Typical A-Level AQA English Exam Questions Explained with Model Answers | A-Level AQA 英语典型例题详解

📚 Typical A-Level AQA English Exam Questions Explained with Model Answers | A-Level AQA 英语典型例题详解

Mastering A-Level AQA English requires more than just a love of literature – it demands a strategic understanding of assessment objectives, question types, and the craft of academic writing. This guide unpacks typical exam questions from the AQA English Literature and Language specifications, offering clear models and bilingual commentary. Whether you are preparing for Paper 1’s unseen prose or the comparative poetry task, these detailed worked examples will sharpen your analytical skills and boost your confidence in the exam hall.

要精通 A-Level AQA 英语,仅仅热爱文学是不够的——你需要对评估目标、题型和学术写作技巧有策略性的理解。本指南将详细拆解 AQA 英语文学与语言考试中的典型题目,提供清晰的范文和双语讲解。无论你是在准备 Paper 1 的未见散文分析,还是比较诗歌题目,这些详尽的典型例题都能提升你的分析能力,增强你踏入考场的信心。

1. Understanding the AQA Assessment Objectives | 理解 AQA 评估目标

Before tackling any question, a successful candidate must internalise the five Assessment Objectives (AOs) that underpin every mark scheme. AO1 tests your ability to articulate informed, relevant responses using appropriate terminology. AO2 focuses on analysing the ways in which writers use form, structure and language to shape meaning. AO3 requires you to demonstrate understanding of the contexts in which texts were written and received. AO4 is all about exploring connections across texts, and AO5 evaluates your engagement with critical interpretations and personal response. Knowing which AOs are weighted in each question is the first step to a top-grade essay.

在解答任何题目之前,成功的考生必须内化支撑每份评分方案的五个评估目标(AO)。AO1 测试你使用恰当的术语清晰地表达有见解、切题的回答的能力。AO2 侧重于分析作家如何运用形式、结构和语言来塑造意义。AO3 要求你展示对文本创作和接受背景的理解。AO4 关乎探索文本之间的联系,而 AO5 则评估你对批评性诠释的参与和个人回应。了解每题侧重哪些 AO 是写出高分作文的第一步。

The table below summarises the typical AO weightings for the most common AQA English Literature A Level components. Use this as a quick reference to allocate your time and energy appropriately when planning an answer.

下表总结了最常见的 AQA 英语文学 A Level 考试组成部分的典型 AO 权重。将其作为快速参考,以便在构思答案时合理分配时间和精力。

Paper / Section AO1 AO2 AO3 AO4 AO5
Unseen Prose (Paper 1A) 20% 60% 20% 0% 0%
Comparative Poetry (Paper 1B) 25% 25% 25% 25% 0%
Set Text (Paper 2A) 15% 40% 25% 0% 20%
Unseen Poetry Comparison (Paper 2B) 20% 60% 0% 0% 20%

A common pitfall is to treat all AOs as equally important in every question. Instead, highlight the dominant AOs in your plan and ensure that your topic sentences, evidence selection and concluding statements reflect their relative weight. For example, in an unseen prose response, you must devote the bulk of your analysis to AO2, whereas in a set-text essay, weaving in critical views (AO5) becomes essential.

一个常见的误区是以为每道题中所有 AO 同等重要。实际上,你需要在提纲中突出占主导的 AO,并确保主题句、论据选择和结论句都反映其相对权重。例如,在未见散文回答中,你必须把大部分分析留给 AO2,而在规定文本论文中,融入批评性观点(AO5)就变得至关重要。


2. Analysing Unseen Prose Extracts (Paper 1 Section A) | 分析未见过的散文选段

The unseen prose question presents a short extract from a novel or short story written in English. A typical task asks: ‘Explore the ways in which the writer presents the relationship between the two characters in this extract.’ You have 50 minutes to read, plan and write. Success hinges on a rapid yet systematic approach: identify the narrative voice, track shifts in tone, and spotlight how figurative language, syntax and sentence structure create meaning.

未见散文题会提供一篇选自英语小说或短篇故事的简短选段。典型题目要求:“探索作者如何在本选段中展现两个人物之间的关系。”你有 50 分钟时间阅读、规划和写作。成功的关键在于快速但系统的方法:识别叙述声音,追踪语气变化,并着重分析比喻语言、句法和句子结构如何塑造意义。

Consider this opening line from a fictional extract: ‘Her silence was a locked room, and every question he asked rattled the handle but never turned the key.’ An effective analytical point would note the extended metaphor of containment and failed access. You could write: ‘The writer immediately constructs the relationship as one of emotional impenetrability; the woman’s silence is figured as a “locked room”, implying deliberate concealment, while the man’s futile attempts are captured in the tactile image of a rattling handle that yields no entry.’ This style of close reading directly addresses AO2.

设想一段虚构选段的开头:“她的沉默是一间上锁的房间,他提出的每一个问题都摇动着把手,却从未转动钥匙。”一个有效的分析点会注意到这种关于封闭与进入失败的扩展隐喻。你可以写道:“作者立刻将这段关系构建为一种情感上的不可穿透;女人的沉默被描绘成‘上锁的房间’,暗示了故意的隐藏,而男人的徒劳尝试则被捕捉在摇动把手却无法进入的触觉意象中。”这种细读的风格直接回应了 AO2。

Always begin by annotating the extract for patterns: sentence lengths (a sudden short sentence amidst long, flowing ones often signals a moment of tension or realisation), lexical fields (e.g. words of warfare suggesting conflict), and shifts in pronoun use from ‘I’ to ‘we’ or ‘they’. Linking these observations to the writer’s overall purpose demonstrates analytical rigour and prevents mere feature-spotting.

始终从标注选段中的模式开始:句子长度(在长而流畅的句子中突然出现的短句往往标志紧张或醒悟的时刻)、词汇场(如战争词汇暗示冲突)以及代词从“我”到“我们”或“他们”的转换。将这些观察与作者的整体目的联系起来,既能展现分析的严谨性,又能避免仅仅罗列写作手法。


3. Comparative Poetry Question (Paper 1 Section B) | 比较诗歌题

In this task, you are given one printed poem and asked to compare it with a second poem from your anthology (e.g. AQA’s ‘Poems of the Decade’ or a pre-1914 collection). The question usually invites you to explore a shared theme, such as memory, conflict or nature. The mark scheme expects you to move beyond simple similarities and differences, developing a nuanced argument that highlights the dialogue between the two poems.

在这个任务中,你会拿到一首印在试卷上的诗,并被要求将其与你选集(如 AQA 的“十年诗歌”或前 1914 年诗集)中的另一首诗进行比较。题目通常邀请你探索一个共同主题,如记忆、冲突或自然。评分方案期望你超越简单的相似与不同,发展出一个细腻的论点,强调两首诗之间的对话。

Structuring your response is critical. Avoid the two-chunk approach where you analyse the first poem entirely and then the second. Instead, adopt an integrated structure built around key comparatives ideas. For instance, if comparing Duffy’s ‘Hour’ and Rossetti’s ‘A Birthday’ on the theme of love, you could organise paragraphs around the tension between timelessness and mortality, the use of natural imagery to convey abundance, and the contrasting tones that complicate the celebration of love.

构建答案结构至关重要。避免将第一篇诗整体分析完毕再分析第二篇的“两块式”方法。取而代之的是围绕关键比较观点构建的综合结构。例如,如果比较达菲的《时光》和罗塞蒂的《生日》关于爱的主题,你可以围绕永恒与必死性之间的张力、使用自然意象传达丰盈、以及使爱的庆祝复杂化的对比语气来组织段落。

Always embed a brief comparison of form. Note how Rossetti’s Petrarchan sonnet structure, with its volta in line 8, enacts a turn from external celebration to internal devotion, while Duffy’s fourteen-line free verse poem subverts the sonnet tradition by ending with the external imagery of a ‘shop’ to reject idealised love. Such formal insights demonstrate sophisticated AO2 analysis and lift your essay into the top band.

始终融入对形式的简要比较。注意罗塞蒂的彼特拉克式十四行诗结构,其第八行的转调实现了从外在庆祝到内心虔诚的转折,而达菲的十四行自由诗则颠覆了十四行诗的传统,以‘商店’的外在意象结尾来拒绝理想化的爱情。这类形式洞见展示了精湛的 AO2 分析,能把你的文章提升到最高档次。


4. Shakespeare and Drama Question (Paper 2 Section A) | 莎士比亚与戏剧题

The Shakespeare and drama section requires you to write about one play you have studied in depth, such as ‘Hamlet’, ‘King Lear’ or ‘A Streetcar Named Desire’. A typical question might be: ‘In what ways does Shakespeare explore the conflict between appearance and reality in Hamlet?’ The challenge is to balance overview with close analysis of particular scenes.

莎士比亚与戏剧部分要求你深入评析一部学习过的剧作,如《哈姆雷特》《李尔王》或《欲望号街车》。典型例题如:“莎士比亚以什么方式在《哈姆雷特》中探索了表象与现实之间的冲突?”难点在于要平衡整体概览与对特定场景的细致分析。

Plan your response around three to four key moments in the play that trace the development of the theme. For Hamlet, you might select the ghost’s revelation (I.v), the ‘to be or not to be’ soliloquy (III.i), and the play-within-a-play (III.ii). For each moment, quote precisely and analyse dramatic techniques: aside and soliloquy to convey inner truth, metaphor of acting and metatheatre, and the use of madness as both a mask and a revelation. This approach ensures that your essay is anchored in the text while addressing the question’s broad thematic demand.

围绕剧中三到四个展现主题发展的关键时刻来规划回答。以《哈姆雷特》为例,你可以选择鬼魂的揭示(第一幕第五场)、“生存还是毁灭”独白(第三幕第一场)和戏中戏(第三幕第二场)。对每一个时刻,精确引用并分析戏剧技巧:旁白与独白传达内心真实,演戏与元剧场的隐喻,以及疯狂同时作为面具和揭露的使用。这种方法能让你的文章扎根文本,同时回答题目的广泛主题要求。

Do not neglect AO3 and AO5. You could integrate a critical view, such as that of Harold Bloom, who argued that Hamlet’s delay stems from an overdeveloped consciousness, or refer to historical context like Renaissance scepticism. Even a brief reference shows that you are aware of the play’s critical heritage and its resonances beyond the page.

不要忽视 AO3 和 AO5。你可以融入批评观点,如哈罗德·布鲁姆认为哈姆雷特的延宕源自过度的意识,或者提及文艺复兴时期的怀疑主义等历史背景。即使是一个简短的提及,也能表明你了解这部剧作的批评传统及其超出文本之外的回响。


5. Unseen Poetry Comparison (Paper 2 Section B) | 未见诗歌比较

This 50-minute task gives you two unseen poems linked by theme. The question asks you to compare the ways the poets present their ideas. Because you have never seen these poems before, a reliable method is to spend the first 10 minutes actively reading: underline every interesting word choice, mark structural breaks, and jot down the speaker’s attitude in each poem.

这项 50 分钟的任务会给你两首主题相关的未见诗歌。题目要求你比较两位诗人呈现想法的方式。因为你此前从未见过这些诗,可靠的方法是花最初的 10 分钟主动阅读:在每个有趣的用词下划线,标记结构断点,并简要记下每首诗说话者的态度。

A powerful opening sentence can signal confidence. For example: ‘While Poem A presents memory as a burden that anchors the speaker to pain, Poem B elebrates memory as a transformative act of love.’ This immediately sets up a comparative argument that goes beyond ‘both poems are about memory’. Then, explore contrasts in sound (euphonious versus harsh consonants), imagery (closed spaces versus expansive landscapes), and voice (first-person confessional versus third-person detached observer).

一个有力的开头句可以彰显自信。例如:“虽然诗歌 A 将记忆呈现为将说话者锚定在痛苦中的重负,诗歌 B 则颂扬记忆为爱的转变行为。”这立刻建立起一个比较性论点,超越了“两首诗都是关于记忆”的层次。接着,探索声音(和谐与刺耳辅音)、意象(封闭空间与广阔风景)和声音(第一人称自白与第三人称超然观察者)方面的对比。

Finish with a concluding sentence that evaluates the significance of the comparison. Perhaps note that both poems ultimately suggest memory is inescapable, but one frames this as tragedy while the other as a form of survival. This final evaluation touches on AO5 and leaves the examiner with a sense of intelligent synthesis.

用一句评价比较意义的结尾句收尾。或许指出两首诗歌最终都暗示记忆无法逃避,但一首将其框定为悲剧,另一首则视为一种生存方式。这种最终评价触及了 AO5,能给考官留下聪颖综合的印象。


6. Textual Analysis of Set Texts (Prose) | 规定文本分析(小说)

For prose set texts like ‘The Great Gatsby’ or ‘The Handmaid’s Tale’, questions often invite you to explore an aspect such as narration, symbolism or gender. The key is to integrate commentary on the writer’s craft (AO2) with contextual awareness (AO3) from the very first paragraph. Avoid writing a context dump; instead, weave contextual points into your argument as evidence of intentionality.

对于像《了不起的盖茨比》或《使女的故事》这样的规定小说文本,题目常常邀请你探索叙述、象征或性别等某个方面。关键在于从第一段开始就将对作者技巧的评论(AO2)与语境意识(AO3)融为一体。避免进行“背景知识倾倒”;相反,要将背景观点作为意图性的证据融入你的论证中。

Consider a question on Fitzgerald’s use of setting in ‘The Great Gatsby’. Rather than stating that the Valley of Ashes represents the failure of the American Dream, show how Fitzgerald’s language constructs this meaning. Write: ‘The “ash-grey men” who “move dimly” through the Valley are grammatical objects more than subjects, their humanity eroded by industrial waste – a direct counterpoint to the vibrant colours of East and West Egg. Here, Fitzgerald critiques a capitalist system where the pursuit of wealth devours the vulnerable, a reflection of 1920s inequality.’

设想一道关于菲茨杰拉德在《了不起的盖茨比》中运用场景的题目。与其单纯说灰烬谷代表了美国梦的失败,不如展示菲茨杰拉德的语言如何构建这一含义。写道:“那些在灰烬谷‘模糊地移动’的‘灰白色的人’在语法上更像是宾语而非主语,他们的人性被工业废物侵蚀——与东卵和西卵的鲜艳色彩形成直接对照。在此,菲茨杰拉德批判了一种资本主义体系,其中对财富的追逐吞噬了弱者,这反映了 1920 年代的不平等现象。”

Use your knowledge of narrative theory where relevant. For Atwood’s ‘The Handmaid’s Tale’, discussing the reliability of Offred’s narration and the ‘Historian’s Notes’ at the end allows you to explore the politics of storytelling and the reconstruction of female history. Such layered analysis satisfies the higher bands of the mark scheme and shows genuine intellectual engagement.

在相关处运用叙述理论知识。对于阿特伍德的《使女的故事》,讨论奥弗雷德叙述的可靠性以及文末的‘历史学家笔记’,可以让你探索叙事的政治性以及女性历史的重构。这种多层次的分析能满足评分方案的高级标准,并展示真正的思想参与。


7. Critical Interpretations and Context (AO3, AO5) | 批评性诠释与语境

Many students treat critical views as an ornamental extra, dropping a critic’s name without integrating it into their argument. To excel in AO5, you must interrogate the critical perspective. For example, when discussing ‘Othello’, instead of merely quoting A.C. Bradley’s view of Othello as ‘noble’, challenge it: ‘While Bradley reads Othello’s jealousy as a tragic flaw, a postcolonial lens reframes his violence as the product of a racist Venetian society that continually reminds him of his outsider status.’

许多学生将批评观点视为装饰性的附加物,只是丢入一个批评家的名字而不融入自己的论证。要在 AO5 上脱颖而出,你必须审问批评视角。例如,在讨论《奥赛罗》时,不要仅仅引用 A.C. 布拉德利认为奥赛罗“高贵”的观点,而要挑战它:“虽然布拉德利将奥赛罗的妒忌解读为悲剧性缺陷,但从后殖民视角来看,他的暴力行为可以被重新框定为那个不断提醒其局外人身份的、充满种族主义的威尼斯社会的产物。”

Contextual knowledge should be precise and relevant. For a question on ‘The Handmaid’s Tale’ and totalitarianism, referencing the Puritan roots of Gilead is strong, but linking the novel’s ‘Particicution’ ceremony to historical phenomena like the Chinese Cultural Revolution’s struggle sessions or the French Revolution’s public executions adds sophistication. Always clarify how the context shapes meaning rather than simply reporting historical facts.

语境知识应当精确且相关。对于一道关于《使女的故事》与极权主义的题目,提及吉利德国的清教根源固然不错,但将小说中的‘参与处决’仪式与历史上像中国文化大革命的批斗会或法国大革命的公开处决等现象联系起来则更显深刻。务必阐明语境如何塑造意义,而非仅仅报告历史事实。


8. Structuring a High-Scoring Essay | 构建高分作文结构

A top-band essay is distinguished less by its line-level analysis than by its overarching argumentative coherence. Your introduction should establish a clear thesis that directly answers the question, avoiding vague praise of the author. Each main body paragraph should begin with a topic sentence that presents an analytical claim, not a plot summary.

一篇最高档次的文章,其出众之处与其在于零散的分析,不如在于整体论证的连贯性。你的引言部分应确立一个直接回答问题的清晰论点,避免对作者的空泛赞扬。每个主体段落应以提出分析性主张的主题句开头,而非情节概括。

For a comparative question, structure your body paragraphs around aspects of comparison: narrative perspective, use of symbolism, handling of time. Within each paragraph, move seamlessly between the two texts using linking phrases such as ‘whereas’, ‘similarly’, ‘in contrast’. Conclude each paragraph by returning to the implications of the comparison for the reader’s understanding of the central theme.

对于比较类题目,围绕比较的方面来组织主体段落:叙述视角、象征手法的运用、对时间的处理。在每个段落内,使用诸如“然而”“类似地”“相比之下”等连接短语在两篇文本之间顺畅转换。每个段落结尾都要回到比较对读者理解核心主题所产生的影响上。


9. Sample Question with Model Answer: Unseen Prose | 例题与范文:未见散文

Question: Read the extract below from a short story. Explore the ways in which the writer presents the protagonist’s sense of isolation. [The extract describes a woman sitting alone in a cafe, observing bustling streets through a rain-streaked window, comparing the outside world to a silent film.]

题目:阅读下面一篇短篇故事的选段。探索作者如何展现主人公的孤独感。[选段描述一个女人独自坐在咖啡馆里,透过雨水模糊的窗玻璃观察繁忙的街道,将外部世界比作无声电影。]

Model opening paragraph: In this extract, the writer constructs the protagonist’s isolation not merely through physical separation but through a radical perceptual disconnection from the external world. The simile of the streets as ‘a silent film run backwards’ immediately establishes a sense of unreality; the protagonist is positioned as a passive spectator, cut off from the vibrant life beyond the glass. The lexical field of cinematic projection – ‘flicker’, ‘unreel’, ‘projection’ – extends this metaphor, suggesting that her interior world has become so consuming that reality itself feels artificial and mute. This opening analysis tackles AO2 head-on by integrating terminology with interpretation.

范文开头段:在这个选段中,作者构建主人公的孤独感,并非仅仅通过物理上的分离,而是通过一种与外部世界根本性的感知断裂。把街道比作“倒放的无声电影”立刻营造出一种非现实感;主人公被定位为被动的观众,与玻璃外充满活力的生活隔绝开来。电影放映的词汇场——“闪烁”、“展开”、“放映”——扩展了这一隐喻,暗示她的内心世界已经强大到让现实本身都显得虚假且无声。这段开头分析将术语与阐释融为一体,直面 AO2。


10. Sample Question with Model Answer: Comparative Poetry | 例题与范文:比较诗歌

Question: Compare the ways in which poets present the passage of time in ‘Ode on a Grecian Urn’ by Keats and ‘Aubade’ by Larkin. (Note: assume both poems are available.)

题目:比较诗人分别在济慈的《希腊古瓮颂》和拉金的《晨曲》中呈现时间流逝的方式。(假设两首诗均已提供)

Model comparative body paragraph: Keats’s speaker addresses the urn directly, celebrating its frozen, eternal state: ‘For ever wilt thou love, and she be fair!’ The exclamative and repetition of ‘for ever’ encapsulate the Romantic yearning to transcend temporal decay. Larkin, in stark contrast, begins ‘Aubade’ with the chillingly plain admission, ‘I work all day, and get half-drunk at night. / Waking at four to soundless dark, I stare.’ Here, time is not a beautiful arrest but a relentless, annihilating force. The enjambment and the blunt, confessional tone strip away any Romantic comfort, suggesting that for the modern subject, immortality is no longer a consolatory fantasy but an absence. While Keats’s ode gestures towards art’s power to defeat time, Larkin’s aubade argues that the very consciousness of time renders the modern self irreparably wounded.

范文比较主体段:济慈的说话者直接对古瓮说话,赞美其凝固的永恒状态:“你将永远爱下去,她也永远美丽!”感叹词和“永远”的反复囊括了浪漫主义对超越时间腐朽的渴望。与此形成鲜明对照的是,拉金在《晨曲》中以令人不寒而栗的平淡坦承开头:“我整天工作,夜晚喝个半醉。凌晨四点醒来,凝视无声的暗夜。”在此,时间不是美丽的停滞,而是一股无情吞噬的力量。跨行连续和直白、自白式的语调剥去了任何浪漫主义的慰藉,暗示对现代主体而言,不朽不再是一种安抚的幻想,而是一种缺失。济慈的颂诗指向艺术战胜时间的力量,而拉金的晨曲则主张,恰恰是对时间的意识使现代自我不可弥补地受伤。


11. Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them | 常见错误与避免方法

One of the most frequent errors in A-Level English exams is narrating plot instead of analysing. A sentence like ‘Then Gatsby throws a party and Nick meets Jordan’ merely recounts events. Transform it into analysis: ‘Fitzgerald stages Gatsby’s party as a grotesque, almost depersonalised spectacle, where guests “come and go without greeting the host”, underscoring the moral vacuity at the heart of his American Dream.’ Always ask yourself after writing a sentence: am I telling the reader what happens, or am I explaining how the writer’s choices create meaning?

A-Level 英语考试中最常见的错误之一就是叙述情节而非进行分析。像“然后盖茨比举办了一场派对,尼克遇到了乔丹”这样的句子只是在复述事件。把它转化为分析:“菲茨杰拉德将盖茨比的派对编排成一个怪诞、几乎去人格化的奇观,宾客们‘来来去去却不与主人打招呼’,凸显了他美国梦核心的道德空虚。”每写完一句后都要问自己:我是在告诉读者发生了什么,还是在解释作者的选择如何创造意义?

Another mistake is writing formulaic introductions such as ‘In this essay I will discuss…’. Instead, craft a thesis-driven opening that asserts your main argument. Avoid using unspecific praise: ‘Shakespeare is a great writer.’ Focus on precision and argument. Finally, do not neglect the ending; a weak ‘In conclusion, I have shown…’ repeats rather than extends. Aim for a final insight that opens up a wider perspective on the text or topic.

另一个错误是写出公式化的引言,如“在这篇论文中我将讨论……”。取而代之的是,精心打造一个论点驱动的开头,明确表达你的主要论证。避免使用不具体的赞美:“莎士比亚是一位伟大的作家。”专注于精确性和论证。最后,不要忽视结尾;一个孱弱的“总之,我已经展示了……”是在重复而非延伸。力求以一个能对文本或主题开启更广阔视角的最终见解来收尾。


12. Final Tips for Exam Success | 考试成功最后提示

In the final weeks before the exam, focus on timed practice using past papers. Rehearse the skill of reading an unseen extract or poem under pressure and extracting a plan in 8 minutes. Memorise a set of flexible critical perspectives for your set texts, and practise adapting them to different questions. Your goal is to enter the exam hall with a method, not with pre-written essays that might not fit the specific question.

在考试前的最后几周,集中精力使用历年真题进行限时练习。演练在压力下阅读未见选段或诗歌并在 8 分钟内提取提纲的技能。为规定文本记忆一套灵活的批评视角,并练习将它们应用于不同题目。你的目标是带着一套方法走进考场,而非可能不适应具体题目的预制文章。

On exam day, manage your time ruthlessly. For the unseen prose question, spend no more than 15 minutes reading, annotating and planning, leaving 35 minutes to write. If you find yourself running out of time, move from writing full paragraphs to bullet-pointed analysis that still demonstrates your skills. Above all, trust the preparation you have done; clear structure, embedded evidence and perceptive commentary will always be rewarded.

在考试当天,严格管理时间。对于未见散文题,花在阅读、标注和规划上的时间不要超过 15 分钟,留出 35 分钟写作。如果发现时间不够用,就从写完整段落转为仍能展示你技能的要点式分析。最重要的是,要相信你所做的准备;清晰的结构、内嵌的证据和敏锐的评论永远会获得回报。

Published by TutorHao | AQA English Revision Series | aleveler.com

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