📚 IB Computer Science: Programming Fundamentals Revision | IB 计算机：编程基础考点精讲
This article provides a comprehensive, exam-focused review of programming fundamentals as covered in the IB Computer Science syllabus. It is designed to help you master key concepts, common pseudocode conventions, and typical exam pitfalls.
本文全面梳理了 IB 计算机科学课程中的编程基础考点，旨在帮助你掌握核心概念、常见伪代码规范以及典型考试陷阱。
1. Variables and Data Types | 变量与数据类型
In IB programming questions, you must correctly declare and use variables. A variable stores a value that can change during program execution. Common data types include INTEGER, REAL (or FLOAT), BOOLEAN, CHAR, and STRING.
在 IB 编程题中，你需要正确声明和使用变量。变量存储可在程序执行过程中改变的值。常见数据类型有 INTEGER（整型）、REAL（或 FLOAT，实型）、BOOLEAN（布尔型）、CHAR（字符型）和 STRING（字符串型）。
The IB pseudocode uses declaration statements like DECLARE score : INTEGER or simply score ← 0 without explicit type when the type is obvious. Always initialise variables before use to avoid logical errors.
IB 伪代码使用声明语句，如 DECLARE score : INTEGER，或在类型明显时直接用 score ← 0。务必在使用前初始化变量，以免出现逻辑错误。
Naming conventions matter: use meaningful names like studentName or totalMarks. Avoid single letters except for loop counters (e.g., i, j).
命名规范很重要：使用有意义的名称，如 studentName 或 totalMarks。除循环计数器（如 i、j）外，避免使用单字母命名。
Constants are declared with CONSTANT Pi
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