📚 Quick Guide to Memorising Physics Vocabulary for Year 7 CAIE | Year 7 CAIE 物理：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering the key terms in Year 7 Physics is not about memorising long, dull lists. Once you spot patterns, link words to vivid images, and practise in short bursts, the vocabulary sticks naturally. This guide walks you through proven techniques and the essential words you will encounter in your CAIE course, side by side in English and Chinese, so you can build confidence quickly.
掌握七年级物理的关键术语，并不是要死记硬背冗长的单词表。一旦你发现规律，把词语和生动的画面联系起来，再用短时间反复练习，这些词汇就会自然而然地印在脑子里。这份指南将带你了解经过验证的记忆技巧，并梳理你在 CAIE 课程中会遇到的核心词汇，中英对照，帮你快速建立信心。
1. Start with the Big Ideas | 先抓住大概念
Before you dive into individual words, ask yourself what the topic is really about. For example, ‘forces’ is about pushes and pulls that change motion. ‘Energy’ is about the ability to make things happen. When you understand this, terms like ‘friction’ or ‘kinetic’ become part of a story, not random labels. Try to explain the main idea of each chapter in one sentence in your own words.
在你逐个记忆单词之前，先问问自己这个主题到底讲什么。比如“力”是关于改变运动的推和拉，“能量”是让事情发生的能力。有了这样的理解之后，“摩擦力”或“动能”这些词就会变成一个故事的一部分，而不是孤零零的标签。试着用你自己的话，用一句话概括每一章的核心意思。
2. Break Words Down with Roots | 用词根拆解单词
Many physics terms borrow from Latin and Greek. Once you know a few common roots, you can guess meanings. ‘Therm’ means heat, so ‘thermometer’ is a heat measurer. ‘Photo’ means light, so ‘photon’ is a particle of light. ‘Kilo’ means thousand, so a kilogram is a thousand grams. Make a mini dictionary of roots as you learn new words.
很多物理术语来自拉丁语和希腊语。一旦掌握几个常见词根，你就能猜出意思。“Therm”表示热，所以“thermometer”（温度计）就是测量热的仪器。“Photo”表示光，“photon”（光子）就是光的粒子。“Kilo”表示千，所以“kilogram”（千克）就是一千克。学习新单词时，可以制作一本小小的词根词典。
- therm- : heat (热)
- photo- : light (光)
- kilo- : thousand (千)
- micro- : very small (微小)
- graph- : to write or record (记录)
3. Turn Words into Pictures | 把文字变成画面
Your brain remembers images far better than abstract letters. For ‘condensation’, picture water droplets forming on a cold glass. For ‘parallel circuit’, imagine separate lanes on a road where each car can go its own way. For ‘pivot’, visualise a seesaw moving around its fixed centre. Create a quick sketch in your notebook every time you meet a new term; the act of drawing cements the meaning.
大脑对图像的记忆远胜于抽象的文字。看到“condensation”（凝结），就想象水珠在冰冷的玻璃杯外形成。看到“parallel circuit”（并联电路），就想象马路上的独立车道，每辆车可以走自己的路线。看到“pivot”（支点），就想象跷跷板绕着固定的中心转动。每遇到一个新术语，在笔记本上快速画个草图，画的过程就能把意思固定下来。
4. Use Flashcards the Smart Way | 巧用闪卡
Flashcards are great, but only if you use them with spaced repetition. Write the English term on one side and the Chinese meaning with a simple picture on the other. Review them three times: after ten minutes, after one day, and after one week. Move cards you get right into a ‘done’ pile, but keep the tricky ones in daily rotation. You can also add a sentence that uses the word in a physics context.
闪卡很有用，但前提是你要配合间隔复习。一面写上英文术语，另一面写上中文意思并配一幅简单的图。复习三次：十分钟后一次，一天后一次，一周后一次。把答对的卡移进“已完成”堆，但把难的卡留在每天轮换里。你还可以在卡上加入一个在物理情境中使用该词的句子。
| Term (术语) | Flashcard Clue (闪卡提示) |
|---|---|
| acceleration | Getting faster 🚀 + picture of a car speeding up |
| conductor | Lets electricity through ⚡ + drawing of a copper wire |
| evaporation | Liquid turning into vapour ☀️ + puddle disappearing in the sun |
4. Group Words into Families | 把词汇归类成家族
Instead of learning words randomly, put them into logical groups. For instance, all terms about ‘motion’ can go together: speed, distance, time, acceleration, stationary. All terms about ‘electricity’ belong to another family: current, voltage, circuit, conductor, insulator. Create a mind map with the topic in the centre and branches for each related word. This helps your brain see connections and reduce the feeling of overload.
不要零散地学习单词，而是把它们放进有逻辑的组里。比如，“运动”类的所有术语可以放在一起：速度、距离、时间、加速度、静止。“电学”类的术语属于另一个家族：电流、电压、电路、导体、绝缘体。画一张思维导图，把主题放在中心，每个相关单词作为一个分支。这能帮助大脑看见联系，减少不知所措的感觉。
5. Motion and Forces Vocabulary | 运动与力的词汇
Key terms you need to know: Force – a push or pull; Friction – a force that opposes motion; Gravity – the pull of the Earth on objects; Mass – the amount of matter (in kg); Weight – the force of gravity on mass (in N). Remember: mass does not change, but weight can change depending on where you are in the universe.
你需要掌握的关键术语：Force（力）——推或拉的作用；Friction（摩擦力）——阻碍运动的力；Gravity（重力）——地球对物体的吸引；Mass（质量）——物质的多少（单位千克）；Weight（重量）——重力作用于质量的力（单位牛顿）。要记住：质量不会变，但重量会根据你在宇宙中的位置而改变。
Speed is the distance travelled in a certain time. The formula is:
速率是一定时间内走过的距离。公式为：
speed = distance ÷ time
Acceleration means any change in speed or direction. A car moving at a steady speed in a straight line has zero acceleration.
加速度表示速度或方向的任何变化。一辆汽车匀速直线行驶时，加速度为零。
6. Energy and Heat Vocabulary | 能量与热的词汇
Energy is measured in joules (J). Kinetic energy is the energy of movement. Potential energy is stored energy, like a ball held up high. Thermal energy is heat energy. The law of conservation of energy says energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred. Conduction is heat moving through solids, convection through liquids and gases, and radiation can travel through empty space.
能量以焦耳（J）为单位。Kinetic energy（动能）是运动的能量。Potential energy（势能）是储存的能量，比如举高的球。Thermal energy（热能）就是热量。能量守恒定律指出能量不能凭空产生或消失，只能转移。Conduction（传导）是热量通过固体传递，convection（对流）通过液体和气体传递，而radiation（辐射）可以在真空中传播。
7. Electricity and Magnetism Vocabulary | 电与磁的词汇
An electric current is a flow of charges, measured in amperes (A). Voltage (V) is the push that drives the current. Resistance (Ω) is how much a component resists the current. A series circuit has only one path; if one bulb breaks, all go out. A parallel circuit has separate branches, so each bulb works independently. For magnetism: poles are the ends of a magnet, like poles repel, unlike poles attract. An electromagnet is a coil of wire that becomes magnetic when current flows.
Electric current（电流）是电荷的流动，单位安培（A）。Voltage（电压，单位V）是推动电流的“推力”。Resistance（电阻，单位Ω）表示元件对电流的阻碍程度。Series circuit（串联电路）只有一条路径，一个灯泡坏了，所有灯泡都熄灭。Parallel circuit（并联电路）有独立的分支，每个灯泡可以独立工作。磁学方面：Poles（磁极）是磁铁的两端，同极相斥，异极相吸。Electromagnet（电磁铁）是一个线圈，通电后产生磁性。
8. Matter and Materials Vocabulary | 物质与材料的词汇
Matter exists in three main states: solid, liquid and gas. The particle model explains that all matter is made of tiny particles in constant motion. In solids, particles are tightly packed and vibrate; in liquids, they slide past each other; in gases, they move freely. Diffusion is the spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration. Density is mass per unit volume.
物质主要有三种状态：Solid（固体）、Liquid（液体）和Gas（气体）。Particle model（粒子模型）解释所有物质都由不断运动的微小粒子构成。固体中粒子紧密堆积并振动；液体中粒子互相滑动；气体中粒子自由运动。Diffusion（扩散）是粒子从高浓度区域向外散开。Density（密度）是单位体积的质量。
Change of state terms: melting (solid to liquid), freezing (liquid to solid), boiling (liquid to gas throughout), evaporation (liquid to gas on the surface), condensation (gas to liquid).
物态变化术语：melting（熔化，固→液），freezing（凝固，液→固），boiling（沸腾，液体整体变为气体），evaporation（蒸发，液体表面变为气体），condensation（凝结，气→液）。
9. Waves and Light Vocabulary | 波与光的词汇
A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy. Sound is a longitudinal wave that needs a medium. Light is a transverse wave that can travel through a vacuum. The amplitude is the height of a wave, related to loudness or brightness. Frequency is the number of waves per second, measured in hertz (Hz). Reflection is bouncing back of light, refraction is bending when light enters a different medium.
Wave（波）是传递能量的扰动。Sound（声音）是需要介质的纵波。Light（光）是可以在真空中传播的横波。Amplitude（振幅）是波的高度，与音量或亮度有关。Frequency（频率）是每秒的波数，单位赫兹（Hz）。Reflection（反射）是光的弹回，refraction（折射）是光进入不同介质时发生弯曲。
10. Measurement and Units | 测量与单位
Always pair a number with a unit. Length in metres (m), mass in kilograms (kg), time in seconds (s), temperature in degrees Celsius (°C), force in newtons (N). Learn to convert between units: 1 km = 1000 m, 1 minute = 60 s, 1 litre = 1000 cm³. Use the correct instruments: ruler for length, stopwatch for time, balance for mass, thermometer for temperature, ammeter for current, voltmeter for voltage.
数字总是要带上单位。长度用米（m），质量用千克（kg），时间用秒（s），温度用摄氏度（°C），力用牛顿（N）。学会单位换算：1 公里 = 1000 米，1 分钟 = 60 秒，1 升 = 1000 立方厘米。使用正确的仪器：尺子测长度，秒表测时间，天平测质量，温度计测温度，电流表测电流，电压表测电压。
11. Astronomy and Space Vocabulary | 天文与太空词汇
Our Solar System consists of the Sun, eight planets, and their moons. Orbit is the curved path a planet takes around the Sun. Gravity keeps planets in orbit. The Moon is Earth’s natural satellite. A satellite is any object that orbits a planet, which can be natural or artificial. Weightlessness is the sensation experienced when there is no support force, not the absence of gravity. Light-year is a unit of distance, not time.
我们的Solar System（太阳系）由太阳、八大行星和它们的卫星组成。Orbit（轨道）是行星绕太阳运行的弯曲路径。Gravity（万有引力）使行星保持在轨道上。Moon（月球）是地球的天然卫星。Satellite（卫星）是任何绕行星运行的天体，可以是天然的或人造的。Weightlessness（失重）是没有支撑力时的感觉，并不是没有引力。Light-year（光年）是距离单位，不是时间单位。
12. Scientific Enquiry and Lab Vocabulary | 科学探究与实验词汇
Every experiment starts with a hypothesis, a testable prediction. The independent variable is what you change, the dependent variable is what you measure, and control variables are what you keep the same. An anomalous result is a data point that does not fit the pattern. Always wear safety goggles and tie back long hair. Words like ‘valid’, ‘reliable’ and ‘precise’ are part of evaluation; make sure you understand their exact meanings in a scientific context.
每个实验都从一个Hypothesis（假设）开始，即可检验的预测。Independent variable（自变量）是你改变的量，dependent variable（因变量）是你测量的量，control variables（控制变量）是你保持不变的量。Anomalous result（异常结果）是不符合整体趋势的数据点。始终佩戴safety goggles（护目镜）并扎起长发。像“valid”（有效）、“reliable”（可靠）、“precise”（精确）这些词都是评估的一部分；务必弄清它们在科学语境下的准确含义。
When analysing data, you may use a bar chart for categories or a line graph to show trends. The slope of a distance–time graph gives speed. A horizontal line on a distance–time graph means the object is stationary.
分析数据时，你可以用bar chart（条形图）表示类别，或用line graph（线形图）显示趋势。距离-时间图的斜率代表速率。距离-时间图上的水平线表示物体处于静止状态。
Published by TutorHao | CAIE Physics Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
屏轩国际教育cambridge primary/secondary checkpoint, cat4, ukiset,ukcat,igcse,alevel,PAT,STEP,MAT, ibdp,ap,ssat,sat,sat2课程辅导，国外大学本科硕士研究生博士课程论文辅导