Mastering Laboratory Techniques for IB and Edexcel Chemistry | IB 与 Edexcel 化学实验操作指南

📚 Mastering Laboratory Techniques for IB and Edexcel Chemistry | IB 与 Edexcel 化学实验操作指南

In both IB and Edexcel chemistry courses, laboratory work is central to understanding concepts and developing practical skills. This guide covers essential techniques, safety, and data handling required for internal assessments and practical examinations.

在 IB 和 Edexcel 化学课程中，实验操作是理解概念和培养实践技能的核心。本指南涵盖内部评估和实验考试所需的基本技术、安全措施和数据处理方法。

1. Safety in the Laboratory | 实验室安全

Always wear approved safety goggles and a laboratory coat. Tie back long hair and avoid loose clothing. Know the locations of the eyewash station, safety shower, and fire extinguisher.

始终佩戴认可的护目镜和实验服。扎起长发，避免穿着宽松衣物。熟悉洗眼器、紧急喷淋和灭火器的位置。

Handle all chemicals with care. Read labels and hazard symbols before use. Never taste chemicals, and use a fume hood for volatile or toxic substances.

小心处理所有化学品。使用前阅读标签和危险标志。切勿品尝化学品，对于挥发性或有毒物质应使用通风橱。

Dispose of waste according to the teacher’s instructions. Broken glass goes into the sharps container, and organic solvents require special waste bottles.

按照老师指示处理废弃物。碎玻璃放入利器盒，有机溶剂需要专门的废液瓶。

2. Measuring Mass and Volume | 称量与体积测量

A top-loading digital balance should read to 0.01 g or better. Always use a weighing boat or paper, and press tare before adding the substance. Record the mass directly from the display.

上皿式电子天平应读数到 0.01 g 或更优。始终使用称量舟或称量纸，加入物质前按归零键。直接从显示屏记录质量。

Volumes of liquids are measured with graduated cylinders, volumetric pipettes, burettes, and volumetric flasks. For high accuracy, use a volumetric pipette with a pipette filler, allowing the liquid to drain naturally – do not blow out the last drop unless the pipette is specified as ‘blow-out’.

液体体积用量筒、移液管、滴定管和容量瓶测量。为了高准确度，使用移液管和洗耳球，让液体自然流出——除非移液管标明‘吹出式’，不要吹出最后一滴。

When reading a burette or graduated cylinder, ensure your eye is level with the meniscus and read the bottom of the meniscus. Record readings to the nearest 0.05 cm³ for a burette.

读取滴定管或量筒时，确保视线与液面弯月面底部平齐。滴定管读数记录到最接近的 0.05 cm³。

3. Mastering Titration | 掌握滴定技术

Rinse the burette with the titrant solution, then fill it ensuring the tip has no air bubbles. Record the initial volume. Use a white tile under the flask to observe the colour change at the endpoint.

用滴定剂溶液润洗滴定管，然后装液，确保尖嘴无气泡。记录初始体积。在锥形瓶下放白板以便观察终点颜色变化。

Add indicator (e.g., phenolphthalein for strong acid-strong base titrations). Swirl the

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