Case Study in Action: Building a Rock-Paper-Scissors Game | 案例分析实战演练：构建石头剪刀布游戏

📚 Case Study in Action: Building a Rock-Paper-Scissors Game | 案例分析实战演练：构建石头剪刀布游戏

In this article, we will work through a practical case study: developing a simple Rock-Paper-Scissors game. You will apply core computational thinking skills—decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction, and algorithm design—to solve this programming challenge step by step. This hands-on exercise is designed for Year 7 students following the SQA Computing Science curriculum, helping you strengthen your problem-solving abilities and prepare for future coding projects.

在本文中，我们将完成一个实际案例研究：开发一个简单的石头剪刀布游戏。你将运用核心的计算思维技能——分解、模式识别、抽象和算法设计——逐步解决这一编程挑战。这个动手练习专为学习 SQA 计算科学课程的七年级学生设计，帮助你增强问题解决能力，为未来的编程项目做好准备。

1. Understanding the Problem | 理解问题

The game of Rock-Paper-Scissors involves two players who simultaneously choose one of three shapes: rock, paper, or scissors. The winner is determined by the rules: rock crushes scissors, scissors cut paper, and paper covers rock. If both choose the same shape, the round is a draw. In our case study, one player is the human user and the other is the computer, which will make a random choice.

石头剪刀布游戏涉及两名玩家同时选择三种形状之一：石头、剪刀或布。胜负由规则决定：石头赢剪刀，剪刀赢布，布赢石头。如果双方选择相同，则为平局。在我们的案例中，一名玩家是人类用户，另一名是计算机会做出随机选择的电脑。

We need to create a program that asks the user for their choice, generates a random choice for the computer, compares them according to the rules, and announces the result. This sounds simple, but we must break it down carefully to code it correctly.

我们需要创建一个程序，询问用户的选择，为电脑生成一个随机选择，根据规则进行比较，并宣布结果。这听起来简单，但我们必须仔细分解才能正确地编写代码。

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2. Decomposition – Breaking Down the Task | 分解——拆分任务

Decomposition means dividing a complex problem into smaller, manageable parts. For our game, we can identify these sub‑tasks:

分解是指将一个复杂问题分割成更小、更易管理的部分。对于我们的游戏，我们可以识别出以下子任务：

– Getting the player’s input and checking it is valid (rock, paper, or scissors).

– 获取玩家的输入并检查其是否有效（石头、剪刀或布）。

– Generating a random choice for the computer.

– 为电脑生成一个随机选择。

– Comparing the two choices and applying the rules to decide the winner.

– 比较两个选择并应用规则来决定胜者。

– Displaying the result clearly to the user.

– 将结果清楚地显示给用户。

– Optionally, asking the player if they want to play again.

– 可选地，询问玩家是否想再玩一次。

By splitting the work, each piece becomes easier to design and test independently.

通过拆分任务，每个部分都变得更容易独立设计和测试。

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3. Pattern Recognition – Spotting Similarities | 模式识别——发现相似之处

Pattern recognition involves looking for similarities or trends that can help us simplify the solution. In Rock‑Paper‑Scissors, we notice several patterns:

模式识别包括寻找可以帮助我们简化解决方案的相似性或趋势。在石头剪刀布中，我们注意到几个模式：

– The comparison logic follows a fixed set of conditions: rock beats scissors, scissors beat paper, paper beats rock. These are only three winning combinations out of nine possible pairings.

– 比较逻辑遵循一组固定的条件：石头赢剪刀，剪刀赢布，布赢石头。在九种可能的配对中，只有三种获胜组合。

– The computer’s move is always random, so we can reuse the random‑generation code every round.

– 电脑的出招总是随机的，因此每轮我们都可以重复使用随机生成代码。

– The structure of asking for input, processing, and giving output is a common pattern in many programs.

– 请求输入、处理并给出输出的结构是许多程序中的常见模式。

Recognising these patterns helps us avoid writing unnecessary code and makes the algorithm more efficient.

识别这些模式有助于我们避免编写不必要的代码，并使算法更高效。

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4. Abstraction – Focusing on What Matters | 抽象——关注重要细节

Abstraction means simplifying the problem by ignoring irrelevant details and focusing on the essential features. In our game design:

抽象意味着通过忽略不相关的细节并关注基本特征来简化问题。在我们的游戏设计中：

– We represent the three shapes as numbers or strings (e.g., 1 for rock, 2 for paper, 3 for scissors) to make comparison easier in code.

– 我们将三种形状表示为数字或字符串（例如，1 代表石头，2 代表布，

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