Year 7 CCEA Physics: Quick Vocabulary & Terminology Guide | Year 7 CCEA 物理：词汇术语速记指南

📚 Year 7 CCEA Physics: Quick Vocabulary & Terminology Guide | Year 7 CCEA 物理：词汇术语速记指南

In Year 7 CCEA Physics, building a strong foundation of scientific vocabulary is essential for understanding key concepts and performing well in assessments. This guide provides clear definitions, memorable explanations, and effective memory strategies to help you master the essential physics terms quickly and confidently.

在 Year 7 CCEA 物理学习中，建立扎实的科学词汇基础对于理解核心概念和考试取得好成绩至关重要。本指南提供清晰的定义、易记的解释和有效的记忆策略，帮助你快速、自信地掌握重要的物理术语。

1. Forces & Motion Basics | 力与运动基础

A force is a push or a pull that can change the speed, direction or shape of an object. Forces are measured in newtons (N).

力是一种推或拉，可以改变物体的速度、方向或形状。力的单位是牛顿（N）。

Gravity is the force of attraction between two objects. On Earth, gravity pulls objects towards the centre of the planet, giving them weight.

重力是两个物体之间的吸引力。在地球上，重力把物体拉向地球中心，使物体具有重量。

Friction is a force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact. It can slow down or stop moving objects and also produces heat.

摩擦力是阻碍两个接触表面相对运动的力。它可以使运动物体减速或停止，并产生热量。

Air resistance is a type of friction that acts on objects moving through the air. It increases with speed and surface area.

空气阻力是作用在穿过空气的物体上的一种摩擦力。它随着速度和表面积增大而增大。

Mass is the amount of matter in an object, measured in kilograms (kg). Weight is the force of gravity on that mass, measured in newtons (N). Weight = mass × gravitational field strength (on Earth ≈ 10 N/kg).

质量是物体所含物质的多少，单位是千克（kg）。重量是重力作用在物体上的力，单位是牛顿（N）。重量 = 质量 × 引力场强度（地球上约为 10 N/kg）。

Speed tells you how fast an object is moving. Average speed = distance ÷ time. It is often given in metres per second (m/s) or kilometres per hour (km/h).

速度表示物体运动的快慢。平均速度 = 距离 ÷ 时间。常用的单位是米每秒（m/s）或千米每小时（km/h）。

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2. Energy Stores and Transfers | 能量储存与转移

Energy is the ability to do work. It is measured in joules (J). Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or stored.

能量是做功的能力，单位是焦耳（J）。能量不能被创造或消灭，只能被转移或储存。

Kinetic energy is the energy an object has due to its motion. The faster an object moves and the more mass it has, the more kinetic energy it possesses.

动能是物体由于运动而具有的能量。物体运动越快、质量越大，动能就越大。

Gravitational potential energy (GPE) is the energy stored in an object because of its position above the ground. The higher the object, the greater its GPE.

重力势能是由于物体离地高度而储存的能量。物体位置越高，重力势能越大。

Thermal energy is the energy stored in hot objects. It transfers from hotter to cooler regions.

热能是储存在热物体中的能量，它会从高温区域向低温区域转移。

Chemical energy is stored in fuels, food, and batteries. It is released during chemical reactions, such as burning or digestion.

化学能储存在燃料、食物和电池中，在燃烧或消化等化学反应中释放出来。

Energy can be transferred by heating, by waves (such as light and sound), by electric current, or by forces. Understanding energy transfers helps you explain many everyday phenomena.

能量可以通过加热、波动（如光和声）、电流或力的方式转移。理解能量转移有助于解释许多日常现象。

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3. Electricity Essentials | 电学基础

An electric current is a flow of electric charge, usually carried by moving electrons in a wire. Current is measured in amperes (A).

电流是电荷的流动，通常由导线中移动的电子携带。电流的单位是安培（A）。

Voltage (potential difference) is the ‘push’ that drives the current around a circuit. It is measured in volts (V).

电压（电势差）是驱动电流在电路中流动的“推力”，单位是伏特（V）。

Resistance is a measure of how difficult it is for current to flow. It is measured in ohms (Ω). Thin wires and long wires have higher resistance.

电阻是衡量电流流动难易程度的量，单位是欧姆（Ω）。细导线和长导线的电阻较大。

A series circuit has all components connected in a single loop. If one component breaks, the circuit is incomplete and all components stop working.

串联电路将所有元件连接在一个回路中。如果一个元件损坏，电路断开，所有元件都会停止工作。

A parallel circuit has multiple branches. Each branch receives the full voltage, so if one branch breaks, the others can still work.

并联电路有多个支路。每条支路获得全部电压，因此如果一条支路断开，其他支路仍可工作。

Circuit symbols are used to draw circuits clearly. Key symbols include: cell, battery, bulb, switch, motor, buzzer, ammeter, voltmeter, and resistor.

电路符号用于清楚地绘制电路图。重要符号包括：电池、灯泡、开关、马达、蜂鸣器、电流表、电压表和电阻器。

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4. Magnetism Key Terms | 磁学关键术语

A magnet has two poles: north (N) and south (S). Like poles repel each other, while opposite poles attract.

磁体有两个磁极：北极（N）和南极（S）。同名磁极相互排斥，异名磁极相互吸引。

A magnetic field is the region around a magnet where magnetic forces can be detected. Field lines point from north to south outside the magnet.

磁场是磁体周围能够检测到磁力的区域。磁感线在磁体外部从北极指向南极。

A permanent magnet retains its magnetism for a long time, whereas an induced magnet becomes magnetic only when placed in a magnetic field.

永磁体能够长时间保持磁性，而感应磁体只有放在磁场中时才具有磁性。

Electromagnetism: When an electric current flows through a wire, a magnetic field is produced around it. This is the principle behind electromagnets.

电磁：当电流流过导线时，周围会产生磁场。这是电磁铁的基本原理。

The Earth itself acts like a giant magnet, with its magnetic south pole near the geographic North Pole. A compass needle aligns with the Earth’s magnetic field, pointing north.

地球本身就像一个巨大的磁体，磁南极靠近地理北极。指南针的指针会与地球磁场对齐，指向北方。

Ferromagnetic materials such as iron, nickel, and cobalt are strongly attracted to magnets and can be magnetised.

铁磁性材料，如铁、镍和钴，会被磁体强烈吸引，并且可以被磁化。

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5. Sound Waves Terminology | 声波术语

Sound is produced by vibrations that travel through a medium (solid, liquid, or gas). Sound cannot travel through a vacuum.

声音由振动产生，并通过介质（固体、液体或气体）传播。声音不能在真空中传播。

The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency of the vibration. Higher frequency gives a higher pitch. Frequency is measured in hertz (Hz).

声音的音调取决于振动的频率。频率越高，音调越高。频率的单位是赫兹（Hz）。

The volume (loudness) of a sound depends on the amplitude of the vibration. Bigger amplitude means a louder sound.

声音的音量（响度）取决于振动的振幅。振幅越大，声音越响。

An echo is a reflection of sound that arrives at the listener after a delay.

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