📚 Year 7 Edexcel Maths: Key Vocabulary Quick-Reference Guide | 七年级 Edexcel 数学：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering maths in Year 7 means understanding the language of numbers, shapes and data. This guide brings together the essential terms you will encounter in the Edexcel course, with clear definitions and bilingual examples to speed up your learning and boost your confidence before any test.
学好七年级数学，需要掌握数字、图形和数据的语言。这份指南汇总了你在 Edexcel 课程中会遇到的关键术语，每个词都配有清晰的定义和双语示例，帮助你加快记忆速度，在考试前胸有成竹。
1. Number and Place Value | 数字与数位
Place value allows you to read and write whole numbers and decimals correctly. In Year 7, you will handle numbers up to billions and decimals down to thousandths, and you must be able to compare and round them.
数位值让你能正确地读写整数和小数。在七年级，你要处理大到十亿的数和精确到千分位的小数，并且要学会比较和四舍五入。
Digit – A single symbol used to make numerals: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. For example, the number 507 contains the digits 5, 0 and 7.
数字（数位） – 构成数的单个符号，即 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9。例如，数 507 由数字 5、0 和 7 组成。
Place value – The value of a digit depending on its position. In 3682, the 6 has a value of 600 because it sits in the hundreds column.
数位值 – 一个数字根据所在位置而具有的值。在 3682 中，6 的值是 600，因为它在百位上。
Integer – Any positive or negative whole number, including zero. Fractions and decimals are not integers. For instance, −7, 0 and 15 are integers.
整数 – 正整数、负整数和零的统称，不包括分数和小数。比如 −7、0 和 15 都是整数。
Greater than (>) and less than (<) – Symbols used to compare two values. 12 > 5 means ’12 is greater than 5′, while 3 < 9 means ‘3 is less than 9’.
大于号 (>) 和小于号 (<) – 用来比较两个值大小的符号。12 > 5 表示“12 大于 5”，3 < 9 表示“3 小于 9”。
Rounding – Adjusting a number to a nearby, simpler value while keeping it close to the original. 2746 rounded to the nearest hundred is 2700.
四舍五入 – 将一个数调整为一个较接近、较简单的值。2746 四舍五入到最接近的百位是 2700。
2. Fractions, Decimals and Percentages | 分数、小数与百分数
These three ways of expressing parts of a whole are deeply connected. You will practise converting between them, comparing quantities and finding equivalents.
这三种表达部分与整体关系的方式紧密相连。你将练习它们之间的互化、比较数量并寻找等值形式。
Numerator – The top number in a fraction. It tells you how many equal parts are being considered. In 3/8, the numerator is 3.
分子 – 分数中上面的数，表示取了几等份。在 3/8 中，分子是 3。
Denominator – The bottom number in a fraction. It shows the total number of equal parts the whole is split into. In 3/8, the denominator is 8.
分母 – 分数中下面的数，表示整体被分成了多少等份。在 3/8 中，分母是 8。
Equivalent fractions – Different fractions that name the same amount. 1/2, 2/4 and 4/8 are all equivalent.
等值分数 – 表示相同数量的不同分数。1/2、2/4 和 4/8 都是等值分数。
Decimal – A number that uses a decimal point to separate the whole part from the fractional part. For example, 5.73 has 5 ones, 7 tenths and 3 hundredths.
小数 – 用小数点将整数部分和小数部分分隔开的数。比如 5.73，包含 5 个一、7 个十分之一和 3 个百分之一。
Percentage (%) – A number out of 100. 45 % means 45 out of 100, which is equal to 0.45 or 9/20.
百分数 (%) – 表示占 100 的多少。45% 就是每一百份中的 45 份，等于 0.45 或 9/20。
3. Operations and Calculations | 运算与计算
Confidence with the four operations is the backbone of Year 7 maths. You will also meet index notation and the correct vocabulary for describing calculations.
熟练掌握四则运算是七年级数学的基础。你还会接触到指数记法和描述计算的标准用语。
Sum – The result of an addition. The sum of 24 and 31 is 55.
和 – 加法运算的结果。24 与 31 的和是 55。
Difference – The result of a subtraction. The difference between 100 and 73 is 27.
差 – 减法运算的结果。100 与 73 的差是 27。
Product – The result of a multiplication. The product of 6 and 9 is 54.
积 – 乘法运算的结果。6 与 9 的积是 54。
Quotient – The result of a division. When 48 is divided by 8, the quotient is 6.
商 – 除法运算的结果。48 除以 8，商是 6。
Index (Power) – A small raised number showing how many times a base is multiplied by itself. In 2³ = 2 × 2 × 2 = 8, the index is 3.
指数（幂） – 标在数字右上角的小号数字，表示底数自乘的次数。在 2³ = 2 × 2 × 2 = 8 中，指数是 3。
2³ = 2 × 2 × 2 = 8
2³ = 2 × 2 × 2 = 8
4. Factors, Multiples and Primes | 因数、倍数与质数
Understanding how whole numbers are built helps with simplifying fractions and solving problems. These terms appear frequently in the Year 7 curriculum.
理解整数的构成方式有助于化简分数和解决问题。这些术语在七年级课程中经常出现。
Factor – A whole number that divides exactly into another number without leaving a remainder. Factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12.
因数 – 能整除另一个数且没有余数的整数。12 的因数有 1、2、3、4、6 和 12。
Multiple – The product of a number and any integer. Multiples of 5 include 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 …
倍数 – 一个数与任意整数相乘的积。5 的倍数有 5、10、15、20、25 …
Prime number – A whole number greater than 1 that has exactly two factors: 1 and itself. The first prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13 …
质数 – 大于 1 且只有 1 和它本身两个因数的整数。最初的几个质数是 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13 …
HCF (Highest Common Factor) – The largest factor shared by two or more numbers. The HCF of 18 and 30 is 6.
最大公因数 (HCF) – 两个或多个数共有的最大的因数。18 和 30 的最大公因数是 6。
LCM (Lowest Common Multiple) – The smallest multiple shared by two or more numbers. The LCM of 4 and 6 is 12.
最小公倍数 (LCM) – 两个或多个数共有的最小的倍数。4 和 6 的最小公倍数是 12。
5. Introduction to Algebra | 代数入门
Algebra uses letters and symbols to represent numbers and relationships. In Year 7, you begin writing expressions and simple equations.
代数用字母和符号表示数和关系。七年级学生将开始书写代数式和简单方程。
Variable – A letter or symbol that stands for an unknown number. In 2x + 5, x is the variable.
变量 – 代表未知数的字母或符号。在 2x + 5 中，x 是变量。
Coefficient – The number multiplying the variable in a term. In 7y, 7 is the coefficient.
系数 – 一项中与变量相乘的数。在 7y 中，7 是系数。
Expression – A group of terms combined using mathematical operations, without an equals sign. For example, 4a − 3b + 2 is an expression.
代数式 – 通过运算符号连接的一组项，不包含等号。例如 4a − 3b + 2 就是一个代数式。
Equation – A mathematical statement that two expressions are equal, shown by an equals sign. 3n + 4 = 19 is an equation.
方程 – 表示两个代数式相等的数学语句，用等号连接。3n + 4 = 19 是一个方程。
Like terms – Terms that contain exactly the same variable raised to the same power. 5x and −2x are like terms and can be simplified to 3x.
同类项 – 所含变量及其指数完全相同的项。5x 和 −2x 是同类项，可合并为 3x。
6. Ratio and Proportion | 比与比例
Ratio compares the size of two or more quantities, while proportion describes how one part relates to the whole. These concepts appear in recipes, maps and sharing problems.
比用于比较两个或多个量的大小，比例则描述部分与整体的关系。这些概念广泛应用在食谱、地图和分配问题中。
Ratio – A way of comparing quantities using a colon notation. The ratio 3 : 2 means for every 3 of one item there are 2 of another.
比 – 用冒号将量进行比较的方式。3 : 2 表示每 3 个某种物品对应 2 个另一种物品。
Simplifying a ratio – Dividing each part of a ratio by a common factor. 8 : 12 simplifies to 2 : 3 (divide both by 4).
化简比 – 将比的每一项同时除以一个公因数。8 : 12 化简为 2 : 3（各项除以 4）。
Proportion – A part of a whole expressed as a fraction, decimal or percentage. If 3 out of 10 pupils have a pet, the proportion is 3/10 or 30 %.
比例 – 整体的一部分，可以用分数、小数或百分数表示。如果 10 名学生中有 3 人养宠物，比例就是 3/10 或 30 %。
Scale factor – The number you multiply lengths by to enlarge or reduce a shape. A scale factor of 2 doubles all side lengths.
比例因子 – 放大或缩小图形时长度所乘的数。比例因子为 2 时，所有边长变为原来的两倍。
7. Geometry: Lines, Angles and Shapes | 几何：线、角与图形
Year 7 geometry builds the vocabulary for describing 2D and 3D shapes, as well as the relationships between lines and angles.
七年级几何要求掌握描述平面图形和立体图形的词汇，以及线与角之间的关系。
Parallel lines – Straight lines that never meet and stay the same distance apart. Railway tracks are an example.
平行线 – 永不相交且距离始终保持相等的直线。铁轨就是一个例子。
Perpendicular lines – Lines that intersect at a right angle (90°). The corners of a square are formed by perpendicular lines.
垂直线 – 相交成直角（90°）的两条直线。正方形的角就是由垂直线构成的。
Acute angle – An angle less than 90°. A typical slice of pizza has an acute angle at the tip.
锐角 – 小于 90° 的角。一块披萨的尖端通常是一个锐角。
Obtuse angle – An angle greater than 90° but less than 180°. An open laptop lid often forms an obtuse angle.
钝角 – 大于 90° 且小于 180° 的角。打开的笔记本电脑盖通常形成钝角。
Reflex angle – An angle greater than 180° but less than 360°. The outside angle of a circle sector can be reflex.
优角 – 大于 180° 且小于 360° 的角。扇形外面的角往往是优角。
8. Area, Perimeter and Volume | 面积、周长与体积
Measuring space is a core practical skill. You will work with rectangles, triangles and cuboids, and learn the correct units for area and volume.
度量和计算空间大小是一项核心的实用技能。你将研究长方形、三角形和长方体，并学习面积与体积的正确单位。
Perimeter of a rectangle = 2 × (length + width)
长方形周长 = 2 × (长 + 宽)
Perimeter – The total distance around the edge of a 2D shape. The perimeter of a rectangle 5 m by 3 m is 16 m.
周长 – 平面图形边界的总长度。长 5 m、宽 3 m 的长方形周长是 16 m。
Area of a rectangle = length × width
长方形面积 = 长 × 宽
Area – The amount of space inside a 2D shape, measured in square units. A 4 cm by 6 cm rectangle has an area of 24 cm².
面积 – 平面图形内部空间的大小，以平方单位计量。一个 4 cm × 6 cm 的长方形面积是 24 cm²。
Volume of a cuboid = length × width × height
长方体体积 = 长 × 宽 × 高
Volume – The amount of space occupied by a 3D object, measured in cubic units. A cuboid 2 cm × 3 cm × 4 cm has a volume of 24 cm³.
体积 – 三维物体所占空间的大小，以立方单位计量。一个 2 cm × 3 cm × 4 cm 的长方体体积是 24 cm³。
9. Units of Measurement and Time | 测量单位与时间
Converting between metric units and reading clocks accurately are everyday skills reinforced at Key Stage 3. You need to know the prefixes for length, mass and capacity.
公制单位换算和准确读取钟表时间是 Key Stage 3 阶段必须巩固的日常技能。你需要记住长度、质量和容积的单位前缀。
Metric units for length – The most common are millimetre (mm), centimetre (cm), metre (m) and kilometre (km). 1 cm = 10 mm, 1 m = 100 cm, 1 km = 1000 m.
长度公制单位 – 最常见的是毫米 (mm)、厘米 (cm)、米 (m) 和千米 (km)。1 cm = 10 mm，1 m = 100 cm，1 km = 1000 m。
Mass – The amount of matter in an object, measured in grams (g) and kilograms (kg). 1 kg = 1000 g.
质量 – 物体所含物质的多少，以克 (g) 和千克 (kg) 为单位。1 kg = 1000 g。
Capacity – The volume of liquid a container can hold, measured in millilitres (ml) and litres (l). 1 l = 1000 ml.
容积 – 容器所能容纳液体的体积，以毫升 (ml) 和升 (l) 为单位。1 l = 1000 ml。
24-hour clock – A clock format where the day runs from 00:00 to 23:59. 4:30 p.m. is written as 16:30.
24 小时制 – 一天从 00:00 运行到 23:59 的计时方式。下午 4:30
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