AP Physics Electromagnetism Key Vocabulary | AP 物理电磁学重点词汇

📚 AP Physics Electromagnetism Key Vocabulary | AP 物理电磁学重点词汇

Mastering the vocabulary of electromagnetism is crucial for success in AP Physics C: Electricity & Magnetism or Physics 2. This guide defines key terms, equations, and concepts in both English and Chinese, helping bilingual learners solidify their understanding and communicate ideas with precision.

掌握电磁学词汇对 AP 物理 C：电磁学或物理 2 的成功至关重要。本指南以英汉双语定义了关键术语、方程和概念，帮助双语学习者巩固理解并准确表达物理思想。

1. Electric Charge and Coulomb’s Law | 电荷与库仑定律

Electric Charge (q): A fundamental property of matter that causes it to experience a force in an electromagnetic field. The SI unit is the coulomb (C).

电荷 (q)：物质的一种基本属性，使其在电磁场中受到力的作用。国际单位制单位为库仑 (C)。

Coulomb’s Law: The magnitude of the electrostatic force between two point charges is F = k|q₁ q₂| / r², where k = 8.99 × 10⁹ N·m²/C² and r is the distance between them. The force is attractive for opposite charges and repulsive for like charges.

库仑定律：两个点电荷之间静电力的大小为 F = k|q₁ q₂| / r²，其中 k = 8.99 × 10⁹ N·m²/C²，r 为它们之间的距离。异种电荷相互吸引，同种电荷相互排斥。

Elementary Charge (e): The smallest unit of charge, e = 1.60 × 10⁻¹⁹ C. Protons have charge +e, electrons have charge −e.

基本电荷 (e)：电荷的最小单位，e = 1.60 × 10⁻¹⁹ C。质子带 +e 电荷，电子带 −e 电荷。

Conservation of Charge: Net electric charge in an isolated system remains constant; charge cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred.

电荷守恒：孤立系统中的净电荷保持不变；电荷不能被创造或消灭，只能转移。

2. Electric Field and Field Lines | 电场与电场线

Electric Field (E): A vector field that represents the force per unit charge exerted on a positive test charge. E = F/q₀. Unit: N/C or V/m. The direction of the field is the direction of the force on a positive charge.

电场 (E)：表示作用在单位

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