Year 7 OCR Chinese: Core Knowledge Essentials | Year 7 OCR 中文：核心知识点梳理

📚 Year 7 OCR Chinese: Core Knowledge Essentials | Year 7 OCR 中文：核心知识点梳理

Welcome to the Year 7 OCR Chinese revision guide. This article covers the essential knowledge points you need to master in your first year of learning Mandarin Chinese. From pinyin and tones to basic vocabulary and sentence patterns, we will review the core content to help you build a solid foundation and feel confident in class.

欢迎来到 Year 7 OCR 中文复习指南。这篇文章涵盖了你在学习普通话第一年需要掌握的核心知识点。从拼音声调到基础词汇和句型，我们将梳理关键内容，帮助你打下扎实基础，在课堂上充满自信。

1. Pinyin and Initials | 拼音与声母

Pinyin is the official romanisation system for Standard Mandarin Chinese. It uses the Latin alphabet to represent sounds, and it is essential for reading, typing and correct pronunciation. The system consists of initials (consonants that begin a syllable), finals (the rest of the syllable) and tones.

拼音是标准普通话的官方罗马化系统，用拉丁字母表示发音，对于阅读、打字和正确发音至关重要。该系统由声母（音节开头的辅音）、韵母（音节其余部分）和声调组成。

There are 21 initials in modern standard pinyin. The table below lists them with approximate English equivalents.

现代标准拼音有 21 个声母。下表列出它们及其在英语中的近似发音。

Pinyin	Approximate sound	Example
b	like ‘p’ in ‘spy’ (unaspirated)	ba
p	like ‘p’ in ‘pie’ (aspirated)	pa
m	like ‘m’ in ‘my’	ma
f	like ‘f’ in ‘far’	fa
d	like ‘t’ in ‘stay’	da
t	like ‘t’ in ‘tie’	ta
n	like ‘n’ in ‘no’	na
l	like ‘l’ in ‘let’	la
g	like ‘k’ in ‘sky’	ga
k	like ‘k’ in ‘kite’	ka
h	like ‘h’ in ‘hat’, but more guttural	ha
j	like ‘j’ in ‘jeep’ but with tongue flat	ji
q	like ‘ch’ in ‘cheese’ with tongue flat	qi
x	like ‘sh’ in ‘she’, but with tongue flat	xi
zh	like ‘j’ in ‘judge’ but with tongue tip curled back	zha
ch	like ‘ch’ in ‘church’ with tongue curled back	cha
sh	like ‘sh’ in ‘ship’ with tongue curled back	sha
r	like ‘r’ in ‘run’, but with tongue curled back	re
z	like ‘ds’ in ‘beds’	zi
c	like ‘ts’ in ‘cats’	ci
s	like ‘s’ in ‘see’	si

Remember, initials ‘j’, ‘q’, ‘x’ only combine with ‘i’ or ‘u’ starting finals, while ‘zh, ch, sh, r, z, c, s’ never combine with ‘i’ or ‘u’ starting finals unless the vowel is a special ‘i’.

记住，声母 j、q、x 只与 i 或 ü 开头的韵母相拼，而 zh、ch、sh、r、z、c、s 不与 i 或 ü 开头的韵母相拼，除非是特殊韵母 i。

2. Finals and Tones | 韵母与声调

Finals are the vowel and ending consonant parts of a syllable. There are simple finals (a, o, e, i, u, ü), compound finals (ai, ei, ao, ou, etc.) and nasal finals (an, en, ang, eng, ong). The special final ‘ü’ is written as ‘u’ after j, q, x, but pronounced with rounded lips.

韵母是音节中的元音和尾部辅音部分。有单韵母（a, o, e, i, u, ü）、复韵母（ai, ei, ao, ou 等）和鼻韵母（an, en, ang, eng, ong）。特殊韵母 ü 在 j, q, x 后写成 u，但嘴唇要圆起来发音。

Mandarin has four main tones plus a neutral tone. The tone changes the meaning of a syllable. For example, using the syllable ‘ma’:

普通话有四个主要声调和一个轻声。声调的变化会改变一个音节的意思。以音节 “ma” 为例：

1st tone (high level): mā (mother) – symbol: macron

第一声（高平）：mā (妈) – 符号：横线
2nd tone (rising): má (hemp) – symbol: acute accent

第二声（升调）：má (麻) – 符号：撇
3rd tone (dipping): mǎ (horse) – symbol: caron

第三声（降升）：mǎ (马) – 符号：钩
4th tone (falling): mà (to scold) – symbol: grave accent

第四声（降调）：mà (骂) – 符号：捺
Neutral tone: ma (question particle) – no tone mark, light and short

轻声：ma (吗) – 无标记，轻短

Always learn the correct tone with every new word. A wrong tone can cause confusion: tāng (soup) vs. táng (sugar).

每学一个新词都要记住正确的声调。声调错误会造成混淆：tāng (汤) 还是 táng (糖)。

3. Greetings and Polite Language | 问候语与礼貌用语

Being able to greet people and use polite expressions is one of the first practical skills in Chinese. Here are the essentials for Year 7:

能够问候和使用礼貌用语是学习中文的第一项实用技能。以下是 Year 7 必须掌握的内容：

English	Chinese	Pinyin
Hello	你好	nǐ hǎo
Goodbye	再见	zàijiàn
Thank you	谢谢	xièxie
You’re welcome	不客气	bú kèqi
Sorry	对不起	duìbuqǐ
Please (request)	请	qǐng
How are you?	你好吗？	Nǐ hǎo ma?
I am fine.	我很好。	Wǒ hěn hǎo.
Good morning	早上好	zǎoshang hǎo
Good evening	晚上好	wǎnshang hǎo

Notice that ‘nǐ hǎo ma?’ is a common way to ask ‘How are you?’, and the response often repeats the adjective with ‘hěn’ (very). ‘Hěn hǎo’ means ‘very good’.

注意 “你好吗？” 是询问 “How are you?” 的常见方式，回答通常用 “很” 加上形容词。”很好” 意思是 “very good”。

4. Self-Introduction | 自我介绍

Introducing yourself involves giving your name, age, nationality and simple personal information. The basic structure uses the verb ‘jiào’ (to be called) and the verb ‘shì’ (to be).

自我介绍包括说出你的名字、年龄、国籍和简单的个人信息。基本结构使用动词 “叫”（叫做）和 “是”（是）。

Key sentences:

关键句子：

Wǒ jiào [Name]. (I am called [Name].)

我叫……。
Wǒ shì [Nationality] rén. (I am [Nationality] person.)

我是……人。
Wǒ [Age] suì. (I am [Age] years old.)

我……岁。
Wǒ shì xuésheng. (I am a student.)

我是学生。

For example: “Nǐ hǎo! Wǒ jiào Dàwǐ. Wǒ shì Yīngguó rén. Wǒ shí’èr suì. Wǒ shì xuésheng.”

例如：”你好！我叫大卫。我是英国人。我十二岁。我是学生。”

Remember that when stating your age, you simply say the number plus ‘suì’, without using a verb like ‘am’.

记住，说年龄时，直接说数字加 “岁”，不需要使用 “是” 之类的动词。

5. Numbers 0-100 and Age | 数字 0-100 与年龄

Mastering numbers up to 100 is fundamental for telling age, dates, prices and time. The Chinese counting system is very logical.

掌握数字 0 到 100 是表达年龄、日期、价格和时间的基础。中文的计数系统很有逻辑。

0-10: líng, yī, èr, sān, sì, wǔ, liù, qī, bā, jiǔ, shí

0-10: 零、一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、十

11-19: shí + unit (shíyī, shí’èr, …, shíjiǔ)

11-19: 十 + 个位数（十一、十二……十九）

20, 30, … 90: unit + shí (èrshí, sānshí, sìshí, etc.) Note that 2 in 20 is èr.

20, 30……90: 个位数 + 十（二十、三十、四十等）注意 “二” 在二十中是 èr。

Numbers in between: èrshí yī (21), sānshí wǔ (35).

中间的数字：二十一 (21)、三十五 (35)。

100 is ‘yībǎi’. For 101: yībǎi líng yī. The zero must be stated when there is a gap.

100 是 “一百”。101 是 “一百零一”，有间隙时必须读零。

When asking about age: “Nǐ jǐ suì?” (How old are you?). Answer: “Wǒ shí’èr suì.”

询问年龄：”你几岁？” 回答：”我十二岁。”

6. Dates, Days and Months | 日期、星期与月份

Talking about dates and days is a common topic. The order is from big to small: year, month, day, and the day of the week uses ‘xīngqī’ or ‘zhōu’.

谈论日期是常见话题。表达顺序由大到小：年、月、日，星期用 “星期” 或 “周”。

Months: yīyuè (January), èryuè, sānyuè… shí’èryuè. Simply add ‘yuè’ after the number.

月份：一月、二月、三月……十二月。数字后加 “月” 即可。

Days of the week: xīngqīyī (Monday), xīngqī’èr, xīngqīsān, xīngqīsì, xīngqīwǔ, xīngqīliù, xīngqīrì (or xīngqītiān for Sunday).

星期：星期一、星期二、星期三、星期四、星期五、星期六、星期日（或星期天）。

To say a full date: “Jīntiān shì èr líng yī jǐu nián wǔyuè èrshíjiǔ rì, xīngqīsān.” (Today is 29th May 2019, Wednesday).

完整日期：”今天是二零一九年五月二十九日，星期三。”

The question words: “Jīntiān shì jǐ yuè jǐ hào?” (What’s the date today?) and “Xīngqī jǐ?” (What day of the week?)

疑问词：”今天几月几号？” 和 “星期几？”

7. Family Members | 家庭成员

Chinese kinship terms are specific for older/younger and paternal/maternal lines, but in Year 7 we focus on immediate family.

中文的亲属称呼根据长幼和父方/母方区分得很细，但在 Year 7 我们重点学习直系亲属。

bàba (dad) / fùqin (father – formal)

爸爸 / 父亲
māma (mum) / mǔqin (mother – formal)

妈妈 / 母亲
gēge (older brother)

哥哥
dìdi (younger brother)

弟弟
jiějie (older sister)

姐姐
mèimei (younger sister)

妹妹
yéye (paternal grandpa)

爷爷
nǎinai (paternal grandma)

奶奶
wǒ jiā yǒu… (My family has…)

我家有……

To say how many people are in your family: “Wǒ jiā yǒu sì kǒu rén: bàba, māma, jiějie hé wǒ.” (There are four people in my family: dad, mum, older sister and me.)

表达家里有几人：”我家有四口人：爸爸、妈妈、姐姐和我。”

The measure word ‘kǒu’ is used for family members when counting people in a household. For general counting of people use ‘gè’ (e.g. sān gè péngyou).

量词 “口” 用于计算家庭人口数。一般数人数用 “个”（例如三个朋友）。

8. Colours and Simple Descriptions | 颜色与简单描述

Describing objects with colours and basic adjectives is a key skill. The most common colours are:

用颜色和基本形容词描述物体是一项关键技能。常见颜色有：

hóngsè (red) – 红色
huángsè (yellow) – 黄色
lánsè (blue) – 蓝色
lùsè (green) – 绿色
báisè (white) – 白色
hēisè (black) – 黑色
zǐsè (purple) – 紫色
fěnhóngsè (pink) – 粉红色

To describe a noun, place the colour before the noun with or without ‘de’: hóngsè de shǔbāo (red schoolbag) or hóng shǔbāo. Usually ‘sè’ can be dropped in spoken Chinese: lán tiān (blue sky).

描述名词时，把颜色放在名词前，可用 “的” 也可不用：红色的书包或红书包。口语中常省去 “色”：蓝天。

Other useful adjectives: dà (big), xiǎo (small), hǎo (good), piàoliang (pretty), guì (expensive), piányi (cheap). To say ‘very’ + adjective, use ‘hěn’: hěn dà, hěn piàoliang.

其他常用形容词：大、小、好、漂亮、贵、便宜。要表达 “很……”，用 “很”：很大、很漂亮。

9. Animals and Measure Words | 动物与量词

Learning animal names introduces the use of measure words (classifiers). In Chinese, you cannot say ‘one cat’ directly;

Published by TutorHao | Year 7 Chinese Revision Series | aleveler.com

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Year 7 OCR Chinese: Core Knowledge Essentials | Year 7 OCR 中文：核心知识点梳理