📚 Year 7 SQA Chinese: Core Knowledge Points Review | 中文核心知识点梳理
This comprehensive guide covers the essential knowledge points in the Year 7 SQA Chinese course. Designed for beginners, it provides a structured overview of pinyin, characters, vocabulary, grammar, and cultural highlights. It serves as a valuable revision resource for students building a strong foundation in Mandarin Chinese.
本综合指南涵盖了七年级 SQA 中文课程的核心知识点。专为初学者设计，系统梳理了拼音、汉字、词汇、语法和文化亮点，为打下扎实中文基础的学生提供了一份宝贵的复习资料。
1. Pinyin and Tones | 拼音与声调
Pinyin is the romanisation system for Chinese. It uses initials (consonants), finals (vowels), and tone marks to represent pronunciation. Mastering pinyin is the first step to speaking and listening accurately.
拼音是中文的罗马字母拼写系统。它由声母、韵母和声调符号组成，用来表示发音。掌握拼音是说好和听懂中文的第一步。
There are four main tones plus a neutral tone. The first tone is high and level (mā), the second tone rises (má), the third tone dips and rises (mǎ), and the fourth tone falls sharply (mà). The neutral tone is light and short (ma).
普通话有四个主要声调和一个轻声。第一声高而平（mā），第二声上扬（má），第三声先降后升（mǎ），第四声急促下降（mà）。轻声则轻而短（ma）。
Learners should practise tone pairs, such as ‘tā qù’ (he/she goes), to build fluency. Common initials include b, p, m, f, d, t, n, l, g, k, h, j, q, x, zh, ch, sh, r, z, c, s.
学习者应练习声调组合，如“tā qù”（他/她去），以提高流利度。常见声母有 b, p, m, f, d, t, n, l, g, k, h, j, q, x, zh, ch, sh, r, z, c, s。
| Tone | Mark | Example | Meaning |
| 1st | ¯ (macron) | mā | mother |
| 2nd | ´ (acute) | má | hemp |
| 3rd | ˇ (caron) | mǎ | horse |
| 4th | ` (grave) | mà | scold |
| Neutral | none | ma | question particle |
2. Basics of Chinese Characters | 汉字书写基础
Chinese characters are logograms formed by strokes. Each character is written in an imaginary square space, following a specific stroke order. Learning the correct order improves handwriting and memorisation.
汉字是由笔画构成的语素文字。每个汉字书写在虚拟的方格中，按照特定的笔顺进行。学习正确的笔顺有助于提高书写和记忆效果。
There are eight basic strokes: dot (diǎn), horizontal (héng), vertical (shù), hooked vertical (shù gōu), rising (tí), left-falling (piě), right-falling (nà), and hook (gōu). Radicals are recurring components that often hint at meaning.
基本笔画有八种：点、横、竖、竖钩、提、撇、捺、钩。部首是反复出现的构件，往往提示字义，如“口”部首与嘴巴有关。
Examples: the character ‘yī’ (one) is a single horizontal stroke. ‘Rén’ (person) is formed by a left-falling and a right-falling stroke. Radicals like ‘氵’ (three drops of water) appear in words related to water, e.g., ‘hǎi’ (sea).
例如：“一”是一个单独的横笔。“人”由一撇一捺构成。部首如“氵”（三点水）出现在与水有关的字中，如“海”。
The basic stroke order rules are: top to bottom, left to right, horizontal before vertical, outside before inside, and closing stroke last. Practising with grid paper helps develop neat characters.
基本笔顺规则是：先上后下、先左后右、先横后竖、先外后内、最后封口。用田字格练习有助于写出工整的汉字。
3. Greetings and Politeness | 日常问候与礼貌用语
Greeting people appropriately is essential in Chinese culture. The most common greeting is ‘nǐ hǎo’ (hello). To show respect, use ‘nín hǎo’ for elders or teachers. ‘Xièxie’ means thank you, and ‘bú kèqì’ means you’re welcome.
恰当地问候他人是中华文化中的重要部分。最常见的问候语是“你好”。对长辈或老师用“您好”表示尊敬。“谢谢”表示感谢，“不客气”表示不用谢。
When apologising, say ‘duìbuqǐ’ (sorry). The polite response is ‘méi guānxi’ (it’s okay). ‘Zàijiàn’ means goodbye. In more casual settings, ‘bāibāi’ (bye-bye) is also used among young people.
道歉时说“对不起”，礼貌的回答是“没关系”。“再见”表示告别。在较随意的场合，年轻人也会用“拜拜”。
Other useful phrases include ‘qǐng wèn’ (excuse me, may I ask…), ‘qǐng jìn’ (please come in), and ‘qǐng zuò’ (please sit). These show politeness in everyday interactions.
其他常用短语包括“请问”（打扰一下），“请进”（请进来）和“请坐”。这些都在日常交流中体现出礼貌。
4. Self-introduction and Family | 自我介绍与家庭
In Year 7, students learn to introduce themselves: ‘Wǒ jiào…’ (My name is…), ‘Wǒ shì… rén’ (I am a … person), and ‘Wǒ … suì’ (I am … years old). They also talk about their nationality and where they come from.
在七年级，学生要学习自我介绍：“我叫……”、“我是……人”（我是某国人）和“我……岁”。他们也会谈论国籍和来自哪里。
Family vocabulary is key: bàba (dad), māma (mum), gēge (older brother), jiějie (older sister), dìdi (younger brother), mèimei (younger sister). The pattern ‘Wǒ jiā yǒu … kǒu rén’ is used to state how many people are in a family.
家庭词汇很重要：爸爸、妈妈、哥哥、姐姐、弟弟、妹妹。句型“我家有……口人”用来表达家里有几口人。
Example: ‘Wǒ jiā yǒu sì kǒu rén: bàba, māma, jiějie hé wǒ.’ (There are four people in my family: dad, mum, older sister and me.) Students can also describe pets, e.g., ‘Wǒ yǒu yì zhī gǒu.’ (I have a dog.)
例句：“我家有四口人：爸爸、妈妈、姐姐和我。” 学生也可以描述宠物，如“我有一只狗”。
5. Numbers and Counting | 数字与计数
Numbers are fundamental for telling age, time, and prices. The basic numbers are: 1 yī, 2 èr, 3 sān, 4 sì, 5 wǔ, 6 liù, 7 qī, 8 bā, 9 jiǔ, 10 shí. The number 0 is líng.
数字是表达年龄、时间和价格的基础。基本数字为：1 一、2 二、3 三、4 四、5 五、6 六、7 七、8 八、9 九、10 十。0 是零。
For numbers 11-99, the pattern is logical: 11 is shíyī (ten-one), 20 is èrshí (two-ten), 21 is èrshíyī (two-ten-one). 100 is yì bǎi, and 1,000 is yì qiān. Larger numbers require correct place values.
数字 11-99 的构成很有规律：11 是十一，20 是二十，21 是二十一。100 是一百，1000 是一千。更大的数字需要正确运用数位。
Use ‘jǐ’ (how many) in questions: ‘Nǐ yǒu jǐ gè xiōngdì jiěmèi?’ (How many siblings do you have?) When counting objects, a measure word is always needed, e.g., yí gè píngguǒ (one apple).
用“几”提问：“你有几个兄弟姐妹？” 数数时需要搭配量词，如“一个苹果”。
6. Colors and Basic Adjectives | 颜色与基本形容词
Colour terms are ‘hóngsè’ (red), ‘huángsè’ (yellow), ‘lánsè’ (blue), ‘lǜsè’ (green), ‘báisè’ (white), ‘hēisè’ (black), ‘zǐsè’ (purple), and ‘huīsè’ (grey). In daily speech, ‘-sè’ is often dropped: ‘hóng’, ‘huáng’, etc.
颜色词有“红色、黄色、蓝色、绿色、白色、黑色、紫色、灰色”。在日常口语中，“色”常被省略，如“红”、“黄”等。
Basic adjectives include dà (big), xiǎo (small), gāo (tall/high), ǎi (short), měilì (beautiful), shuài (handsome), hǎo (good), and měi (pretty). Adjectives can directly modify nouns with ‘de’: hǎo de shū (good book).
基本形容词包括大、小、高、矮、美丽、帅、好、美等。形容词可以直接修饰名词，加“的”，如“好的书”。
To describe things, the pattern ‘Noun + hěn + Adjective’ is used, e.g., ‘Zhège píngguǒ hěn hóng’ (This apple is very red). Learners often confuse ‘hěn’ with ‘very’, but in Chinese it is often a filler word before adjectives in neutral statements.
描述事物时常用“名词 + 很 + 形容词”的结构，如“这个苹果很红”。学习者常把“很”理解为“非常”，但在中性陈述中它常是形容词前的填充词。
7. Time and Dates | 时间与日期
Telling time in Chinese uses the pattern ‘diǎn’ (o’clock) and ‘fēn’ (minute). For example, 3:15 is ‘sān diǎn shíwǔ fēn’ or ‘sān diǎn yí kè’ (a quarter past three). Half past is expressed with ‘bàn’.
汉语表达时间使用“点”和“分”。例如，3:15 是“三点十五分”或“三点一刻”。半点用“半”表示，如“三点半”。
Days of the week are formed by adding ‘xīngqī’ before numbers 1-6, and ‘xīngqīrì’ or ‘xīngqītiān’ for Sunday. Months follow ‘yuè’: yīyuè (January), èryuè (February). Dates use ‘hào’ or ‘rì’ after the number.
星期一到星期六由“星期”加数字一到六构成，星期日/星期天是第七天。月份用“月”：一月、二月。日期用数字加“号”或“日”。
Example: ‘Jīntiān shì xīngqīsān, sānyuè èrshí hào’ (Today is Wednesday, March 20th). Key time words: jīntiān (today), míngtiān (tomorrow), zuótiān (yesterday), xiànzài (now), zǎoshang (morning), wǎnshang (evening).
例句：“今天是星期三，三月二十号”。关键时间词：今天、明天、昨天、现在、早上、晚上。
8. Basic Sentence Structures | 简单句法结构
Chinese follows a Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) order, similar to English. For example, ‘Wǒ chī píngguǒ’ (I eat an apple). The verb ‘shì’ (to be) links two nouns, as in ‘Tā shì lǎoshī’ (She is a teacher).
中文语序为主-谓-宾，与英语类似。例如，“我吃苹果”。动词“是”连接两个名词，如“她是老师”。
The verb ‘yǒu’ expresses possession or existence: ‘Wǒ yǒu yì běn shū’ (I have a book). Adjectives can serve as predicates without a verb: ‘Tā hěn gāo’ (He is tall). This is called adjectival predicate.
动词“有”表拥有或存在：“我有一本书”。形容词可以直接作谓语，称为形容词谓语句：“他很高”。
Negative forms use ‘bù’ before verbs, except ‘yǒu’ which uses ‘méi’: ‘Wǒ bú shì xuéshēng’ (I am not a student), ‘Wǒ méi yǒu shū’ (I don’t have a book). For past negation, ‘méi’ is used: ‘Wǒ méi qù’ (I didn’t go).
否定形式在动词前加“不”，但“有”用“没”否定：“我不是学生”，“我没有书”。过去否定也用“没”：“我没去”。
9. Common Measure Words | 常用量词
Measure words (liàngcí) are essential when quantifying nouns. The most general is ‘gè’ (个), used for people and many everyday objects. Others are specific to the type of noun.
量词在量化名词时必不可少。最通用的是“个”，用于人和许多日常物体。其他量词则根据名词的类型而定。
| Measure Word | Usage | Example |
| gè (个) | general; people, fruit | yí gè rén (one person) |
| běn (本) | books, volumes | yì běn shū (one book) |
| zhāng (张) | flat objects (paper, tables) | yì zhāng zhǐ (one sheet of paper) |
| zhī (只) | small animals, one of a pair | yì zhī māo (one cat) |
| tiáo (条) | long, flexible things (fish, road) | yì tiáo yú (one fish) |
| jiàn (件) | affairs, clothes | yí jiàn yīfu (one piece of clothing) |
When asking about quantity, ‘duōshao’ or ‘jǐ + measure word’ is used: ‘Nǐ yǒu duōshao gè píngguǒ?’ (How many apples do you have?). Remember that the numeral ‘two’ is ‘èr’ in counting, but ‘liǎng’ before a measure word: liǎng gè (two).
询问数量时用“多少”或“几 + 量词”：“你有多少个苹果？” 注意，数字“二”在计数时使用，但量词前要用“两”：“两个”。
10. Cultural Insights | 文化点滴
The Year 7 course often introduces Chinese festivals and customs. The most important is Chūnjié (Spring Festival/Chinese New Year), when families reunite, set off firecrackers, and give hóngbāo (red envelopes with money). The colour red symbolises luck and happiness.
七年级课程常介绍中国节日和习俗。最重要的是春节，家人团聚，放鞭炮，发红包。红色象征好运和幸福。
Another major festival is Zhōngqiūjié (Mid-Autumn Festival), celebrated with mooncakes and lanterns. The story of Cháng’é flying to the moon is often told. The Chinese zodiac (shēngxiào) assigns an animal to each year in a 12-year cycle.
另一个重要节日是中秋节，吃月饼，赏花灯。嫦娥奔月的故事广为流传。生肖以12年为一个循环，每年一种动物。
Classroom etiquette: students are expected to greet teachers politely, listen attentively, and show respect for calligraphy. Using both hands to give or receive a gift is a sign of good manners.
课堂礼仪：学生应礼貌问候老师，专心听讲，尊重书法。用双手递接物品是良好教养的体现。
Understanding these cultural elements enriches language learning and helps students connect with the Chinese-speaking world beyond vocabulary and grammar.
理解这些文化元素能丰富语言学习，帮助学生在词汇和语法之外，与中文世界建立更深的联系。
Published by TutorHao | Chinese Revision Series | aleveler.com
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