Cambridge Year 7 Chemistry: Key Vocabulary and Terminology Quick Reference | 剑桥七年级化学：核心词汇术语速记指南

📚 Cambridge Year 7 Chemistry: Key Vocabulary and Terminology Quick Reference | 剑桥七年级化学：核心词汇术语速记指南

Mastering chemistry starts with a solid grasp of its language. This guide provides Year 7 Cambridge students with a clear and systematic way to learn and remember essential chemistry terms. Each term is paired with a simple definition and a memory tip to help you build confidence in lessons, homework, and assessments.

掌握化学始于对其语言的扎实理解。本指南为剑桥七年级学生提供了一种清晰系统的方法，帮助他们学习和记忆基本的化学术语。每个术语都配有简单的定义和记忆技巧，帮助你在课堂、作业和考试中建立信心。

1. States of Matter | 物质状态

Everything in the universe is made of matter, and matter exists in three main states. The state depends on how particles are arranged and how they move. Getting these terms right is the first step in understanding physical science.

宇宙中的一切都是由物质构成的，而物质主要以三种状态存在。物质的状态取决于微粒的排列方式和运动方式。正确掌握这些术语是理解物理科学的第一步。

Solid – A state where particles are tightly packed in a fixed arrangement and can only vibrate in place. Solids have a definite shape and volume. Think of ice or a metal block.

固体 – 微粒紧密排列在固定位置上，只能在原地振动的状态。固体有确定的形状和体积。可以想象成冰或金属块。

Liquid – Particles are close together but can slide past each other. Liquids have a fixed volume but take the shape of their container. Water in a glass is a classic example.

液体 – 微粒彼此靠近但能相互滑动。液体有固定的体积，但会呈现容器的形状。玻璃杯中的水就是典型例子。

Gas – Particles are far apart and move rapidly in all directions. Gases have no fixed shape or volume and will spread out to fill any container. Air is a mixture of gases.

气体 – 微粒相距很远，朝各个方向快速运动。气体没有固定的形状和体积，会扩散并充满任何容器。空气是气体的混合物。

Melting is the change from solid to liquid, and freezing is the reverse. Boiling and evaporation both turn a liquid into a gas, but boiling happens throughout the liquid at a specific temperature, while evaporation occurs only at the surface.

熔化是从固体变为液体，而凝固则相反。沸腾和蒸发都将液体变为气体，但沸腾在整个液体中发生，需要一个特定温度，而蒸发仅在液体表面发生。

---

2. Physical and Chemical Changes | 物理变化与化学变化

One of the most important early concepts is telling apart a physical change from a chemical change. A physical change alters appearance but not the substance itself, while a chemical change creates something new. This distinction appears in nearly every topic.

最早最重要的概念之一就是区分物理变化和化学变化。物理变化改变外观但不改变物质本身，而化学变化会生成新物质。这种区别几乎出现在每个课题中。

Physical change – No new substance is made; changes are usually reversible. Examples include melting ice, tearing paper, or dissolving sugar in water. The particles themselves are unchanged.

物理变化 – 没有新物质生成；变化通常是可逆的。例如冰融化、撕破纸张或糖溶于水。微粒本身没有变化。

Chemical change – One or more new substances are formed; often hard to reverse. Signs include a colour change, fizzing (gas produced), a temperature change, or a solid (precipitate) forming. Burning wood and rusting iron are chemical changes.

化学变化 – 生成一种或多种新物质；通常难以逆转。迹象包括颜色变化、冒气泡（产生气体）、温度变化或生成固体（沉淀）。木头燃烧和铁生锈都是化学变化。

Reactant – A substance you start with in a chemical reaction. Product – A substance made by a chemical reaction. In the rusting of iron, iron and oxygen are reactants, and iron oxide is the product.

反应物 – 化学反应开始时的物质。生成物 – 化学反应产生的物质。铁生锈时，铁和氧气是反应物，氧化铁是生成物。

Memory tip: If you can get the original substance back easily (like freezing melted water), it is likely a physical change. If not, it is probably chemical.

记忆技巧：如果你能轻松得到原物质（比如将融化的水重新冰冻），那很可能是物理变化。如果不能，则很可能是化学变化。

---

3. Elements, Compounds and Mixtures | 元素、化合物和混合物

Chemists classify materials into three broad groups based on what they are made of. Knowing these words helps you describe anything from tap water to the air you breathe.

化学家根据物质的组成将其分为三大类。了解这些词汇有助于你描述从自来水到你呼吸的空气等任何东西。

Element – A pure substance made of only one type of atom. Elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. Oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), and carbon (C) are all elements. There are about 118 known elements.

元素 – 只由一种原子组成的纯净物。元素不能通过化学方法分解成更简单的物质。氧（O）、氢（H）和碳（C）都是元素。目前已知大约有 118 种元素。

Compound – A pure substance made of two or more different elements chemically bonded together. Compounds have a fixed composition and properties different from the elements they contain. Water (H₂O) is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen; carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a compound of carbon and oxygen.

化合物 – 由两种或多种不同元素通过化学键结合而成的纯净物。化合物有固定的组成，其性质与组成它的元素不同。水（H₂O）是氢和氧的化合物；二氧化碳（CO₂）是碳和氧的化合物。

Mixture – Two or more substances (elements or compounds) that are physically mixed but not chemically joined. Mixtures can be separated by physical methods such as filtering or distillation. Air, seawater, and soil are mixtures.

混合物 – 两种或多种物质（元素或化合物）物理混合在一起，但没有化学结合。混合物可以通过物理方法分离，如过滤或蒸馏。空气、海水和土壤都是混合物。

A useful way to remember: elements are like single letters, compounds are like words made from fixed combinations of letters, and mixtures are like a bag of scrabble tiles you can pick apart.

一个有用的记忆方法：元素就像单个字母，化合物就像由固定字母组合构成的单词，而混合物就像一袋可以随意拆开的拼字块。

---

4. The Periodic Table Basics | 元素周期表基础

The periodic table is the chemist’s map. Year 7 students are expected to know how elements are arranged and what the words ‘period’ and ‘group’ mean. Start by learning the layout and a few key families.

元素周期表是化学家的地图。七年级学生需要了解元素是如何排列的，以及“周期”和“族”这两个词的含义。先学习排布方式以及几个关键家族。

Periodic table – A chart in which elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, in rows and columns, so that elements with similar properties appear in the same vertical column.

元素周期表 – 一个将所有元素按照原子序数递增的顺序排列成行和列的图表，使得性质相似的元素出现在同一纵列中。

Group – A vertical column in the periodic table. Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons in their outer shell. Group 1 elements are the alkali metals, Group 7 are the halogens, and Group 0 (or 8) are the noble gases.

族 – 元素周期表中的纵列。同一族的元素具有相似的化学性质，因为它们最外层电子数相同。第 1 族是碱金属，第 7 族是卤素，第 0 族（或第 8 族）是稀有气体。

Period – A horizontal row in the periodic table. As you move across a period, the properties of elements change gradually. The period number tells you how many electron shells an atom has.

周期 – 元素周期表中的横行。当你沿周期从左到右移动时，元素的性质会逐渐变化。周期数表示原子拥有的电子层数。

Metal – Elements that are typically shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, and ductile. Most elements are metals and they are found on the left side of the periodic table. Non-metal – Elements that are usually dull, poor conductors, and brittle when solid. Non-metals are found on the right side.

金属 – 通常具有光泽、是热和电的良导体、有延展性和可锻性的元素。大多数元素是金属，位于周期表的左侧。非金属 – 通常暗淡无光、是热和电的不良导体、固态时易碎的元素。非金属位于周期表的右侧。

---

5. Atoms and Molecules | 原子与分子

To speak the language of chemistry, you must be comfortable with the invisible building blocks. These terms are used in every topic from bonding to reactions.

要掌握化学的语言，你必须熟悉这些看不见的构建模块。从化学键到化学反应，每个课题都会用到这些术语。

Atom – The smallest particle of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction. Atoms are extremely small and consist of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. Each element has a unique atom.

原子 – 元素能参与化学反应的最小微粒。原子非常微小，由一个包含质子和中子的原子核以及围绕它的电子组成。每种元素都有独特的原子。

Molecule – Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. A molecule can be made of the same type of atoms (like O₂, an oxygen molecule) or different atoms (like H₂O, a water molecule). The term ‘molecule’ is often used for covalently bonded particles.

分子 – 两个或多个通过化学键结合在一起的原子。分子可以由同种原子构成（如 O₂，氧分子），也可以由不同原子构成（如 H₂O，水分子）。“分子”一词通常指共价键合的微粒。

Ion – A charged particle formed when an atom or group of atoms gains or loses electrons. A positive ion (cation) forms when electrons are lost; a negative ion (anion) forms when electrons are gained. This will be developed further in later years, but recognising the word is useful in Year 7.

离子 – 原子或原子团得到或失去电子后形成的带电粒子。失去电子时形成正离子（阳离子）；得到电子时形成负离子（阴离子）。虽然离子在更高年级才会深入学习，但在七年级认识这个词很有帮助。

Mnemonics help: ‘Atom’ starts with ‘A’ for ‘Alone’ (single particle of an element). ‘Molecule’ shares sounds with ‘multiple’ – many atoms bonded together.

助记法有帮助：“原子（Atom）”以“A”开头，联想到“Alone（单独的）”——元素的最小粒子。“分子（Molecule）”的发音与“multiple（多个）”相似——许多原子结合在一起。

---

6. Common Laboratory Equipment | 常见实验器材

Practical work is at the heart of Cambridge science. You need to name apparatus correctly and know what each piece is used for. This vocabulary often appears in exam questions about experiments.

实验操作是剑桥科学的核心。你需要正确命名实验器材，并知道每件器材的用途。这些词汇经常出现在关于实验的考题中。

Beaker – A wide, cylindrical glass container used for holding, mixing, and heating liquids. It has a lip for pouring and is not used for precise measurement.

烧杯 – 一种宽口圆柱形玻璃容器，用于盛放、混合和加热液体。它有一个倾倒嘴，不用于精确测量。

Conical flask (Erlenmeyer flask) – A flask with a flat bottom, a conical body, and a narrow neck. Useful for swirling liquids without spilling and for collecting gases.

锥形瓶（三角烧瓶） – 底部平坦、瓶身呈锥形、瓶颈较窄的烧瓶。适合用来摇晃液体而不溅出，也用于收集气体。

Measuring cylinder – A tall, narrow cylinder marked with a scale, used to measure liquid volumes reasonably accurately. Read the bottom of the meniscus at eye level.

量筒 – 一种带有刻度的细高圆筒，用于较准确地测量液体体积。读数时视线应与液面凹液面最低处水平。

Bunsen burner – A gas burner that produces a single open flame, used for heating. The blue, roaring flame is the hottest; the yellow, safety flame is visible and cooler.

本生灯 – 产生单一明火的气体燃烧器，用于加热。蓝色轰鸣火焰温度最高；黄色安全火焰可见且温度较低。

Funnel, filter paper, test tube, tripod, gauze, heatproof mat – These are all part of the basic filtration and heating setup. Knowing their names and uses will make practical instructions much easier to understand.

漏斗、滤纸、试管、三脚架、石棉网、耐热垫 – 这些都是基本过滤和加热装置的一部分。知道它们的名称和用途会让实验指导更容易理解。

---

7. Separation Techniques | 分离技术

Year 7 students study how to separate mixtures using physical methods. Each technique targets a specific physical property. The terms below are often tested in the context of describing a method step by step.

七年级学生学习如何使用物理方法分离混合物。每种技术都针对某种特定的物理性质。下面的术语经常在分步描述方法的题目中被考核。

Filtration – Used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid. The mixture is poured through filter paper in a funnel; the solid stays on the paper (residue) and the liquid passes through (filtrate).

过滤 – 用于将不溶性固体从液体中分离出来。混合物通过漏斗中的滤纸倾倒；固体留在滤纸上（滤渣），液体则通过（滤液）。

Evaporation – Used to separate a soluble solid from a solution by heating the solution until the liquid evaporates and only the solid remains. Suitable when the solid does not decompose on heating.

蒸发 – 通过加热溶液使液体蒸发，只留下固体的方法来分离可溶性固体。适用于固体在加热时不分解的情况。

Distillation – Separates a solvent from a solution by boiling and then condensing the vapour back into a liquid. Simple distillation is used when you want to collect the liquid (e.g., pure water from salt water).

蒸馏 – 通过煮沸溶液然后将蒸汽冷凝回液体来分离溶剂的方法。简单蒸馏用于收集液体（例如从盐水中得到纯水）。

Chromatography – A technique for separating dissolved substances (solutes) that move at different rates through a medium. Often used to separate coloured dyes or inks. The pattern produced is called a chromatogram.

色谱法 – 一种利用溶解物质在介质中移动速度不同来分离物质的技术。常用于分离有色染料或墨水。产生的图案称为色谱图。

Link each word to its property: filtration depends on particle size, evaporation and distillation on boiling points, chromatography on solubility. This deepens understanding beyond just memorising labels.

将每个词与其性质联系起来：过滤依赖于颗粒大小，蒸发和蒸馏依赖于沸点，色谱法依赖于溶解度。这能加深理解，而不仅仅是记住名称。

---

8. Acids and Alkalis | 酸与碱

Acids and alkalis are everyday chemicals, from vinegar to soap. Year 7 introduces the pH scale and simple indicators. Learn the vocabulary so you can talk safely and accurately about these substances.

酸和碱是日常化学物质，从醋到肥皂都有它们的身影。七年级课程引入 pH 标度和简单指示剂。学习这些词汇，你就能安全准确地讨论这些物质。

Acid – A substance that has a pH less than 7 and turns blue litmus paper red. Acids taste sour (but never taste in the lab) and can be corrosive. Examples: hydrochloric acid, lemon juice.

酸 – pH 小于 7 的物质，能使蓝色石蕊试纸变红。酸有酸味（但绝对不能在实验室品尝），可能具有腐蚀性。例如：盐酸、柠檬汁。

Alkali – A soluble base; a substance that has a pH greater than 7 and turns red litmus paper blue. Alkalis feel soapy and can be corrosive. Examples: sodium hydroxide, soap solution.

碱 – 可溶性碱；pH 大于 7 的物质，能使红色石蕊试纸变蓝。碱摸起来有滑腻感，可能具有腐蚀性。例如：氢氧化钠、肥皂水。

Neutral – A substance with a pH of 7, which is neither acidic nor alkaline. Pure water is neutral. Indicator – A chemical that changes colour in acids and alkalis. Litmus is a common indicator; universal indicator shows a range of colours to estimate pH.

中性 – pH 为 7 的物质，既不是酸性也不是碱性。纯水是中性的。指示剂 – 在酸和碱中会变色的一种化学物质。石蕊是常见的指示剂；通用指示剂能显示一系列颜色来估算 pH。

Neutralisation – The reaction between an acid and an alkali that produces a salt and water. This is a key chemical reaction that you will revisit many times: acid + alkali → salt + water.

中和 – 酸与碱反应生成盐和水的反应。这是一个你还会多次遇到的关键化学反应：酸 + 碱 → 盐 + 水。

---

9. Chemical Reactions Vocabulary | 化学反应词汇

When describing what happens in a test tube, you need precise words. Examiners expect students to use terms like ‘fizzing’, ‘precipitate’ and ‘exothermic’ correctly. These words bring your observations to life and show real understanding.

在描述试管中发生的现象时，你需要使用精确的词汇。考官期望学生能正确使用“冒泡”、“沉淀”和“放热”等术语。这些词汇能让你的观察描述生动起来，并体现真正的理解。

Fizzing / Effervescence – Bubbles of gas being produced rapidly in a liquid. This often signals that carbon dioxide, hydrogen, or oxygen is being made. Use ‘effervescence’ in written answers to sound more scientific.

冒泡/泡腾 – 液体中快速产生气泡的现象。这常表明正在生成二氧化碳、氢气或氧气。在书面答案中使用“泡腾”听起来更科学。

Precipitate – An insoluble solid that forms when two solutions are mixed. You might see a cloudy suspension or a solid settling at the bottom. Precipitation reactions are a type of double displacement reaction.

沉淀 – 两种溶液混合时生成的不溶性固体。你可能会看到浑浊的悬浮液或固体沉降在底部。沉淀反应是复分解反应的一种。

Exothermic reaction – A reaction that releases energy, usually making the surroundings feel warmer. Combustion and neutralisation are exothermic. Endothermic reaction – A reaction that absorbs energy, causing the surroundings to cool down. Dissolving some salts in water can be endothermic.

放热反应 – 释放能量的反应，通常使周围环境变暖。燃烧和中和反应是放热反应。吸热反应 – 吸收能量的反应，导致周围环境变冷。某些盐溶于水可能是吸热的。

Word equation – A simple way to summarise a reaction using the names of reactants and products, separated by an arrow. For example: magnesium + oxygen → magnesium oxide. Learning to write word equations is a core skill.

文字方程式 – 用反应物和生成物的名称以及箭头来概括反应的一种简单方式。例如：镁 + 氧气 → 氧化镁。学会写文字方程式是一项核心技能。

---

10. Key Verbs for Experiments | 实验关键动词

Practical write-ups and exam questions often use command words that tell you exactly what to do. Misunderstanding these can cost marks. Master the verbs along with the scientific vocabulary.

实验报告和考题经常使用指令词，告诉你要做什么。误解这些词可能会丢分。在掌握科学词汇的同时，也要掌握这些动词。

Measure – To find a physical quantity using an instrument, such as measuring volume with a measuring cylinder or temperature with a thermometer. Always mention the unit (cm³, °C, g).

测量 – 使用仪器找到某个物理量，例如用量筒测量体积或用温度计测量温度。始终要提及单位（cm³、°C、g）。

Observe – To use your senses (mainly sight, sometimes hearing or smell) to gather information. Observations include colour changes, bubbling, or a solid appearing. Do not confuse observation with inference (explaining why).

观察 – 用你的感官（主要是视觉，有时是听觉或嗅觉）收集信息。观察结果包括颜色变化、冒泡或固体出现。不要将观察与推断（解释原因）混淆。

Describe – To say what happens in detail. If asked to ‘describe the trend’, you should state exactly how something changes (e.g., ‘as temperature increases, the mass decreases’).

描述 – 详细说明发生了什么。如果要求“描述趋势”，你应该准确说明某事物如何变化（例如，“随着温度升高，质量减少”）。

Explain – To give reasons for why something happens using scientific ideas. Answers should link observations to particle theory, energy, or bonding concepts. This is a higher-level skill that builds on good vocabulary knowledge.

解释 – 用科学概念说明某事发生的原因。答案应将观察结果与粒子理论、能量或化学键概念联系起来。这是一项建立在良好词汇知识之上的高阶技能。

---

11. Quick Memory Boosters | 快速记忆技巧

Building a strong vocabulary is easier with active recall. Try these methods daily to fix the terms in your long-term memory.

通过主动回忆，建立扎实的词汇量会更容易。每天尝试这些方法，将术语牢牢固定在长期记忆中。

• Create flashcards with the term on one side and the definition plus a small diagram on the other. Quiz yourself for 10 minutes each day.

  制作抽认卡，一面写术语，另一面写定义并画一个小图。每天自测 10 分钟。

• Use the word in a sentence out loud. For example, ‘In filtration, the insoluble solid is collected as the residue.’ Speaking reinforces memory.

  大声用该词造句。例如，“在过滤中，不溶性固体作为滤渣被收集起来。”说出来能强化记忆。

• Group terms by topic and draw a concept map. Linking ‘acid’ to ‘pH’, ‘indicator’, and ‘neutralisation’ shows how ideas connect.

  按主题将术语分组并绘制概念图。将“酸”与“pH”、“指示剂”和“中和”联系起来，展示概念之间的关联。

---

12. Putting It All Together | 综合运用

Chemistry vocabulary is not a list to memorise and forget. It is a toolkit you will use again and again. When you read a question, underline the keywords and say their meanings in your head before you answer. For instance, if you see ‘distillate’, think of the pure liquid collected; if you see ‘residue’, picture the solid left behind on filter paper. This habit trains you to think scientifically and boosts your confidence in exams.

化学词汇不是一个背诵后就忘记的清单，而是一个你会反复使用的工具箱。读题时，在关键词下面划线，并在脑中说出它们的含义再作答。例如，看到“馏出液”，就想到收集到的纯液体；看到“滤渣”，就想象留在滤纸上的固体。这个习惯能训练你科学地思考，并在考试中增强信心。

Published by TutorHao | Chemistry Revision Series | aleveler.com

更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）