📚 Year 7 AQA Music: Key Vocabulary Quick Revision Guide | AQA七年级音乐：词汇术语速记指南
Building a strong musical vocabulary in Year 7 is the foundation for listening, performing and composing with confidence. This guide breaks down essential AQA music terms into bite-sized chunks, giving you clear definitions alongside simple memory tricks. Whether you are preparing for a listening test or just starting to read music, these keywords will help you describe what you hear and see with precision.
在七年级打好音乐词汇基础，是自信地进行聆听、表演和创作的基石。这本指南将 AQA 音乐核心术语分解为易消化的小节，为你提供清晰的定义以及简单的记忆窍门。无论你是在准备听力测试，还是刚开始学习读谱，这些关键词都能帮助你准确描述所听所见。
1. Dynamics | 力度
Dynamics tell us how loudly or softly to play a piece of music. Italian words are used to mark dynamic levels, and they often appear as abbreviations under the stave. Learning them in pairs makes recalling the full range much easier.
力度告诉我们该用多大的音量来演奏一段音乐。意大利语词汇被用来标记强弱层次，通常作为缩写出现在五线谱下方。用配对的方式学习它们，能让你更轻松地记住所有层次。
Pianissimo (pp) – very soft, as if whispering.
很弱 (Pianissimo) – 非常轻柔，如同低语。记忆窍门：pp 像安静地 ‘pssst’ 两声。
Piano (p) – soft, gentle.
弱 (Piano) – 轻柔、温和的。想象一幅安静的画 (painting) —— 和钢琴无关。
Mezzo piano (mp) – moderately soft.
中弱 (Mezzo piano) – 中等偏弱。’Mezzo’ 意为一半，mp 就是半轻半柔。
Mezzo forte (mf) – moderately loud.
中强 (Mezzo forte) – 中等偏强。mf 像 music flows 那样自然流畅。
Forte (f) – loud, strong.
强 (Forte) – 大声的、有力的。联想 fortress (堡垒)，强壮坚固。
Fortissimo (ff) – very loud, forceful.
很强 (Fortissimo) – 非常响亮、激烈。ff 像是 double force (双重力量)。
Crescendo (cresc.) – gradually getting louder.
渐强 (Crescendo) – 音量逐渐增大。想象声音 ‘growing’ (增长)。
Diminuendo (dim.) – gradually getting softer.
渐弱 (Diminuendo) – 音量逐渐减小。记忆为 ‘dim the light’ (把灯光调暗)。
2. Tempo | 速度
Tempo refers to the speed of the pulse or beat. Composers use Italian tempo markings to give performers a clear idea of how fast or slow a passage should feel. Grouping terms into slow, medium and fast categories helps with quick recall.
速度指节拍的快慢。作曲家使用意大利语速度标记，让演奏者清楚地知道某段音乐应该感觉多快或多慢。将术语按慢、中、快分类有助于快速回忆。
Largo – very slow, broad and stately.
广板 (Largo) – 非常缓慢、宽广而庄严。联想 large (大的) 步伐，很慢。
Adagio – slow and leisurely.
柔板 (Adagio) – 缓慢从容的。读着就像 ‘ah-da-jio’，悠闲地。
Andante – at a walking pace.
行板 (Andante) – 步行速度。源自意大利语 ‘andare’ (步行)。
Moderato – at a moderate speed.
中板 (Moderato) – 中等的速度。和英语 moderate 同源。
Allegro – fast, lively and cheerful.
快板 (Allegro) – 快速、活泼而欢快的。想象 alegría (西班牙语 ‘快乐’)。
Presto – very fast, rapid.
急板 (Presto) – 非常快。想一想要马上 ‘press’ 快进按钮。
Accelerando (accel.) – gradually getting faster.
渐快 (Accelerando) – 速度逐渐加快。像汽车 accelerate (加速)。
Ritardando (rit.) – gradually getting slower.
渐慢 (Ritardando) – 速度逐渐放慢。记第一个音节 ‘rit’ 像放松。
3. Pitch and Melody | 音高与旋律
Pitch is how high or low a note sounds. Melody is a sequence of pitches shaped into a tune. Understanding pitch-related terms helps you describe how a melody moves and what accidentals (sharps, flats and naturals) do.
音高代表一个音符听上去的高或低。旋律是由一系列音高构成的曲调。理解与音高相关的术语，有助于你描述旋律的走向，以及升降还原号的作用。
Sharp (♯) – raises the pitch by a semitone.
升号 (♯) – 将音高升高一个半音。想象尖尖的针往上刺。
Flat (♭) – lowers the pitch by a semitone.
降号 (♭) – 将音高降低一个半音。♭ 像压扁的轮胎，变低了。
Natural (♮) – cancels a sharp or flat, returning the note to its original pitch.
还原号 (♮) – 取消之前的升号或降号，让音符回到原本的音高。
Semitone – the smallest interval between two notes on a keyboard (e.g. E to F).
半音 (Semitone) – 键盘上两个相邻键之间的最小音程（如 E 到 F）。
Tone – an interval of two semitones (e.g. C to D).
全音 (Tone) – 两个半音构成的音程（如 C 到 D）。
Conjunct melody – a melody that moves by step to neighbouring notes.
级进旋律 (Conjunct) – 音符以邻音级进的方式移动的旋律。像走小台阶。
Disjunct melody – a melody with large leaps between pitches.
跳进旋律 (Disjunct) – 音高之间有大幅度跳跃的旋律。’dis-‘ 意味着断开连贯。
Octave – the distance of eight notes, where the pitch sounds higher but has the same letter name.
八度 (Octave) – 相隔八个音级的距离，声音更高但音名相同。
4. Rhythm and Metre | 节奏与拍子
Rhythm is the pattern of long and short notes moving through time, while metre groups beats into regular bars. Getting to grips with note values, rests and time signatures is crucial for accurate reading and performing.
节奏是长音和短音在时间中行进的模式，而节拍则将拍子组织成规律的小节。掌握音符时值、休止符和拍号对于准确读谱和演奏至关重要。
Semibreve – a note lasting four beats in 4/4 time.
全音符 (Semibreve) – 在 4/4 拍中持续 4 拍的音符。白脸空心，没有符干。
Minim – a note lasting two beats.
二分音符 (Minim) – 持续 2 拍的音符。空心圆圈加符干。
Crotchet – a note lasting one beat.
四分音符 (Crotchet) – 持续 1 拍的音符。实心圆形加符干。
Quaver – a note lasting half a beat.
八分音符 (Quaver) – 持续 ½ 拍的音符。符干上加一根符尾。
Dotted crotchet – a note lasting one and a half beats (crotchet plus a quaver).
附点四分音符 (Dotted crotchet) – 持续 1½ 拍。附点增加原音符时值的一半。
Rest – a symbol indicating silence. Each rest matches the duration of its corresponding note (semibreve rest, minim rest, etc.).
休止符 (Rest) – 表示静止的符号。每种休止符对应同样时值的音符。
Time signature – the two numbers at the start of a piece. The top number shows beats per bar; the bottom number shows what kind of beat.
拍号 (Time signature) – 谱首的两个数字。上方数字表示每小节的拍数，下方数字表示以几分音符为一拍。
Syncopation – rhythm that shifts the emphasis onto normally weak beats.
切分音 (Syncopation) – 将重音转移到原本较弱的拍子上的节奏效果。
5. Timbre and Instruments | 音色与乐器
Timbre (pronounced ‘tam-ber’) is the unique quality or colour of a sound. It allows us to distinguish between instruments even when they play the same note. Knowing instrument families and descriptive adjectives helps you analyse what you hear.
音色（发音如 ‘tam-ber’）是声音独特的质感或色彩。它让我们能区分不同乐器，即使它们演奏同一个音。了解乐器家族和形容词能使你更好地分析所听到的声音。
Strings – violin, viola, cello, double bass. Sound produced by drawing a bow or plucking.
弦乐器 (Strings) – 小提琴、中提琴、大提琴、低音提琴。通过拉弓或拨弦发声。
Woodwind – flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon. Sound produced by blowing air across a hole or through a reed.
木管乐器 (Woodwind) – 长笛、单簧管、双簧管、大管。通过吹气过孔或吹动簧片发声。
Brass – trumpet, French horn, trombone, tuba. Sound produced by buzzing lips into a mouthpiece.
铜管乐器 (Brass) – 小号、法国号、长号、大号。通过嘴唇振动吹口发声。
Percussion – timpani, snare drum, xylophone, cymbal. Sound is created by striking, shaking or scraping.
打击乐器 (Percussion) – 定音鼓、小军鼓、木琴、镲。通过敲击、摇动或刮擦发声。
Bright timbre – clear, ringing, often associated with brass or high strings.
明亮音色 (Bright) – 清晰、穿透力强的，常与铜管或高音弦乐有关。
Mellow timbre – warm and smooth, like a clarinet in its low register.
圆润音色 (Mellow) – 温暖平滑的，比如单簧管的低音区。
6. Texture | 织体
Texture describes how many layers of sound are heard at once, and how they relate to each other. It can be thick with many parts or thin with a single line. Simple terms help you describe the fabric of the music.
织体描述在同一时间内听到多少声音层次，以及它们之间如何关联。它可以是很厚的多层线条，也可以是单薄的单一旋律。简单的术语能帮你形容音乐的厚薄。
Monophonic – a single unaccompanied melodic line.
单音织体 (Monophonic) – 无伴奏的单一声部旋律。’Mono’ 意为一个。
Homophonic – a main melody supported by chordal accompaniment.
主音织体/主调音乐 (Homophonic) – 一条主旋律加和弦伴奏。这是歌曲最常见的织体。
Polyphonic – two or more independent melodies woven together.
复音织体/复调音乐 (Polyphonic) – 两条或以上独立旋律交织在一起。’Poly’ 意为多个。
Melody and accompaniment – a texture where a clear tune is backed by chords, common in pop songs.
旋律与伴奏 (Melody and accompaniment) – 显著的主旋律配上和弦背景，流行歌曲中十分常见。
Unison – all instruments or voices play/sing the same pitch at the same time.
齐奏/齐唱 (Unison) – 所有乐器或人声同时演奏/演唱相同的音高。
7. Structure | 结构
Structure is the way a piece of music is organised into sections. Recognising common patterns helps you follow the narrative of a composition and predict what will come next.
结构是指一段音乐如何被组织为不同的段落。识别常见的模式有助于你跟随作品的叙事，并预判接下来的部分。
Binary form (AB) – two contrasting sections, often both repeated.
二段式 (Binary form) – 两个对比的段落，通常各自反复。
Ternary form (ABA) – a first section, a contrasting middle section, followed by a return of the first section.
三段式 (Ternary form) – 第一个段落，中间对比段落，再回到第一个段落。
Rondo form (ABACA) – a recurring ‘A’ section alternates with contrasting episodes.
回旋曲式 (Rondo form) – 不断回归的 A 段与对比的插部交替出现。
Verse-chorus – a structure where verses tell the story and a repeating chorus delivers the main message.
主歌–副歌结构 (Verse-chorus) – 主歌叙述故事，反复的副歌传达核心信息。
Introduction (Intro) – the opening section that sets the tone.
引子 (Introduction) – 开场段落，奠定基调。
Coda – the concluding passage that brings a piece to a satisfying finish.
尾声 (Coda) – 结束段落，将作品圆满收尾。
8. Articulation and Expression | 演奏法与表情
Articulation marks tell performers how to play each note in terms of attack, connection and emphasis. Combined with expression markings, they add character and emotion to music.
演奏法记号告诉演奏者每个音符如何起音、连接和加重。结合表情记号，它们为音乐增添了性格和情感。
Legato – notes played smoothly and connected.
连奏 (Legato) – 音符演奏得平滑、连贯。记忆：legato 像 ‘leg’-smooth 的绑腿。
Staccato – notes played short and detached.
断奏 (Staccato) – 音符演奏得短促、断开。staccato 听起来像 ‘stack’ 的断点。
Accent (>) – play a note with sudden extra force.
重音 (Accent) – 将一个音突然加重演奏。
Tenuto (-) – hold a note for its full value, sometimes slightly stressed.
保持音 (Tenuto) – 将音符保持完整时值，有时稍加压力。
Fermata (U) – pause or hold a note longer than its written value.
延长记号 (Fermata) – 暂停或延长音符，比记谱时值更久。
Slur – a curved line grouping notes to be played legato, often under one bow or breath.
连音线 (Slur) – 一条弧线连接多个音，表示要连贯演奏，通常在一个运弓或一口气内。
9. Notation Basics | 基本记谱
Music notation is the written language of sound. Knowing the notes on the stave, clefs and ledger lines enables you to read and write music fluently. Start by memorising landmark notes and the spaces between them.
音乐记谱法是声音的书面语言。认识五线谱上的音符、谱号和加线，能让你流畅地读写音乐。从记忆地标音符和它们之间的空间开始。
Stave (Staff) – the five lines and four spaces on which notes are written.
五线谱 (Stave/Staff) – 由五条线和四个间组成，用来记录音符。
Treble clef (G clef) – curls around the second line, indicating that line is G above middle C. Used for higher-pitched instruments and right-hand piano.
高音谱号 (Treble clef) – 环绕第二线，表示该线为中央 C 上方的 G。用于高音乐器和钢琴右手。
Bass clef (F clef) – places its two dots either side of the fourth line, showing that line is F below middle C. Used for lower-pitched instruments and left-hand piano.
低音谱号 (Bass clef) – 两个点夹住第四线，表示该线为中央 C 下方的 F。用于低音乐器和钢琴左手。
Ledger lines – short extra lines added above or below the stave for notes outside the main range.
加线 (Ledger lines) – 在五线谱上方或下方加的短线，用于超出主音域的音符。
Middle C – the note that sits on a ledger line between the treble and bass staves. A crucial reference point.
中央 C (Middle C) – 位于高音谱表和低音谱表之间一条加线上的音符。关键的参照点。
Sharp, flat and natural signs – written on the stave before the note they affect, and lasting for the whole bar unless cancelled.
升、降、还原号 – 写在音符前方，作用于该音符所在的整小节，直到被取消。
10. Italian Terms Quick Reference | 意大利术语速查表
Use this table as a rapid recap of the most common Italian music terms you will meet in Year 7 AQA listening and theory tasks. The English explanations and Chinese translations are designed to stick in your memory.
使用这份表格快速回顾你在 AQA 七年级听力和乐理任务中最常见的意大利音乐术语。英文解释和中文翻译旨在帮助你牢牢记住。
| Italian Term | English Meaning |
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