Year 7 OCR Geography: Vocabulary Memory Guide | Year 7 OCR 地理：词汇术语速记指南

📚 Year 7 OCR Geography: Vocabulary Memory Guide | Year 7 OCR 地理：词汇术语速记指南

Mastering geography starts with building a solid foundation of key terms. This guide covers the essential vocabulary for Year 7 OCR Geography, grouped by topic, with clear definitions and memorable explanations to help you learn and recall them quickly. Each term is introduced in English and followed by its Chinese equivalent so you can study bilingually.

学好地理，首先要打好关键术语的基础。本指南涵盖 Year 7 OCR 地理核心词汇，按主题分组，提供清晰的定义和易记的解释，帮助你快速学习和回忆。每个术语均以英文先介绍，再配以中文对应表达，方便你进行双语学习。

1. Map Skills | 地图技能

Map skills are the building blocks of geography. Understanding coordinates, scale and symbols allows you to read any map accurately. Here are the key terms you need to know.

地图技能是地理学的基石。理解坐标、比例尺和图例能让你准确阅读任何地图。以下是你需要掌握的核心术语。

Longitude – imaginary vertical lines running from pole to pole, measuring distance east or west of the Prime Meridian.	经线 – 连接两极的假想竖线，测量本初子午线以东或以西的距离。
Latitude – imaginary horizontal lines parallel to the Equator, measuring distance north or south.	纬线 – 平行于赤道的假想横线，测量北或南的距离。
Scale – the relationship between a distance on a map and the corresponding distance on the ground.	比例尺 – 地图上的距离与地面上实际距离之间的关系。
Grid reference – a set of numbers used to pinpoint a location on a map using eastings and northings.	网格坐标 – 使用东距和北距数字在地图上精确定位位置的一组数字。
Contour line – a line on a map joining points of equal height above sea level.	等高线 – 地图上连接海拔高度相同各点的线条。

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2. Weather and Climate | 天气与气候

Weather describes short-term atmospheric conditions, while climate is the average weather pattern over a long period. Recognising the difference is crucial for understanding global environments.

天气描述短期的大气状况，而气候是长期的平均天气模式。区分两者对于理解全球环境至关重要。

Precipitation – any form of water, such as rain, snow or hail, that falls from the atmosphere to the Earth’s surface.	降水 – 从大气中降落到地球表面的任何形式的水，如雨、雪或冰雹。
Temperature range – the difference between the maximum and minimum temperatures recorded over a given period.	气温较差 – 在某一时段内记录到的最高温度与最低温度之间的差值。
Wind vane – an instrument used to show the direction of the wind.	风向标 – 用于显示风向的仪器。
Anemometer – a device that measures wind speed.	风速计 – 测量风速的仪器。
Climate zone – a large area of the Earth with similar temperature and rainfall patterns throughout the year.	气候带 – 地球上全年温度和降水模式相似的大片区域。

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3. Rivers | 河流

Rivers shape the landscape through erosion, transportation and deposition. Learning the features of a river system will help you describe how the land is constantly changing.

河流通过侵蚀、搬运和沉积作用塑造地形。学习河流系统的特征将帮助你描述地貌如何不断变化。

Source – the starting point of a river, often found in upland areas such as hills or mountains.	源头 – 河流的起点，通常位于丘陵或山地等高地。
Mouth – the point where the river flows into the sea, a lake or a larger river.	河口 – 河流注入海洋、湖泊或更大河流的地点。
Tributary – a smaller river or stream that joins a larger river.	支流 – 汇入更大河流的小河流或溪流。
Meander – a pronounced bend in a river, formed by lateral erosion and deposition.	曲流 – 河流中明显的弯道，由侧向侵蚀和沉积作用形成。
Floodplain – the flat area on either side of a river that is naturally prone to flooding during periods of high discharge.	泛滥平原 – 河流两侧平坦的区域，在高流量时期易自然泛滥。

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4. Coasts | 海岸

The coastline is a dynamic boundary where land meets the sea. Waves, tides and currents constantly erode, transport and deposit material, creating distinctive landforms.

海岸线是陆地与海洋交汇的动态边界。海浪、潮汐和海流不断侵蚀、搬运和沉积物质，形成独特的地貌。

Erosion – the wearing away and removal of rock and soil by natural forces such as waves, wind and rain.	侵蚀 – 岩石和土壤被海浪、风、雨等自然力量磨损和搬运走的过程。
Longshore drift – the movement of sediment along the coast by waves approaching at an angle.	沿岸漂移 – 波浪以一定角度接近海岸时造成的沉积物沿海岸移动。
Headland – a narrow piece of land projecting into the sea, usually made of harder, more resistant rock.	岬角 – 伸入海中的狭长陆地，通常由较坚硬、抗侵蚀能力较强的岩石组成。
Bay – a curved coastal inlet formed where softer rock has been eroded more quickly.	海湾 – 较软岩石被更快侵蚀而形成的弯曲海岸凹入处。
Spit – a narrow ridge of sand or shingle that extends from the coast into the sea, built up by longshore drift.	沙嘴 – 由沿岸漂移作用形成的从海岸伸向海中的狭长沙或砾石脊。

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5. Settlement | 聚落

Settlements are places where people live, from tiny hamlets to huge cities. The site and situation of a settlement explain why it grew in a particular location, and we can describe its shape and function.

聚落是人们居住的地方，从小小的村庄到巨大的城市。聚落的地址与位置解释了它为何在某处发展起来，我们可以描述其形态和功能。

Site – the actual physical land on which a settlement is built.	地址 – 聚落实际建立于其上的物理土地。
Situation – the location of a settlement in relation to its surrounding features, such as rivers, roads and other settlements.	位置 – 聚落相对于周围特征（如河流、道路和其他聚落）的区位。
Linear settlement – a settlement pattern where buildings are arranged in a line, often along a road or river.	线形聚落 – 建筑物沿一条线排列的聚落形态，常沿道路或河流分布。
Dispersed settlement – a settlement pattern where individual buildings are spread out over a wide area, typical of rural farmland.	散居型聚落 – 单个建筑物分散在广阔区域的聚落形态，多见于农村耕地。
Function – the main purpose or economic activity of a settlement, such as market town, port or residential suburb.	功能 – 聚落的主要用途或经济活动，如集镇、港口或居住郊区。

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6. Population | 人口

Studying how populations change helps us understand why some places grow while others decline. Key indicators include birth rate, death rate and migration patterns.

研究人口如何变化有助于我们理解为什么有些地方人口增长而有些地方减少。关键指标包括出生率、死亡率和迁移模式。

Birth rate – the number of live births per 1,000 people per year.	出生率 – 每年每千人中活产婴儿的数量。
Death rate – the number of deaths per 1,000 people per year.	死亡率 – 每年每千人中的死亡人数。
Natural increase – the growth in population resulting from birth rates being higher than death rates.	自然增长 – 出生率高于死亡率所导致的人口增长。
Migration – the movement of people from one place to another, which can be internal or international.	迁移 – 人们从一个地方移居到另一个地方，可以是国内迁移或国际迁移。
Population density – the average number of people living per square kilometre.	人口密度 – 每平方公里平均居住的人口数量。

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7. Economic Activities | 经济活动

People carry out different types of work, classified into primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary sectors. Understanding these helps explain how economies develop and change over time.

人们从事不同类型的工作，可分为第一、第二、第三和第四产业。理解这些分类有助于解释经济如何随时间发展和变化。

Primary industry – the extraction of raw materials directly from the natural environment, e.g. farming, fishing and mining.	第一产业 – 直接从自然环境获取原材料，如农业、渔业和采矿业。
Secondary industry – the processing of raw materials into finished or semi-finished goods, e.g. manufacturing and construction.	第二产业 – 将原材料加工成成品或半成品，如制造业和建筑业。
Tertiary industry – the provision of services rather than goods, e.g. retail, education and healthcare.	第三产业 – 提供服务而非商品，如零售、教育和医疗保健。
Quaternary industry – knowledge-based industries focusing on research, ICT and innovation.	第四产业 – 基于知识的产业，专注于研究、信息通信技术和创新。
Globalisation – the increasing interconnectedness of the world through trade, technology and communication.	全球化 – 通过贸易、技术和通信使世界日益紧密联系的过程。

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8. Tectonic Hazards | 地质灾害

The Earth’s plates are constantly moving, and interactions at plate boundaries cause earthquakes and volcanoes. Learning the associated vocabulary helps you describe these powerful natural events accurately.

地球板块不断运动，板块交界处的相互作用导致地震和火山喷发。学习相关词汇有助于你准确描述这些强大的自然事件。

Plate boundary – the margin where two tectonic plates meet. It can be constructive, destructive or conservative.	板块边界 – 两个构造板块相遇的边缘，可以是建设型、破坏型或保守型。
Epicentre – the point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus of an earthquake.	震中 – 地震震源正上方的地球表面点。
Magma – molten rock stored beneath the Earth’s surface; when it erupts it is called lava.	岩浆 – 储存在地球表面下的熔融岩石；喷出后称为熔岩。
Seismometer – an instrument that detects and records the vibrations caused by earthquakes.	地震仪 – 检测和记录地震引起振动的仪器。
Tsunami – a large sea wave caused by an underwater earthquake or volcanic eruption.	海啸 – 由水下地震或火山喷发引起的巨大海浪。

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9. Ecosystems and Environment | 生态系统与环境

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with their physical surroundings. Key terms here describe the components and processes that keep ecosystems functioning.

生态系统是由生物群落与其物理环境相互作用的整体。这里的核心术语描述了维持生态系统运作的组成部分和过程。

Producer – an organism, usually a green plant, that makes its own food through photosynthesis.	生产者 – 通常为绿色植物，通过光合作用制造自身食物的生物。
Consumer – an organism that obtains energy by eating other organisms.	消费者 – 通过捕食其他生物获取能量的生物。
Food chain – a simple line showing what eats what, starting with a producer and ending with a top predator.	食物链 – 展示谁吃谁的简单序列，以生产者开始，以顶级捕食者结束。
Biome – a very large-scale ecosystem such as tropical rainforest or tundra, defined by its climate and dominant vegetation.	生物群系 – 一种大规模生态系统，如热带雨林或苔原，由其气候和优势植被定义。
Sustainability – using resources in a way that meets present needs without damaging the ability of future generations to meet theirs.	可持续性 – 以既满足当前需求又不损害后代满足其需求能力的方式使用资源。

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10. Fieldwork and Enquiry | 野外考察与探究

Geographical enquiry involves asking questions, collecting data and drawing conclusions. These terms are essential for planning and carrying out fieldwork investigations successfully.

地理探究涉及提出问题、收集数据和得出结论。这些术语对于成功规划和实施野外考察调查至关重要。

Hypothesis – a testable statement or prediction that guides an investigation.	假设 – 一项可检验的陈述或预测，用于指导调查。
Primary data – information collected first-hand by the researcher during fieldwork, such as surveys or measurements.	一手数据 – 研究人员在野外考察中直接收集的信息，如调查或测量数据。
Secondary data – information that has already been collected by someone else, such as maps, books or online sources.	二手数据 – 已由他人收集的信息，如地图、书籍或在线来源。
Sample – a small part of a population or area that is measured in order to estimate the characteristics of the whole.	样本 – 为估计整体特征而选取测量的部分人口或区域。
Conclusion – a final judgement based on the evidence gathered, explaining whether the hypothesis was supported or rejected.	结论 – 基于收集的证据做出的最终判断，说明假设是否得到支持或被否定。

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Published by TutorHao | Geography Revision Series | aleveler.com

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