📚 AQA Politics for Year 7: A Quick Vocabulary Guide | AQA Year 7 政治：词汇术语速记指南
Welcome to your Year 7 AQA Politics vocabulary guide. This article breaks down essential political terms you will meet in class. Each key word is explained clearly in English and Chinese, so you can build confidence in your understanding and use of political language. Learning these terms will help you discuss how the United Kingdom is run, how decisions are made, and what it means to be an active citizen.
欢迎来到 Year 7 AQA 政治词汇指南。本文为你拆解课堂上会遇到的关键政治术语。每个核心词汇都用清晰的中英文解释，帮助你自信地理解和运用政治语言。掌握这些术语，你就能更好地讨论英国如何运作、决策如何制定，以及成为积极公民意味着什么。
1. Democracy | 民主
A democracy is a system of government where the people have the power to choose their leaders, usually by voting in elections. The word comes from the Greek ‘demos’ (people) and ‘kratos’ (rule). In a democracy, everyone’s voice matters, and decisions are made based on what the majority wants.
民主是一种政府体制，人民有权选择自己的领导人，通常通过选举投票实现。这个词源自希腊语的“demos”（人民）和“kratos”（统治）。在民主制度中，每个人的声音都很重要，决策基于多数人的意愿做出。
In the UK, we live in a representative democracy. This means we elect Members of Parliament (MPs) to represent our views and make laws on our behalf.
在英国，我们生活在代议制民主中。这意味着我们选举国会议员（MP）来代表我们的意见，并代表我们制定法律。
2. Parliament | 议会
Parliament is the highest law-making body in the United Kingdom. It is made up of three parts: the House of Commons, the House of Lords, and the Monarch. The House of Commons is the most powerful part, with 650 elected MPs who debate and vote on new laws.
议会是英国最高立法机构。它由三部分组成：下议院、上议院和君主。下议院是最有权力的一部分，有650名选举产生的议员，他们就新法律进行辩论和投票。
The Houses of Parliament are located in the Palace of Westminster in London. The famous clock tower, Big Ben, is part of this building.
议会大厦位于伦敦的威斯敏斯特宫。著名的大本钟就是这栋建筑的一部分。
3. Government | 政府
The government is the group of people who run the country day to day. It is formed by the political party (or coalition of parties) that has the most MPs in the House of Commons. The government proposes new laws, manages public services like the NHS and schools, and sets taxes.
政府是日常管理国家的一群人。它由在下议院拥有最多议员席位的政党（或政党联盟）组成。政府提出新法律，管理国民医疗服务体系和学校等公共服务，并制定税收政策。
Do not confuse ‘government’ with ‘Parliament’. Parliament makes laws and checks the government’s work, while the government puts those laws into action.
不要混淆“政府”和“议会”。议会制定法律并监督政府工作，而政府将这些法律付诸实施。
4. Prime Minister | 首相
The Prime Minister (PM) is the leader of the government. He or she is usually the leader of the largest party in the House of Commons. The PM chooses a team of senior ministers, called the Cabinet, to handle key areas like education, health, and defence.
首相是政府的领导人。他或她通常是下议院最大党的党魁。首相挑选一组高级大臣（称为内阁）负责教育、卫生和国防等关键领域。
The official residence of the Prime Minister is 10 Downing Street in London.
首相的官邸是伦敦唐宁街10号。
5. Election | 选举
An election is a formal process where citizens vote to choose who will represent them. In a general election, people across the UK vote for their local MP. Elections give citizens the chance to have a say in how the country is governed.
选举是公民投票选择谁将代表他们的正式程序。在大选中，全英国人民投票选举当地的国会议员。选举让公民有机会对国家的治理方式发表意见。
General elections in the UK usually happen every five years, but an early election can be called in certain situations. The voting age for UK general elections is 18.
英国大选通常每五年举行一次，但在某些情况下可以提前举行。英国大选的投票年龄是18岁。
6. Political Party | 政党
A political party is an organised group of people who share similar ideas about how the country should be run. Parties put forward candidates in elections and publish a manifesto – a set of promises they aim to keep if they win power.
政党是一群有组织的人，他们对如何治理国家有着相似的想法。政党在选举中推出候选人，并发布宣言——一套如果他们赢得权力将努力兑现的承诺。
The main political parties in the UK include the Conservative Party, the Labour Party, and the Liberal Democrats. Other parties, like the Scottish National Party and the Green Party, also play important roles.
英国主要的政党包括保守党、工党和自由民主党。其他政党，如苏格兰民族党和绿党，也扮演着重要角色。
7. Vote | 投票
To vote means to make a choice in an election or a formal meeting. In the UK, most votes are cast secretly on a ballot paper. Voting is a right and a responsibility in a democracy. It is one of the most direct ways citizens can influence decision-making.
投票意味着在选举或正式会议中做出选择。在英国，大多数投票是通过选票秘密投出的。在民主制度中，投票既是权利也是责任。这是公民影响决策最直接的方式之一。
A referendum is a special type of vote where the public decides directly on a single big issue, such as the 2016 vote on whether the UK should leave the European Union.
公投是一种特殊的投票形式，公众就单一重大议题直接做出决定，例如2016年关于英国是否脱离欧盟的投票。
8. Law | 法律
A law is a rule made by Parliament that everyone in the country must follow. Laws are designed to keep order, protect people’s rights, and make society fair. If someone breaks a law, they can face punishment such as a fine or a prison sentence.
法律是由议会制定的规则，全国每个人都必须遵守。法律旨在维持秩序，保护人民权利，并使社会公平。如果有人违法，他们可能面临惩罚，如罚款或监禁。
A proposed new law is called a ‘bill’. It must be debated and approved by both Houses of Parliament and receive Royal Assent from the Monarch before it becomes an Act of Parliament (a law).
拟议中的新法律被称为“法案”。它必须经过议会两院的辩论和批准，并得到君主的御准，才能成为议会法令（法律）。
9. Constitution | 宪法
A constitution is a set of rules and principles that outline how a country is governed. The United Kingdom has an ‘uncodified’ constitution, which means it is not written down in one single document. Instead, it comes from statutes, common law, conventions, and works of authority.
宪法是一套规则和原则，概述了国家如何治理。英国有一部“不成文”宪法，意味着它没有写在一份单一的文件中。相反，它来自成文法、普通法、惯例和权威著作。
Key principles of the UK constitution include parliamentary sovereignty, the rule of law, and the separation of powers. Knowing these helps you understand why our political system works the way it does.
英国宪法的关键原则包括议会主权、法治和权力分立。了解这些有助于你理解我们的政治制度为何如此运作。
10. Monarchy | 君主制
A monarchy is a form of government where a king or queen is the head of state. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. This means the Monarch’s powers are limited by law, and they must remain politically neutral. The Monarch’s duties are mostly ceremonial, such as opening Parliament and giving Royal Assent to laws.
君主制是一种政府形式，国王或女王是国家元首。英国是君主立宪制国家。这意味着君主的权力受到法律限制，且必须保持政治中立。君主的职责主要是礼仪性的，例如为议会开幕和对法律给予御准。
King Charles III is the current Monarch. The famous phrase ‘The King reigns, but does not rule’ sums up the modern role of the monarchy.
查尔斯三世国王是现任君主。名言“君主临朝而不理政”概括了现代君主制的角色。
11. Citizen, Rights and Responsibilities | 公民、权利与责任
A citizen is a legal member of a country, with certain rights and responsibilities. In the UK, citizens have rights such as freedom of speech, the right to a fair trial, and the right to vote. These are protected by laws like the Human Rights Act 1998.
公民是一个国家的合法成员，享有某些权利并承担某些责任。在英国，公民享有言论自由、公平审判权和投票权等权利。这些权利受到1998年《人权法案》等法律的保护。
Responsibilities are duties that citizens should carry out. They include obeying the law, paying taxes, serving on a jury if called, and respecting the rights of others. Being a good citizen means balancing your rights with your duties.
责任是公民应该履行的义务，包括遵守法律、纳税、在接到召唤时担任陪审员，以及尊重他人的权利。做一个好公民意味着在权利和义务之间取得平衡。
12. Local Council | 地方议会
A local council (also called a local authority) is a body that provides services and makes decisions for a specific area, such as a town, city, or county. Councillors are elected by local people to represent their community. Local councils look after things like libraries, waste collection, parks, and planning permission.
地方议会（也称地方政府）是为城镇、城市或郡等特定地区提供服务和决策的机构。地方议员由当地居民选举产生，代表他们的社区。地方议会负责管理图书馆、垃圾收集、公园和规划许可等事务。
Understanding local councils shows that politics is not just about what happens in Westminster; it affects your everyday life, from the state of your local playground to the recycling services in your street.
了解地方议会表明，政治不仅仅是威斯敏斯特发生的事情；它影响着你的日常生活，从当地游乐场的状况到你所在街道的回收服务。
Published by TutorHao | Politics Revision Series | aleveler.com
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