📚 Year 7 Edexcel PE: Quick Guide to Key Vocabulary Terms | Year 7 Edexcel 体育：词汇术语速记指南
Building a strong PE vocabulary in Year 7 helps you understand how your body works, improve your performance, and talk confidently about health and fitness. This guide covers the essential terms you will meet in your Edexcel lessons and organises them in a way that makes them easy to learn and remember.
在七年级建立扎实的体育词汇基础，能帮助你理解身体的运作方式、提升运动表现，并自信地讨论健康和体适能。本指南涵盖你在 Edexcel 课程中会遇到的必备术语，并以易于学习和记忆的方式进行整理。
1. Health-Related Fitness Components | 健康相关体适能要素
These five components are the building blocks of a healthy body. They are often assessed in your fitness tests during the year.
这五个要素是健康身体的基石，通常会在全年的体能测试中进行评估。
Cardiovascular endurance is the ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to working muscles over a sustained period. Think of it as your stamina engine.
心血管耐力 是指心脏和肺部在持续时间内向运动肌肉供应氧气的能力。你可以把它想象成你的耐力引擎。
Muscular endurance is how well a muscle can repeat a movement without getting tired, like holding a plank or doing many sit-ups.
肌肉耐力 是肌肉在不会感到疲劳的情况下重复某一动作的能力，例如保持平板支撑或做许多仰卧起坐。
Muscular strength is the maximum force a muscle can produce in one go, such as lifting a heavy weight once. It is different from endurance, which is about how long you can keep going.
肌肉力量 是肌肉一次性可以产生的最大力量，例如一次举起很重的重量。它不同于耐力，耐力是关于你能坚持多久。
Flexibility is the range of movement possible at a joint. Good flexibility helps prevent injuries and improves technique in sports like gymnastics and swimming.
柔韧性 是指关节可能的运动范围。良好的柔韧性有助于预防损伤，并改善体操和游泳等运动的技术。
Body composition describes the proportion of fat, muscle and bone in your body. In Year 7 PE, we simply begin to understand that a healthy balance is linked to overall fitness.
身体组成 描述的是体内脂肪、肌肉和骨骼的比例。在七年级体育中，我们只是初步认识到健康的平衡与整体体适能相关。
2. Skill-Related Fitness Components | 技能相关体适能要素
These six components are especially important when learning and improving sports skills. They help you move efficiently and look coordinated.
这六个要素在学习和提高运动技能时尤为重要。它们帮助你高效地移动，并看起来协调流畅。
Agility is the ability to change direction quickly and with control. It is essential in games like netball, football and tennis.
敏捷性 是指快速且受控制地改变方向的能力。在无挡板篮球、足球和网球等比赛中至关重要。
Balance is keeping your body stable whether you are still (static) or moving (dynamic). A gymnast on a beam uses static balance, while a footballer dodging a tackle uses dynamic balance.
平衡 是指无论你处于静止（静态）还是移动（动态）状态，都能保持身体稳定。体操运动员在平衡木上使用静态平衡，而足球运动员闪避铲球时则使用动态平衡。
Coordination is the ability to use different body parts together smoothly. Catching a ball requires hand-eye coordination, and kicking a ball needs foot-eye coordination.
协调性 是流畅地同时使用不同身体部位的能力。接球需要手眼协调，踢球则需要脚眼协调。
Power combines strength and speed. It is the explosive push you use when jumping for a header or throwing a javelin.
爆发力 是力量与速度的结合。它是你在跳起头球或投掷标枪时使用的爆发性推力。
Reaction time is the time taken to respond to a signal. A sprinter reacting to the starting gun depends on short reaction time.
反应时间 是对信号作出响应所需的时间。短跑运动员对发令枪的反应就依赖于短的反应时间。
Speed simply means moving your body or body parts as fast as possible. It counts in everything from sprinting to throwing a fast bowling delivery.
速度 仅仅意味着尽可能快地移动身体或身体部位。从短跑到投出快速的投球，速度都至关重要。
3. The Skeleton and Muscles: Anchor Words | 骨骼与肌肉：核心词汇
When you begin to study how your body creates movement, these terms appear in every lesson. Mastering them early makes future topics much easier.
当你开始学习身体如何产生运动时，这些术语会在每一节课中出现。尽早掌握它们会让未来的课题容易得多。
Bones: The hard structures that form your skeleton. Key names to learn for Year 7 include femur (thigh bone), tibia (shin bone), radius and ulna (forearm), humerus (upper arm), pelvis, ribs and spine.
骨骼：构成骨架的坚硬结构。七年级需要学习的关键骨骼名称包括股骨（大腿骨）、胫骨（小腿骨）、桡骨和尺骨（前臂）、肱骨（上臂）、骨盆、肋骨和脊柱。
Muscles: Soft tissues that contract to pull on bones and make you move. Remember that muscles can only pull, never push. Key names: biceps, triceps, quadriceps, hamstrings, gluteals, abdominals.
肌肉：通过收缩牵拉骨骼使你运动的软组织。记住，肌肉只能拉，不能推。关键肌肉名称：肱二头肌、肱三头肌、股四头肌、腘绳肌、臀肌、腹肌。
Tendons attach muscle to bone, and ligaments attach bone to bone. A simple way to remember: ‘tendon = muscle to bone, ligament = bone to bone.’
肌腱 连接肌肉与骨骼，而 韧带 连接骨骼与骨骼。一个简单的记忆方法：“肌腱——肌连骨；韧带——骨连骨。”
4. Movement Types in Action | 动作类型
Describing how a limb moves at a joint is a common GCSE-style skill that is introduced right from Year 7. Learn the directional words early.
描述肢体在关节处如何运动是一项从七年级就开始引入的 GCSE 风格技能。尽早学会这些方向性词汇。
Flexion is bending a joint so the angle gets smaller, like curling a dumbbell (elbow flexion) or lifting your leg forward (hip flexion).
屈曲 是弯曲关节使角度变小，例如弯举哑铃（肘关节屈曲）或向前抬腿（髋关节屈曲）。
Extension is straightening a joint so the angle gets larger, like pushing a door open or returning the dumbbell back down.
伸展 是伸直关节使角度变大，例如推开一扇门或将哑铃放下。
Abduction moves a limb away from the body midline, such as raising your arm sideways.
外展 是使肢体远离身体中线的动作，例如向侧面抬起手臂。
Adduction brings the limb back towards the midline, such as lowering your arm to your side.
内收 是使肢体回到中线的动作，例如将手臂放回体侧。
Rotation is turning around an axis, like shaking your head ‘no’ or twisting your trunk.
旋转 是围绕一个轴转动，例如摇头说“不”或扭转躯干。
5. Heart, Lungs and Exercise | 心脏、肺部与运动
These terms explain what happens inside your body when you start to warm up and when you push yourself during a game.
这些术语解释了当你在比赛中热身和奋力拼搏时，身体内部会发生什么。
Heart rate is the number of times your heart beats per minute (bpm). You can feel it at your wrist (radial pulse) or neck (carotid pulse).
心率 是心脏每分钟跳动的次数（bpm）。你可以在手腕（桡动脉脉搏）或颈部（颈动脉脉搏）感受到它。
Resting heart rate is measured when you are fully relaxed, often first thing in the morning. A fitter person usually has a lower resting heart rate because their heart pumps more blood with each beat.
安静心率 是在完全放松时测量的，通常是在早晨起床第一时间。体适能较好的人通常安静心率较低，因为他们的心脏每次搏动能泵出更多的血液。
Recovery rate is how quickly your heart rate returns to normal after exercise. A fast recovery is a good sign of cardiovascular fitness.
恢复心率 是运动后心率恢复到正常水平的速度。快速恢复是心血管体适能良好的标志。
Breathing rate is the number of breaths per minute. It increases during exercise to bring in more oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
呼吸频率 是每分钟的呼吸次数。运动时呼吸频率会上升，以吸入更多氧气并排出二氧化碳。
6. Training Methods and Principles | 训练方法与原则
In Year 7 you start to learn how to plan simple training sessions. These words give you the language to design your own mini-fitness programmes.
七年级时你开始学习如何计划简单的训练课。这些词汇为你提供了设计自己迷你体适能计划的语言。
Warm-up is a gentle activity that prepares the body for exercise. It usually includes pulse raisers, mobility exercises and dynamic stretches.
热身 是为运动做好准备的低强度活动。通常包括提升心率的运动、关节灵活性练习和动态拉伸。
Cool-down is a period of low-intensity movement after exercise that helps the body return to its resting state. It always includes gentle activity and static stretching.
整理活动 是运动后的一段低强度运动时间，帮助身体恢复到安静状态。它总是包含轻微的活动和静态拉伸。
FITT principle stands for Frequency, Intensity, Time and Type. It is a simple way to remember how to adjust a training session. For example, if you want to improve cardiovascular fitness, you might increase the time you run each week (Time) or run more often (Frequency).
FITT 原则 代表频率、强度、时间和类型。这是记住如何调整训练课的一种简单方法。例如，如果你想提高心血管体适能，可以每周增加跑步时间（时间）或更频繁地跑步（频率）。
Repetition (rep) is one complete movement of an exercise, like one press-up. A set is a group of repetitions, for example 10 press-ups in a row.
重复次数 是完成一次完整的动作，比如一个俯卧撑。 组 是一组连续的重复次数，例如一口气做10个俯卧撑。
7. Game Play and Tactics Vocabulary | 比赛战术词汇
Whether you are playing invasion games, net sports or striking and fielding games, these terms help you understand how to be a smarter player.
无论你是在进行侵入式比赛、网球运动还是击打与接球运动，这些术语都能帮助你成为更聪明的运动员。
Attack means trying to score or create a scoring chance. In football, it is moving forward with the ball; in cricket, it is trying to hit boundaries.
进攻 是指尝试得分或创造得分机会。在足球中，是带球向前推进；在板球中，是试图击出边界球。
Defence means protecting your own goal or wicket. It involves positioning, marking opponents and tackling.
防守 是保护自己的球门或三柱门。它涉及站位、盯防对手和抢断。
Marking means staying close to an opponent to stop them from receiving the ball or making an easy play.
盯人 是指紧贴对手，阻止他们接球或轻松完成动作。
Possession means having control of the ball. Teams try to keep possession to build attacks and deny the opposition scoring chances.
控球 是指控制球权。球队努力保持控球以组织进攻，并阻止对方得分机会。
Width and depth are tactical ideas. Width stretches the defence by using the sides of the pitch, while depth gives options to pass forward and backward.
宽度 和 纵深 是战术概念。宽度通过利用球场的边路来拉扯防守，纵深则为向前和向后传球提供选择。
8. Feedback and Analysis: How to Talk About Performance | 反馈与分析：如何谈论运动表现
PE is not just about doing; it is also about thinking and improving. These words are used when you give feedback to yourself or a classmate.
体育不仅仅是做动作；它也是思考和改进的过程。当你给自己或同学提出反馈时，就会用到这些词汇。
Observation means watching a performance carefully to find strengths and areas to improve. It is the first step in sports analysis.
观察 是指仔细观察表现，找出优势和需要改进的地方。这是运动分析的第一步。
Strengths are the parts of a performance that are done well, for example a tidy shooting technique or consistent serving.
优势 是表现中做得出色的部分，例如干净利落的射门技术或稳定的发球。
Areas for improvement are the parts that need more practice, such as losing balance during a dribble or not following through on a pass.
需要改进的方面 是需要更多练习的部分，比如运球时失去平衡或传球时没有随球动作。
SMART targets stand for Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Time-bound. For example, instead of saying ‘I will get fitter,’ a SMART target would be ‘I will run 1 km without stopping within 3 weeks.’
SMART 目标 代表具体、可衡量、可实现、相关和有时间限制的。例如，不要说“我会变得更强健”，而应该用一个 SMART 目标：“我会在 3 周内不停歇地跑完 1 公里。”
9. Quick-Memorisation Tips for PE Terms | 体育术语快速记忆技巧
Many students find it easier to remember vocabulary when they use mental shortcuts. Here are some proven tricks that work for Edexcel PE.
许多学生发现使用思维捷径来记忆词汇更容易。以下是一些适用于 Edexcel 体育的有效记忆技巧。
Acronyms: Create a word from the first letters of a list. For the health-related components, try ‘CMMFB’ – Cardiovascular, Muscular endurance, Muscular strength, Flexibility, Body composition. Or, for skill-related components, ‘A B C P R S’ – Agility, Balance, Coordination, Power, Reaction time, Speed.
首字母缩写法：用列表中每个单词的首字母组成一个词。对于健康相关要素，可以试试 ‘CMMFB’——心血管耐力、肌肉耐力、肌肉力量、柔韧性、身体组成。或者，对于技能相关要素，可以用 ‘A B C P R S’——敏捷性、平衡、协调性、爆发力、反应时间、速度。
Opposite pairs: Learn terms in pairs of opposites, which is much easier than learning them in isolation. For example: flexion ↔ extension, abduction ↔ adduction, attack ↔ defence.
反义词对：以反义词对的形式学习术语，这比单独记忆要容易得多。例如：屈曲 ↔ 伸展，外展 ↔ 内收，进攻 ↔ 防守。
Visual labels: Draw a simple stick figure and label the bones and muscles. The act of drawing and labelling helps information stick in your long-term memory.
图像标记法：画一个简单的火柴人，并标明骨骼和肌肉。绘制和标记的动作有助于将信息储存在长期记忆中。
| Memory challenge | Meaning in 5 words or fewer | 记忆挑战 | 五个字以内的中文解释 |
| Femur | Thigh bone | 股骨 | 大腿骨 |
| Flexion | Bending a joint | 屈曲 | 弯曲关节 |
| Rep | One full movement | 一次重复 | 一个完整动作 |
| FITT | Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type | FITT原则 | 频率强度时间类型 |
10. Putting It All Together: A Sample Practice Card | 综合练习卡样例
Write a sentence or two that weaves several terms together. This helps you see how the vocabulary works in a real PE context.
写一两个句子，将几个术语串联起来。这能帮助你理解这些词汇在真实体育情境中是如何运用的。
‘During the warm-up, I raised my heart rate with light jogging (pulse raiser) and performed dynamic stretches to improve my flexibility. In the game, I used agility to dodge a defender and coordination to catch a fast pass.’
“在热身期间，我通过慢跑提升心率（心率提升）并进行动态拉伸以改善柔韧性。在比赛中，我运用敏捷性闪避防守队员，并使用协调性接住一记快速传球。”
Try creating your own combination each time you learn new terms. It makes revision much more active than simply reading a list.
每次学习新术语时，尝试创建自己的组合。这会让复习比单纯阅读列表有效得多。
Use the table below as a quick self-check. Cover the right side and test yourself, or ask a partner to quiz you.
使用下面的表格进行快速自测。遮住右侧，测试自己，或者请搭档考考你。
| English term | Quick definition | 中文术语 | 简洁定义 |
| Agility | Change direction quickly | 敏捷性 | 快速改变方向 |
| Balance | Keep body stable | 平衡 | 保持身体稳定 |
| Cardiovascular endurance | Heart and lungs supply oxygen | 心血管耐力 | 心肺供氧能力 |
| Flexion | Bending joint, angle smaller | 屈曲 | 弯曲关节，角度变小 |
| SMART target | Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound | SMART目标 | 具体可量可达成相关有时限 |
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