Case Study: Charity Event Data Analysis | 案例分析：慈善活动数据分析

📚 Case Study: Charity Event Data Analysis | 案例分析：慈善活动数据分析

In this practical case study, we follow a Year 7 class as they carry out a full statistical investigation. They plan a charity fundraising event for their school and need to make decisions based on data. We will explore how to design a survey, collect data, organise it, create charts, calculate averages and the range, and finally interpret the findings. This step-by-step project mirrors exactly what the AQA statistics syllabus expects at Key Stage 3 and will help you gain confidence in handling real data.

在本实践案例研究中，我们跟随一个七年级班级完成一次完整的统计调查。他们计划为学校举办一场慈善募捐活动，需要根据数据做出决策。我们将探索如何设计问卷、收集数据、整理数据、绘制图表、计算平均数和极差，并最终解释结果。这个逐步推进的项目完全对应AQA关键阶段3统计大纲的要求，将帮助你增强处理真实数据的信心。

1. Setting the Scene | 情景设定

Year 7 students want to raise money for a local animal shelter. The student council suggests a charity event but cannot decide which type of event will attract the most support and donations. They decide to ask a sample of 30 students from Year 7 two key questions: ‘Which charity event do you prefer?’ and ‘How much money (in whole pounds) would you be willing to donate?’ The events to choose from are Talent Show, Sports Day, Bake Sale and Games Day.

七年级学生想为本地的动物收容所筹集善款。学生会提议举办一场慈善活动，但无法决定哪种类型的活动最能吸引支持和捐款。他们决定抽样调查30名七年级学生，提出两个关键问题：“你最喜欢哪种慈善活动？”和“你愿意捐款多少英镑（整数）？”。可选活动包括才艺秀、体育日、烘焙义卖和游戏日。

2. The Statistical Questions | 统计问题

Before collecting data, it is essential to frame clear statistical questions. The class agrees on two: (1) What is the most popular charity event among Year 7 students? (2) What is the typical donation amount students are willing to give? These questions can be answered using categorical and numerical data, respectively, and they will guide the whole investigation.

在收集数据之前，明确界定统计问题至关重要。全班同意两个问题：(1) 七年级学生中最受欢迎的慈善活动是什么？(2) 学生愿意捐款的典型金额是多少？这两个问题分别可以用分类数据和数值数据来回答，并将指导整个调查过程。

3. Data Collection Plan | 数据收集计划

The students design a simple paper questionnaire. For Question 1, respondents tick one box from the four event options. For Question 2, they write a whole number between £1 and £5. The plan is to survey 30 Year 7 students during form time, ensuring anonymity to encourage honest answers. The teacher approves the plan and reminds the class to avoid leading questions.

学生们设计了一份简单的纸质问卷。对于问题1，受访者从四个活动选项中勾选一项。对于问题2，他们写出1到5英镑之间的整数。计划在班会时间调查30名七年级学生，并确保匿名以鼓励诚实回答。老师批准了计划，并提醒全班避免使用诱导性问题。

4. The Raw Data | 原始数据

Below is the raw data collected from 30 students. Each row shows a student number, their preferred event and their stated donation in pounds.

以下是从30名学生收集的原始数据。每一行显示学生编号、他们偏好的活动以及他们声明的捐款金额（英镑）。

The table gives us 30 data points for each variable. We can see the event choices are words (categories) while donations are numbers, so they need different types of analysis.

该表格为我们提供了每个变量的30个数据点。我们可以看到，活动选择是词语（类别），而捐款是数字，因此它们需要不同类型的分析。

5. Organising Categorical Data: Frequency Table | 整理分类数据：频数表

To make sense of the event preferences, we first count how many students chose each option. This is called a frequency table. The frequency column tells us the number of students for each event.

为了理解活动偏好，我们首先统计每个选项有多少学生选择。这就是频数表。频数列告诉我们每种活动的学生人数。