Year 7 CIE Geography: Case Study Practical Exercises | Year 7 CIE 地理：案例分析实战演练

📚 Year 7 CIE Geography: Case Study Practical Exercises | Year 7 CIE 地理：案例分析实战演练

Case studies are the heart of geography – they turn abstract concepts into real places, people and events. This article provides a structured masterclass to help Year 7 students practise analysing case studies for CIE Geography. You will learn how to select details, structure answers and apply knowledge to earthquake, flood, population and settlement examples. Each section presents a key skill or exercise with paired English–Chinese explanations to deepen understanding.

案例研究是地理学的核心——它们把抽象的概念变成真实的地点、人物和事件。本文提供一套结构化的实战演练，帮助 Year 7 学生练习 CIE 地理的案例分析。你将学会如何选择细节、组织答案，并把知识应用到地震、洪水、人口与定居点等实例中。每个部分都给出关键技能或练习，配合中英文对照讲解，以加深理解。

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1. Understanding Case Studies | 理解案例分析

A case study is a detailed example of a real place or event. In CIE Geography, you use case studies to support your answers, showing that you can apply textbook knowledge to the real world. Examiners look for specific facts – names, dates, numbers and locations – not vague descriptions.

案例研究是对一个真实地点或事件的详细例子。在 CIE 地理中，你要用案例研究来支持答案，证明你能把课本知识应用到现实世界。考官看的是具体事实——名称、日期、数字和地点——而不是模糊的描述。

Typical topics that require case studies include tectonic hazards, rivers, population, settlements and development. For each topic, you should know at least one case study in detail.

需要案例研究的典型话题包括构造灾害、河流、人口、定居点和发展。每个话题你至少要详细了解一个案例。

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2. Choosing the Right Case Study | 选择正确的案例

Your case study must be relevant and contain enough detail. For a tectonic hazard, you need the date, magnitude or type, location (with country and region), causes, effects and responses. Aim for case studies from both high-income countries (HICs) and low-income countries (LICs) so you can compare later.

你的案例研究必须相关且包含足够细节。对于一个构造灾害，你需要日期、震级或类型、地点（国家和区域）、原因、影响和应对措施。尽量选取高收入国家（HIC）和低收入国家（LIC）的案例，以便日后比较。

A strong case study is specific. Instead of writing “a large earthquake killed many people”, write “the 2015 Nepal earthquake (magnitude 7.8) killed nearly 9,000 people”. The second version shows precise knowledge.

有力的案例研究是具体的。不要写“一次大地震杀死许多人”，而应写“2015 年尼泊尔地震（7.8 级）造成近 9,000 人死亡”。第二个版本展示了精确的知识。

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3. Case Study Structure | 案例研究结构

Most case studies can be organised into four parts: background, causes, effects and responses. Use this simple table as a mental checklist when learning any example.

大多数案例研究可以组织成四个部分：背景、原因、影响和应对。学习任何案例时，可用下面这张简单表格作为心里检查清单。

Part 部分	What to include 包含内容
Background 背景	Name of place, date, key statistics (size, magnitude, number of people)
Causes 原因	Natural processes (e.g. plate movement, heavy rainfall) and human factors (e.g. deforestation, poor buildings)
Effects 影响	Primary (immediate) and secondary (longer-term) impacts on people, environment and economy
Responses 应对	Short-term aid and rescue, long-term rebuilding and planning

Building your knowledge in this way makes it easier to answer any exam question, whether the command word is “describe”, “explain” or “assess”.

用这种方法构建知识，无论题目中的指令词是“描述”“解释”还是“评估”，都能更容易地回答。

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4. Practical Exercise 1: Earthquake Case Study – 2015 Nepal Earthquake | 实战练习 1：地震案例 – 2015 年尼泊尔地震

Study the information below. Then try to answer the questions in your own words. Use the four-part structure to help you.

阅读以下信息，然后试着用自己的话回答问题。运用四部分结构来帮助你。

Key facts: On 25 April 2015, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake struck Nepal, with the epicentre near the capital Kathmandu. The earthquake was caused by the Indian Plate pushing into the Eurasian Plate at a convergent plate boundary. Almost 9,000 people died and over 22,000 were injured. Hundreds of thousands of homes collapsed, including many historic temples in Kathmandu’s Durbar Square. Landslides blocked roads and rivers, making rescue efforts very difficult. International aid arrived within days, but remote villages remained cut off for weeks. The Nepalese government, with help from the UN and charities, set up temporary shelters, provided clean water and later began rebuilding stronger schools.

关键事实：2015 年 4 月 25 日，一次 7.8 级地震袭击了尼泊尔，震中靠近首都加德满都。这次地震是由印度板块在汇聚型板块边界向欧亚板块俯冲引起的。近 9,000 人死亡，超过 22,000 人受伤。数十万房屋倒塌，包括加德满都杜巴广场的许多历史庙宇。山体滑坡阻塞了道路和河流，使救援工作非常困难。国际援助在几天内到达，但偏远村庄与外界隔绝数周。尼泊尔政府在联合国和慈善机构的帮助下，搭建了临时住所，提供了洁净水，随后开始重建更坚固的学校。

Question 1: Describe the location and tectonic setting of the 2015 Nepal earthquake. (Hint: name plates and boundary type)

问题 1：描述 2015 年尼泊尔地震的位置和构造背景。（提示：说出板块名称和边界类型）

Question 2: Explain three main effects of the earthquake on people and the environment.

问题 2：解释这次地震对人和环境的三个主要影响。

Question 3: Why did the earthquake cause such a high number of deaths? (Think about building quality, landslides and level of development.)

问题 3：为什么这次地震造成了如此高的死亡人数？（思考建筑质量、山体滑坡和发展水平。）

Question 4: Evaluate the short-term and long-term responses. Give examples of each.

问题 4：评价短期和长期应对措施。分别举例说明。

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5. Practical Exercise 2: Flooding Case Study – Bangladesh 2007 | 实战练习 2：洪水案例 – 2007 年孟加拉国洪水

Bangladesh is a low-lying country in South Asia. In 2007, extremely heavy monsoon rains combined with meltwater from the Himalayas caused rivers like the Ganges and Brahmaputra to burst their banks. Deforestation in the uplands removed trees that would have intercepted rainfall. Rapid urbanisation also meant more impermeable surfaces, increasing surface runoff. Over 20 million people were displaced, thousands died from drowning or waterborne diseases such as cholera, and rice fields were destroyed, leading to food shortages.

孟加拉国是南亚的一个低洼国家。2007 年，极强的季风降雨加上喜马拉雅山的融雪水，导致恒河和布拉马普特拉河等河流决堤。高地森林砍伐移走了本可截留降雨的树木。快速城市化也意味着更多不透水地表，增加了地表径流。超过 2,000 万人流离失所，数千人死于溺水或霍乱等水传播疾病，稻田被毁，导致粮食短缺。

Question 1: Identify two natural and two human causes of the 2007 floods.

问题 1：指出 2007 年洪水的两个自然原因和两个人为原因。

Question 2: Describe the social, economic and environmental impacts.

问题 2：描述社会、经济和环境影响。

Question 3: Suggest three methods that could reduce future flood risk in Bangladesh. Explain how each would work.

问题 3：提出三种可降低孟加拉国未来洪水风险的方法。解释每种方法的作用。

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6. Practical Exercise 3: Population Distribution Case Study – China’s Uneven Spread | 实战练习 3：人口分布案例 – 中国人口的不均匀分布

China has the world’s largest population, but people are not spread evenly. Over 90% of the population lives in the eastern third of the country, especially along the coast and major river valleys such as the Yangtze. The imaginary ‘Heihe–Tengchong Line’ shows this divide. The western part (Tibet, Xinjiang) is mountainous or desert, with harsh climates and poor soils, which limits farming and settlement. In contrast, the east has fertile plains, a temperate climate and many large cities with job opportunities.

中国拥有世界最多的人口，但人口分布并不均匀。超过 90% 的人口生活在东部三分之一的地区，特别是沿海和长江等主要河谷。想象中的“黑河—腾冲线”显示了这一分界。西部地区（西藏、新疆）多山或沙漠，气候恶劣，土壤贫瘠，限制了耕作和定居。相比之下，东部有肥沃的平原、温和的气候和许多提供就业机会的大城市。

Question 1: Describe the pattern of population distribution shown by the Heihe–Tengchong Line.

问题 1：描述黑河—腾冲线所显示的人口分布格局。

Question 2: Explain two physical and two human factors that cause this pattern.

问题 2：解释造成这种格局的两个自然因素和两个人文因素。

Question 3: Discuss how migration from rural to urban areas in eastern China might change the distribution in the future.

问题 3：讨论中国东部从农村向城市地区的人口迁移可能如何改变未来的分布。

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7. Practical Exercise 4: Settlement Case Study – A Cotswold Village (UK) | 实战练习 4：定居点案例 – 科茨沃尔德的一个村庄（英国）

The village of Castle Combe in Wiltshire, England, dates back to the 11th century. It grew up around a water source – the Bybrook River – and was a centre for wool production. The original settlement had a linear pattern along the river. Today, many old cottages have been renovated as second homes for wealthy city workers, and tourism is a key economic activity. Only a few original services (a pub and a church) remain. This shows how settlement functions change over time.

英格兰威尔特郡的科姆堡村历史可追溯到 11 世纪。它围绕水源——拜布鲁克河——发展起来，并成为羊毛生产中心。最初的定居点沿河流呈条带状。今天，许多古老农舍已被翻新成为富裕城市工作者的第二居所，旅游业是一项重要经济活动。仅存少数原有服务设施（一间酒馆和一座教堂）。这表明定居点的功能如何随时间变化。

Question 1: What natural factors influenced the site of Castle Combe? (e.g. water supply, defence, building materials)

问题 1：哪些自然因素影响了科姆堡的地址选择？（例如供水、防御、建筑材料）

Question 2: Using evidence from the text, describe the settlement shape (pattern) and explain why it developed that way.

问题 2：利用文中的证据，描述该定居点的形状（模式）并解释它为何如此发展。

Question 3: How has the function of the settlement changed from medieval times to the present day?

问题 3：该定居点的功能从中世纪至今发生了怎样的变化？

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8. Structuring Your Answer | 构建你的答案

In an exam, use a clear structure for each question. One helpful method is PEEL: Point, Evidence, Explanation and Link. Start by stating your main point, then give specific evidence from your case study, explain what it means and link back to the question.

考试时，每个问题都要用清晰的结构。一个有用的方法是 PEEL：论点、证据、解释和连接。首先陈述你的主要观点，然后从案例研究中给出具体证据，解释其含义，最后回扣问题。

Example for the Nepal earthquake: ‘The earthquake had severe social effects (Point). For instance, nearly 9,000 people lost their lives (Evidence). This high death toll was partly due to many poorly constructed buildings that collapsed instantly, trapping occupants (Explanation). Therefore, the level of development directly worsened the disaster (Link).’

以尼泊尔地震为例：“这次地震产生了严重的社会影响（论点）。例如，近 9,000 人丧生（证据）。这一高死亡人数部分是由于许多建造质量差的建筑瞬间倒塌，压住了里面的住户（解释）。因此，发展水平直接加剧了这场灾难（连接）。”

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9. Common Mistakes to Avoid | 常见错误避免

Mistake 1: Being too general – never say ‘an earthquake killed people’ without naming the location and date. Always use your case study details.

错误 1：过于泛泛——绝不要说“一次地震杀死了人”而不指明地点和日期。一定要使用你的案例研究细节。

Mistake 2: Listing effects without explanation – a list of facts does not show understanding. Explain why something happened or what made the impact worse.

错误 2：只罗列影响而不解释——一串事实展示不了理解。解释为什么会发生某事，或什么因素加剧了影响。

Mistake 3: Forgetting to compare – if the question asks for differences between HIC and LIC, you must have case studies from both worlds. Plan for this.

错误 3：忘记比较——如果题目要求比较高收入国家和低收入国家的差异，你必须有两类世界的案例。提前规划。

Mistake 4: Not using geographical vocabulary – words like ‘convergent plate boundary’, ‘surface runoff’, ‘impermeable’ and ‘population density’ earn credit.

错误 4：不使用地理词汇——“汇聚板块边界”“地表径流”“不透水的”“人口密度”这类词能为你的答案加分。

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10. Self-Assessment Checklist | 自我评估清单

After writing a practice answer, ask yourself these questions:

写作练习答案后，问问自己这些问题：

• Did I name the place, date and a key number? / 我是否说出了地点、日期和一个关键数字？

• Did I explain the causes, not just list them? / 我是否解释了原因，而不只是罗列它们？

• Did I mention both primary and secondary effects? / 我是否提到了直接和次生影响？

• Did I include responses (short-term and long-term)? / 我是否包含了应对措施（短期和长期）？

• Did I use geographical keywords? / 我是否用了地理关键词？

• Did I link my points back to the question? / 我是否把我的观点回扣到了问题上？

Use this checklist to track your progress across the four practice exercises in this article.

用这份清单追踪你在本文四个实战练习中的进步。

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11. Advanced Skill: Compare and Contrast | 进阶技巧：比较与对比

High-level answers often compare two case studies. For instance, compare the 2015 Nepal earthquake (LIC) with the 2011 Tohoku earthquake in Japan (HIC). Both were large earthquakes, but Japan had much better early warning systems, stricter building codes and a quicker recovery. This contrast highlights how level of development affects vulnerability.

高水平的答案常常比较两个案例。例如，将 2015 年尼泊尔地震（低收入国家）与 2011 年日本东北地震（高收入国家）作对比。两者都是大地震，但日本拥有更好的预警系统、更严格的建筑规范和更快的恢复。这一对比突显了发展水平如何影响脆弱性。

Try a short comparison exercise: compare the Bangladesh flood (2007) with a flood in the UK, such as the 2015 Cumbria floods. Think about warning systems, insurance, building materials and relief efforts.

尝试一个简短的对比练习：将孟加拉国洪水（2007 年）与英国的一次洪水，如 2015 年坎布里亚洪水进行比较。思考预警系统、保险、建筑材料和救援工作。

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12. Summary | 总结

Case study mastery comes from practising with real examples, structuring answers clearly and using specific facts. The four exercises in this article give you a solid foundation. Keep a notebook with key statistics for each case, and regularly test yourself with PEEL paragraphs. As you move through Year 7, you will see how these skills apply to every topic – from coasts to climate change.

案例分析的掌握来自用真实例子进行练习、清晰组织答案并使用具体事实。本文的四个练习为你奠定了坚实基础。为每个案例准备一个笔记本记下关键统计数据，并用 PEEL 段落定期自测。随着你在 Year 7 学习的深入，你会发现这些技能适用于每个专题——从海岸到气候变化。

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Published by TutorHao | Geography Revision Series | aleveler.com

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