📚 Year 7 CCEA Media Studies: Core Knowledge Overview | Year 7 CCEA 媒体：核心知识点梳理
In Year 7 Media Studies, you begin to understand how media texts are created, how they communicate meaning, and how they influence audiences. This guide covers the essential knowledge you need to analyse and create your own media products.
在七年级媒体研究课程中，你将开始了解媒体文本是如何被创造出来的，它们如何传达意义，以及如何影响受众。本指南涵盖了你需要掌握的必备知识，以便分析和创作自己的媒体产品。
1. What Is Media Studies? | 什么是媒体研究？
Media refers to the various ways we communicate with large groups of people, such as television, film, advertising, newspapers, social media, and video games.
媒体是指我们与大量人群交流的各种方式，例如电视、电影、广告、报纸、社交媒体和电子游戏。
Media Studies is the subject where you learn to ‘read’ these texts critically, understanding the techniques used to create meaning and influence viewers.
媒体研究是一门让你学会批判性地“阅读”这些文本的学科，理解用来创造意义和影响观众的技巧。
In Year 7, you will explore how images, sounds, and words work together to tell stories, sell products, and shape opinions. You will also begin to create your own simple media texts.
在七年级，你将探索图像、声音和文字如何协同工作来讲述故事、销售产品和塑造观点。你还将开始创作自己的简单媒体文本。
2. Media Language: Denotation and Connotation | 媒体语言：指示义与内涵义
Denotation is the literal, dictionary meaning of a sign or image. For example, a red rose denotes a type of flower with petals and thorns.
指示义是符号或图像的字面、字典意义。例如，一朵红玫瑰的字面意思是一种带有花瓣和刺的花。
Connotation is the deeper, cultural meaning that a sign carries. A red rose connotes love, romance, or passion. A withered rose might connote death or lost love.
内涵义是符号所承载的更深层的文化意义。红玫瑰的内涵义是爱情、浪漫或激情。一朵枯萎的玫瑰可能意味着死亡或逝去的爱。
When you analyse a media text, always look for both what you see (denotation) and what it suggests (connotation). This skill is called ‘reading’ the text.
当你分析一个媒体文本时，始终要寻找你看到的东西（指示义）以及它所暗示的含义（内涵义）。这种技能叫作“阅读”文本。
3. Camera Shots and Angles | 镜头景别与角度
Filmmakers and photographers use different shot sizes to control how much of the subject we see and how we connect with it emotionally.
电影制作人和摄影师使用不同的景别来控制我们看到主体的多少以及我们如何与之产生情感联系。
An Extreme Long Shot (ELS) shows a wide landscape or cityscape, often to establish location. It makes people look small and insignificant.
极远景 (ELS) 展示广阔的风景或城市景观，通常用来交代地点。它让人看起来渺小而微不足道。
A Long Shot (LS) shows the full human figure from head to toe, with some background. It introduces a character in their environment.
远景 (LS) 展示从头到脚的完整人物，带有些许背景。它把角色介绍在环境中。
A Medium Shot (MS) frames a person from the waist up. It is commonly used for dialogue because it feels natural and allows us to see facial expressions.
中景 (MS) 从腰部以上框住人物。它常用于对话，因为感觉自然，且能让我们看到面部表情。
A Close-Up (CU) fills the screen with a face or object, showing detail and emotion. It creates intimacy and draws the viewer in.
特写 (CU) 用面部或物体填满屏幕，展示细节和情感。它创造亲密感并吸引观众。
An Extreme Close-Up (ECU) focuses on a small detail, such as an eye or a key object, to emphasise its dramatic importance.
大特写 (ECU) 聚焦于一个小细节，如一只眼睛或一个关键物品，以强调其戏剧性的重要性。
Camera angles also affect meaning: a low angle, looking up, makes the subject look powerful, dominant, or heroic. A high angle, looking down, makes it seem weak, small, or vulnerable. Eye-level is neutral and suggests equality.
镜头角度同样影响意义：低角度仰拍使主体看起来强大、有支配力或英勇。高角度俯拍则使其显得弱小、渺小或易受伤害。平视角度是中性的，暗示平等。
4. Mise-en-Scène: What You See in the Frame | 场面调度：画面中的元素
Mise-en-scène is a French term that means ‘placed in the scene’. It refers to everything you can see in the frame: setting, props, costumes, lighting, and actor positioning.
场面调度是一个法语术语，意为“置于场景中”。它指你在画面中所能看到的一切：场景、道具、服装、灯光和演员的位置。
Setting is where the action takes place. A dark, rainy street creates a mood of mystery or danger; a sunny beach suggests relaxation and happiness.
场景是动作发生的地点。一条阴暗的雨街创造神秘或危险的氛围；阳光明媚的海滩暗示放松和快乐。
Costumes and props tell us about a character’s personality, job, or time period. A detective might wear a trench coat and carry a magnifying glass; a wizard may wear robes and hold a wand.
服装和道具告诉我们人物的性格、职业或时代。侦探可能穿着风衣，手拿放大镜；巫师可能穿长袍，手持魔杖。
Lighting can be high-key (bright, even light) for happy scenes, or low-key (strong contrasts, shadows) for mystery or fear. Lighting also draws attention to specific parts of the shot.
灯光可以是高调光（明亮、均匀的光线），用于快乐场景；或低调光（强烈对比、阴影），用于神秘或恐惧氛围。灯光也可将注意力吸引到画面的特定部分。
Colour is a key part of mise-en-scène and can create mood or carry symbolic meaning, which we explore later in more depth.
色彩是场面调度的关键部分，并能创造情绪或承载象征意义，稍后将更深入探讨。
5. Sound in Media | 媒体中的声音
Sound is a powerful tool that shapes how we feel about a scene. It can be divided into diegetic sound and non-diegetic sound.
声音是塑造我们对场景感受的有力工具。它可分为剧情声和非剧情声。
Diegetic sound is any sound that exists within the story world. Characters can hear it. Examples include dialogue, a door slamming, traffic noise, or a radio playing on screen.
剧情声是存在于故事世界中的任何声音。角色可以听到它。例子包括对话、门砰地关上、交通噪音或屏幕上播放的收音机。
Non-diegetic sound is added for the audience only and characters cannot hear it. This includes background music (the score), a narrator’s voiceover, and added sound effects like a dramatic drumbeat or a heartbeat sound during a tense moment.
非剧情声仅为观众而加，角色无法听到。这包括背景音乐（配乐）、旁白，以及附加的音效，如戏剧性的鼓声或紧张时刻的心跳声。
Sound effects create realism or emphasis: the whoosh of a spaceship, the bang of a gun. Music sets the emotional tone and pace. A fast, loud soundtrack makes a chase exciting; slow, soft music suggests sadness.
音效创造真实感或强调：宇宙飞船的呼啸声、枪的砰击声。音乐设定情感基调和节奏。快速、响亮的配乐使追逐令人兴奋；缓慢、柔和的音乐暗示悲伤。
A silence can also be very powerful, creating tension or highlighting an important moment.
沉默也可能非常有力，制造紧张感或突显重要时刻。
6. Colour and Visual Codes | 色彩与视觉符号
Colours carry symbolic meanings that often guide our emotional response. Some common associations in Western media include:
色彩承载着象征意义，通常引导我们的情感反应。西方媒体中一些常见的联想包括：
Red: passion, danger, love, anger, energy. Blue: calm, trust, sadness, coldness. Yellow: happiness, energy, warmth, but also caution. Green: nature, growth, envy, health. Black: power, evil, mystery, elegance. White: purity, innocence, peace, emptiness.
红色：激情、危险、爱、愤怒、能量。蓝色：冷静、信任、悲伤、寒冷。黄色：快乐、能量、温暖，但也表示警告。绿色：自然、成长、嫉妒、健康。黑色：力量、邪恶、神秘、优雅。白色：纯洁、天真、和平、空虚。
In media texts, colour is used deliberately. A horror film poster might use a lot of red and black to signal blood and darkness. A technology company often uses blue to suggest reliability and intelligence.
在媒体文本中，色彩被刻意使用。恐怖电影海报可能大量使用红与黑来暗示血液和黑暗。科技公司常使用蓝色来暗示可靠和智慧。
Look for colour contrast, saturation (how intense the colour is), and which colours dominate a scene to understand the intended mood and message.
寻找色彩对比、饱和度（颜色有多强烈）以及场景中的主色调，以理解意图的氛围和信息。
7. Types of Media Texts | 媒体文本类型
Media texts come in many forms. In Year 7, you will analyse print texts like posters, magazine covers, and newspaper front pages, as well as moving image texts such as film trailers and short TV adverts.
媒体文本有多种形式。在七年级，你将分析印刷文本，如海报、杂志封面和报纸头版，以及运动图像文本，如电影预告片和短视频广告。
Posters combine images, text, and colour to promote a film, event, or product. Key elements include a main image that grabs attention, a slogan or tagline, the title, and release information.
海报结合图像、文字和色彩来宣传电影、活动或产品。关键元素包括引人注目的主图像、口号或标语、标题和发布信息。
Magazine covers use a central image (
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