第一位为1）可以最大化精度。IB和CIE考试经常要求你在二进制浮点数和十进制数之间进行转换。
A quick reference conversion table can speed up your exam work immensely.
一张快速参考转换表可以极大加快你在考试中的作答速度。
| Binary | Denary | Hexadecimal |
|---|---|---|
| 0000 | 0 | 0 |
| 0101 | 5 | 5 |
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