Case Study Practical Exercises in Philosophy | 哲学案例分析实战演练

📚 Case Study Practical Exercises in Philosophy | 哲学案例分析实战演练

Philosophy is not just about reading old books and memorising names. It is a living practice of thinking clearly, asking deep questions, and testing ideas through real-world examples. In this article, we will explore a series of case studies designed to sharpen your philosophical skills. Each scenario invites you to examine a moral or conceptual puzzle, weigh different perspectives, and build a reasoned conclusion. This hands-on approach is exactly what Year 7 OCR Philosophy encourages — turning you into an active, reflective thinker ready to engage with the big questions of life.

哲学不只是阅读古籍和记住人名。它是一种活跃的思考实践：清晰地思考、提出深刻的问题，并通过现实案例检验思想。在这篇文章中，我们将探索一系列案例分析，旨在磨砺你的哲学技能。每个情境都邀请你审视一个道德或概念谜题，权衡不同视角，并构建一个有理由支撑的结论。这种动手实践的方式正是七年级OCR哲学课程所鼓励的——帮助你变成积极、反思的思想者，准备好面对人生的大问题。

1. What is a Philosophical Case Study? | 什么是哲学案例分析？

A philosophical case study is like a puzzle for your mind. Instead of simply memorising facts, you are invited to think deeply about a moral or conceptual question. You are given a short story or scenario that highlights a dilemma or challenge, and your job is to explore different perspectives, ask “why” and “what if”, and support your reasoning with clear arguments. In Year 7 Philosophy, we use case studies to practise skills such as critical thinking, empathy, and fair analysis.

哲学案例分析就像是大脑的拼图游戏。与单纯记忆事实不同，它邀请你深入思考一个道德或概念性问题。你会得到一个简短的故事或情境，其中突出了一个困境或挑战，而你的任务是探索不同的视角，追问”为什么”和”如果……会怎样”，并用清晰的论证支持你的推理。在七年级哲学课程中，我们通过案例分析来练习批判性思维、同理心和公正分析等技能。

This approach helps you become an active thinker, not a passive learner. By wrestling with dilemmas, you discover that philosophy is everywhere — in the playground, at home, and online.

这种方法帮助你成为一个主动的思考者，而不是被动的学习者。通过与困境角力，你会发现哲学无处不在——在操场上、在家里、在网络中。

2. The Case of Sharing Toys | 分享玩具的案例

Imagine you have just received a special toy — a remote-controlled car. Your best friend, Alex, comes over and really wants to play with it. You haven’t even played with it yourself yet. You feel you should be the first one to enjoy it. But you also know Alex would be sad if you say no. What is the fair thing to do?

想象你刚刚得到了一个特别的玩具——一辆遥控汽车。你最好的朋友Alex来你家，非常想玩它。你自己甚至都还没玩过。你觉得你应该第一个享受它。但你也知道，如果你拒绝，Alex会很难过。怎样做才是公平的呢？

Is it fair to keep the toy all to yourself? Does friendship require you to share, even when you don’t want to? Are property rights more important than being generous? Some thinkers, like John Locke, emphasise natural rights to property — you own it, you decide. Others, such as Aristotle, might say that being a good friend means practising virtue, which includes generosity. Exploring this case helps you see that morality often involves balancing personal rights with caring for others.

把玩具全部留给自己是公平的吗？友谊是否要求你分享，即使你不愿意？财产权是否比慷慨更重要？一些思想家，如约翰·洛克，强调自然的财产权——你拥有它，你就决定。另一些人，如亚里士多德，可能会说做一个好朋友意味着践行美德，其中就包括慷慨。探索这个案例帮助你看到，道德往往需要在个人权利和关爱他人之间取得平衡。

Try to write down three reasons to share and three reasons not to share, then consider which reasons are stronger.

尝试写下三条该分享的理由和三条不该分享的理由，然后思考哪一方的理由更有力。

3. The White Lie | 善意谎言

Your friend Jamie has just had a haircut and asks, “Do you like my new hairstyle?” You actually think it looks terrible, but you don’t want to hurt Jamie’s feelings. Should you tell the truth or tell a “white lie”?

朋友Jamie刚剪了头发，问你：”你喜欢我的新发型吗？”你其实觉得很难看，但不想伤害Jamie的感情。你应该说真话还是说一个”善意的谎言”？

Is lying always wrong, or can it be morally acceptable to avoid causing unnecessary pain? Philosophers such as Immanuel Kant argued that lying is never morally justified because it violates the moral law. On the other hand, utilitarians like John Stuart Mill might say that the morally right action is the one that produces the greatest overall happiness — and if a lie makes your friend happier and harms no one, perhaps it is acceptable. This case reveals a deep tension between duty-based ethics and consequence-based ethics. As a young philosopher, you can examine which approach feels more convincing.

说谎总是错的吗？还是可以出于避免造成不必要的痛苦而在道德上被接受？哲学家如伊曼努尔·康德主张，说谎在道德上从来不被允许，因为它违反了道德律。另一方面，功利主义者如约翰·斯图尔特·密尔可能会说，道德上正确的行为是产生最多总体幸福的行为——如果谎言让你的朋友更快乐且不伤害任何人，或许它是可以接受的。这个案例揭示了义务论伦理学与后果论伦理学之间的深层张力。作为一个年轻的哲学家，你可以检验哪种方法更令人信服。

4. The School Uniform Rule | 校服规则

At school, there is a uniform policy. You must wear a blazer, tie, and specific trousers or skirt. You find this boring and believe that your clothes express your personality. However, the school says uniforms create a sense of community and equality. Should you follow the rule without question or actively protest for more freedom of choice?

学校有校服制度，你必须穿西装外套、打领带、穿特定的裤子或裙子。你觉得这很无趣，并且相信你的着装表达你的个性。然而，学校认为校服能营造社区感和平等。你应该毫无质疑地遵守规则，还是积极争取更多的选择自由？

This invites you to think about the concept of freedom versus authority. The social contract theory, discussed by philosophers like Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, suggests that individuals give up some freedoms in exchange for the benefits of living in a society. Is wearing what you want a freedom that can be given up for the greater good? John Stuart Mill’s harm principle might argue that your clothing choice does not harm anyone directly, so the school should not restrict it. But others might counter that uniforms prevent bullying based on clothes, thus preventing harm.

这邀请你思考自由与权威的对立概念。由哲学家如托马斯·霍布斯和让-雅克·卢梭讨论的社会契约论指出，个人为了换取生活在社会中的好处而放弃一些自由。穿衣自由是否是可以为了更大的善而放弃的自由？约翰·斯图尔特·密尔的伤害原则可能会认为，你的着装选择并没有直接伤害任何人，所以学校不应限制它。但其他人可能会反驳，校服可以防止因穿着而受到欺凌，从而防止伤害。

5. Animals in the Zoo | 动物园里的动物

When you visit the zoo, you see lions,

Published by TutorHao | Year 7 哲学 Revision Series | aleveler.com

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