Year 7 CCEA Physics: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Memorisation Guide | 7年级 CCEA 物理：词汇术语速记指南

📚 Year 7 CCEA Physics: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Memorisation Guide | 7年级 CCEA 物理：词汇术语速记指南

As you begin your Key Stage 3 Science journey with CCEA, building a solid physics vocabulary is the key to understanding concepts and tackling exam questions. This guide is packed with clever memory tricks, real-life connections, and bilingual explanations to help you master Year 7 physics terms quickly and with confidence.

在你开始CCEA Key Stage 3科学课程时，建立扎实的物理词汇基础是理解概念和应对考试的关键。这份指南包含巧妙的记忆技巧、生活联系和双语解释，帮你快速且自信地掌握7年级物理术语。

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1. Forces and Measurements | 力与测量

In physics, a force is simply a push or a pull. Forces can start motion, stop it, change direction or alter an object’s shape. We measure forces with a newton meter, a spring-based device that stretches when you apply a pull.

在物理中，力就是一个推力或拉力。力可以启动运动、停止运动、改变方向或改变物体的形状。我们用牛顿计测量力，这是一种当你施加拉力时会伸长的弹簧装置。

The unit of force is the newton (N), named after Sir Isaac Newton. One newton is roughly the weight of a medium-sized apple. Always remember: mass is how much ‘stuff’ is in an object, measured in kilograms (kg); weight is the pull of gravity on that mass, measured in newtons.

力的单位是牛顿(N)，以艾萨克·牛顿爵士命名。1牛顿大约是一个中等苹果的重量。请始终记住：质量是物体里有多少物质，以千克(kg)为单位；重量是重力对该质量的拉力，以牛顿为单位。

Memory trick for ‘newton’: Imagine Newton sitting under an apple tree – the force of the falling apple gave us the unit. So every time you write ‘N’, think of that apple pulling down with about 1 N.

“牛顿”的记忆诀窍：想象牛顿坐在苹果树下——下落苹果的力给了我们单位。每次你写“N”时，就想到那个苹果以大约1 N的力下拉。

Mass vs weight rhyme: ‘Mass stays the same, weight can change – on the Moon, you’d be light and strange!’

质量与体重的押韵口诀：“质量不变，体重会变——月球上你会轻得奇怪！”

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2. Types of Forces | 力的种类

Year 7 introduces several named forces that act without direct contact or through contact. Learning them by their effects makes them easier to remember.

7年级要学习几种力，有些无需接触就能作用，有些靠接触作用。根据它们的效果来学习更容易记忆。

Gravity is a pulling force that acts towards the centre of the Earth (or any large mass). It gives objects weight and keeps planets in orbit. Think of ‘gravity grabs’.

重力是一种指向地心（或任何大质量中心）的拉力。它给物体以重量并使行星在轨道上运行。联想“重力抓住”。

Friction is a force that opposes motion when two surfaces rub together. It can be useful (brakes, grippy shoes) or a nuisance (engine wear). Memory hack: ‘Friction Fights Forward’.

摩擦力是两表面相互摩擦时阻碍运动的力。它可以是有用的（刹车、防滑鞋）或带来麻烦（发动机磨损）。记忆技巧：“摩擦力对抗前向”。

Air resistance is a type of friction caused by air particles pushing back against a moving object. Cyclists crouch low to reduce air resistance.

空气阻力是空气粒子推回运动物体而产生的一种摩擦力。自行车手压低身体以减少空气阻力。

Upthrust (or buoyancy) is the upward force from a liquid or gas on an object floating or submerged. An object floats when upthrust equals weight. ‘Upthrust pushes U up’.

浮力是液体或气体对漂浮或浸没物体向上的力。当浮力等于重力时物体漂浮。“浮力把你向上推”。

Tension is a pulling force transmitted through a string, rope or wire when it is stretched tight. Think of a tug-of-war rope – it is in tension.

张力是通过被拉紧的绳子、绳索或金属丝传递的拉力。想象拔河绳——它处于张力状态。

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3. Energy and Its Forms | 能量及其形式

Energy is the ability to do work or cause change. It is measured in joules (J). Year 7 focuses on energy stores, not on abstract transfers.

能量是做功或引起变化的能力，单位是焦耳(J)。7年级侧重能量储存形式，而非抽象传递。

Common energy stores and a quick association: ‘Kids Have Great Song Energy Chilling Nearby’ – Kinetic, Heat (thermal), Gravitational potential, Sound, Electrical, Chemical, Nuclear. (Nuclear is mentioned but not heavily tested.)

常见能量储存及快速联想：“孩子们在附近唱着超棒的能量歌谣”——动能、热能（内能）、重力势能、声能、电能、化学能、核能。（核能会提及但不作重点考查。）

Kinetic energy – energy of motion. The faster and heavier an object, the more kinetic energy it has. Memory: ‘kinetic’ sounds like ‘quick’.

动能——运动的能量。物体越快越重，动能越大。记忆：“kinetic”听起来像“quick（快）”。

Gravitational potential energy (GPE) – energy stored because of height. A book on a shelf has GPE; on the floor it has less. Picture ‘gravitational potential’ as a ‘high-up stash’.

重力势能——因高度而储存的能量。书架上的书有重力势能；在地板上则较少。把“重力势能”想象成一个“高处的储备”。

Thermal (heat) energy – energy due to the random motion of particles. Think of a hot drink: particles jiggle faster. Memory: ‘thermal’ = thermos keeps things hot.

热能（内能）——由微粒无规则运动产生的能量。想象一杯热饮：微粒跳动更快。记忆：“thermal”联想到保温瓶保持热度。

Sound energy – energy carried by vibrating air particles. Shout into a drum and the skin vibrates – sound energy becomes kinetic.

声能——由振动的空气粒子携带的能量。对着鼓喊，鼓面振动——声能转化为动能。

Light energy – travels in straight lines from a luminous source. Solar panels turn light energy into electrical energy. ‘Light illuminates’ is simple enough.

光能——从发光源沿直线传播。太阳能电池板将光能转化为电能。“光照亮万物”就够直白了。

Electrical energy – energy from the flow of electric charge. Useful in circuits. Think of it as ‘electrons carting energy’.

电能——来自电荷流动的能量。在电路中很有用。联想“电子搬运能量”。

Chemical energy – energy stored in fuels, food and batteries. Released during reactions. ‘Chemical = stored sunshine in snacks’.

化学能——储存在燃料、食物和电池中的能量，在反应中释放。“化学能 = 零食里储存的阳光”。

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4. Energy Transfers and Transformations | 能量传递与转化

When something happens, energy moves between stores. This is called an energy transfer or an energy pathway. In Year 7 you’ll hear about ‘energy transfer diagrams’ using arrows.

当事件发生时，能量在各储存间移动，这称为能量传递或能量路径。7年级你会接触到用箭头表示的“能量传递图”。

Transfer means energy is moved from one store to another without changing form, e.g., heating a pan transfers thermal energy from cooker to food. Transform (or convert) means energy changes from one type to another, like a lamp turning electrical energy into light.

传递指能量从一个储存转移到另一个而不改变形式，如加热锅把热能由炉灶传至食物。转化指能量从一种形式变为另一种，如灯将电能转化为光能。

Useful memory: ‘Transfer keeps type, Transform changes shape.’ In Chinese: ‘传递不换型，转化变形态’。

Useful memory: ‘Transfer keeps type, Transform changes shape.’ (传递不换型，转化变形态。)

Dissipation is a keyword for energy that is spread out or ‘wasted’ as thermal energy into the surroundings. Nothing is destroyed; energy just spreads. Think of ‘dissipate’ as ‘disappear into tiny pieces’.

耗散是描述能量作为热能散逸到周围环境的关键词。没有能量被消灭，能量只会扩散。把“dissipate”想成“消散成小微粒”。

Input and output energy: the energy you put in and the useful energy you get out. For a light bulb, input is electrical, useful output is light, wasted output is heat. Always remember: total input = useful output + wasted output.

输入能量和输出能量：你输入的能量与你获得的有用能量。对灯泡而言，输入是电能，有用输出是光，浪费的输出是热。请记住：总输入 = 有用输出 + 浪费输出。

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5. Simple Circuits and Components | 简单电路与元件

An electric circuit is a complete loop through which current can flow. You need a source (cell/battery), conducting wires and a load (lamp, buzzer, motor).

电路是一个电流可以流通的完整回路。你需要电源（电池）、导线和用电器（灯、蜂鸣器、马达）。

Component (English)	中文名称	Symbol or Description	Memory Trick
Cell	电池	Two parallel lines, one long and thin (positive), one short and thick (negative)	Longer line pushes charge: ‘long = strong (+)’
Battery	电池组	Two or more cells joined together	A battery is a ‘bunch of cells’
Lamp (bulb)	灯泡	Circle with a cross inside, or a loop	‘Light shines from the X’
Switch (open/closed)	开关（断开/闭合）	Two circles with a line that can lift away (open) or connect (closed)	‘Open switch = gap – no flow; Closed switch = bridge – go!’
Buzzer	蜂鸣器	Semi-circle with two legs	Sounds like a bee ‘buzz’; semicircle like a smiling mouth making noise.
Motor	马达	Circle with ‘M’ inside	‘M’ for motor: it moves things.
Wire	导线	Straight line connecting components	A path for ‘electricity highway’

In a simple circuit, all components are connected in a single loop. If one lamp goes out, the circuit breaks – this is a series circuit, the main type studied in Year 7.

在简单电路中，所有元件连接成一个单环路。如果一个灯泡熄灭，回路中断——这就是串联电路，7年级学习的主要电路类型。

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6. Conductors, Insulators and Safety | 导体、绝缘体与安全用电

Materials that allow electric current to flow easily are called conductors. Metals, especially copper, are excellent conductors because they have free electrons.

允许电流轻易通过的材料称为导体。金属，特别是铜，是优良导体，因为它们有自由电子。

Materials that do not let current flow are called insulators. Plastic, rubber, wood and glass are common insulators. They keep us safe by preventing shocks.

不允许电流通过的材料称为绝缘体。塑料、橡胶、木材和玻璃是常见绝缘体。它们通过防止触电保护我们。

Memory sentence: ‘Conductors Carry Current, Insulators Isolate.’ In Chinese: 导体导电，绝缘体隔绝。 Another tip: ‘Copper conducts, plastic blocks.’

记忆口诀：“Conductors Carry Current, Insulators Isolate.” 中文：导体导电，绝缘体隔绝。另外：“铜导电，塑料挡。”

Safety rules: Never poke objects into sockets, keep water away from electrical appliances, and never overload sockets. Remember: water is a conductor (with impurities) – it’s dangerous near electricity.

安全规则：切勿将物品插入插座、水应远离电器、且不要使插座过载。记住：水是导体（含杂质）——靠近电很危险。

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7. Magnetism Basics | 磁性基础

A magnet produces a magnetic field and has two poles: north-seeking (N) and south-seeking (S). Like poles repel, unlike poles attract.

磁铁产生磁场并有两极：N极（北极）和S极（南极）。同极相斥，异极相吸。

Magnetic materials are metals that are attracted to a magnet. The Big Three are iron, nickel and cobalt. Steel is an alloy mainly of iron, so it is also magnetic. Remember ‘INC’ – Iron, Nickel, Cobalt – or ‘Iron Nails Cling’.

磁性材料是能被磁铁吸引的金属。三大主角是铁、镍和钴。钢主要是铁的合金，所以也具有磁性。记住“INC”——铁(Iron)、镍(Nickel)、钴(Cobalt)——或“铁钉吸附”。

Magnetic field is the region around a magnet where magnetic forces can be felt. We trace field lines using iron filings or a plotting compass. The lines go from north to south outside the magnet.

磁场是磁铁周围能感受到磁力的区域。我们用铁屑或小型指南针标绘磁感线。磁感线在磁铁外部从N极指向S极。

Earth behaves like a giant magnet with a magnetic north and south pole. A compass needle is a tiny magnet that aligns with Earth’s field, pointing to magnetic north. Memory: ‘Compass needle points North to find your course.’

地球像一个巨大的磁铁，有磁北极和磁南极。指南针是一根小磁铁，与地球磁场对齐，指向磁北。记忆：“指南针指北来找到方向。”

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8. Sound and Hearing | 声音与听觉

Sound is produced by vibrations. Pluck a guitar string or tap a drum – the to-and-fro motion is vibration. These vibrations travel through a medium (solid, liquid or gas) as sound waves.

声音由振动产生。拨动吉他弦或敲击鼓面——来回的运动就是振动。这些振动以声波形式通过介质（固体、液体或气体）传播。

Sound cannot travel through a vacuum because there are no particles to vibrate. ‘No air, no sound’ is a good mantra.

声音无法在真空中传播，因为没有微粒可以振动。“没有空气就没有声音”是一条好的口诀。

Pitch is how high or low a sound is. It depends on the frequency of vibration. Fast vibrations cause high pitch (squeaky); slow vibrations cause low pitch (deep). A short ruler twanged over a desk edge gives a high pitch because it vibrates quickly.

音调是声音的高低。它取决于振动频率。快速振动产生高音调（尖锐）；缓慢振动产生低音调（低沉）。在桌边弹动的短尺发出高音，因为它振动得快。

Loudness is how strong a sound is, determined by

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