📚 Year 7 SQA Media Studies: Quick Guide to Key Vocabulary Terms | 7年级SQA媒体：关键术语速记指南
This quick guide introduces the essential vocabulary used in Year 7 SQA Media Studies. Learning these terms will help you describe, analyse, and create media texts with confidence. Each term includes a simple definition to build a solid foundation for your media literacy journey.
本快速指南介绍了7年级SQA媒体研究中使用的关键术语。学习这些术语将帮助你自信地描述、分析和创作媒体文本。每个术语都包含简明定义，为你的媒体素养之旅打下坚实基础。
1. Camera Shots and Angles | 镜头景别与角度
Establishing Shot (ES): A wide shot usually shown at the very beginning of a scene. It reveals the location and sets the context before the action unfolds.
定场镜头(ES)：通常在场景开头出现的广角镜头。它在情节展开前展示地点，并提供背景信息。
Long Shot (LS): The camera is positioned far from the subject, showing the entire body and a significant portion of the surroundings. It is often used to stress the relationship between the character and the environment.
远景镜头(LS)：相机距离主体较远，展示全身以及周围的大部分环境。常用于强调角色与环境之间的关系。
Medium Shot (MS): Frames the subject from around the waist upwards. This shot feels natural, often used for dialogue scenes, allowing viewers to see facial expressions and gestures.
中景镜头(MS)：从腰部左右取景到头顶。这种镜头感觉自然，常用于对话场景，让观众看到面部表情和手势。
Close-Up (CU): Tightly frames a person’s face or a specific detail of an object. It highlights emotions, reactions, or important narrative elements.
特写镜头(CU)：紧凑地取景人物的面部或物体的特定细节。它突出情绪、反应或重要的叙事元素。
Low Angle: The camera looks up at the subject from below. This makes the subject appear powerful, dominant, or intimidating.
低角度镜头：相机从低处向上拍摄主体。这使得主体显得强大、具有支配力或令人生畏。
High Angle: The camera looks down on the subject from above. This diminishes the subject, making them appear vulnerable, weak, or insignificant.
高角度镜头：相机从高处向下拍摄主体。这会矮化主体，使其显得脆弱、弱小或无足轻重。
2. Camera Movements | 镜头运动
Pan: A horizontal camera movement where the camera stays fixed on a tripod but sweeps left or right. It is used to follow action or scan a wide landscape.
摇镜：相机固定在三脚架上，但水平向左或向右旋转。用于跟随动作或扫视宽阔的景观。
Tilt: Similar to a pan but vertically, moving the camera up or down on a fixed axis. A tilt upward can make a building feel towering.
俯仰镜头：与摇镜相似但是垂直方向，相机在固定轴上向上或向下移动。向上俯仰可使建筑显得高耸。
Zoom: Changing the focal length of the lens so the subject appears to come closer or move farther away without the camera physically moving.
变焦：改变镜头焦距，让主体看起来变近或变远，而相机并未实际移动。
Tracking Shot / Dolly Shot: The camera is mounted on a wheeled platform or track and physically follows the subject or moves through a space. This creates a sense of immersion.
轨道镜头/推拉镜头：相机安装在轮式平台或轨道上，实际跟随主体或在空间中移动。这营造出一种沉浸感。
Handheld Camera: The camera is held by the operator, resulting in a shaky, unsteady image. It is often used to create realism or a sense of chaos in documentary-style sequences.
手持摄影：摄影师手持相机，画面会晃动、不稳定。常用于纪录片风格的片段，营造真实感或混乱感。
3. Mise-en-scène | 场面调度
Setting: The location or background where the action takes place. It sets the mood and provides context, whether a busy city street, a quiet classroom, or a futuristic spaceship.
场景：动作发生的地点或背景。它营造氛围并提供背景，无论是繁忙的城市街道、安静的教室还是未来派飞船。
Costume: The clothing worn by characters. Costume immediately signals time period, social status, occupation, and personality.
服装：角色穿着的衣物。服装能立刻显示时代、社会地位、职业和个性。
Props: Short for ‘properties’, these are the objects that characters interact with or hold. A sword, a smartphone, or a coffee cup can all drive the story forward.
道具：“property”的简写，指角色互动或拿持的物品。一把剑、一部智能手机或一只咖啡杯都可以推动故事发展。
Make-up: Applied to actors to enhance, change, or exaggerate their appearance. It can age a character, create scars, or transform a human into a creature.
化妆：施加于演员以增强、改变或夸大其外貌。它可以使角色变老、制造伤疤或将人变成怪物。
Colour Palette: The deliberate choice of colours in the set, costumes, and lighting. Warm colours (red, orange) can suggest passion or danger; cool colours (blue, green) often feel calm or sad.
色彩搭配：在布景、服装和灯光中对色彩的刻意选择。暖色（红、橙）可暗示激情或危险；冷色（蓝、绿）常让人感觉平静或悲伤。
4. Sound | 声音
Diegetic Sound: Any sound that belongs inside the world of the film. Characters can hear it, such as footsteps, a ringing phone, or rain hitting a window.
剧情声音：属于电影世界内部的任何声音。角色可以听到它，例如脚步声、电话铃声或雨打窗户。
Non-diegetic Sound: Sound added during post-production that characters cannot hear. This includes the film’s musical score and voice-over narration.
非剧情声音：在后期制作中加入的角色听不到的声音。这包括电影配乐和旁白。
Dialogue: The spoken words between characters. Dialogue reveals personality, advances the plot, and can build tension.
对白：角色之间的台词。对白揭示人物个性、推进情节并能营造张力。
Sound Effects (SFX): Artificial sounds that are added to emphasize actions or create a mood. Examples include explosions, creaking doors, or magical swooshes.
音效(SFX)：添加的人工声音，用于强调动作或营造情绪。例子包括爆炸声、吱吱作响的门或魔法嗖嗖声。
Ambient Sound: Background noise that establishes a location’s atmosphere, such as birds chirping in a forest or the hum of air conditioning in an office.
环境音：营造地点氛围的背景噪音，比如森林里的鸟鸣或办公室里空调的嗡嗡声。
5. Editing | 剪辑
Cut: The simplest transition where one shot instantly replaces another. It is the most common way to move from one image to the next.
切：最简单的转场，一个镜头立刻替换为另一个镜头。这是从一个画面过渡到下一个画面最常用的方法。
Fade: A gradual transition. A fade-out darkens the image to black, while a fade-in lightens it from black. Fades often signal the end or beginning of a scene.
淡入淡出：一种渐变的转场。淡出是画面渐渐变黑，淡入是从黑色渐渐亮起。淡入淡出通常表示一场戏的结束或开始。
Dissolve: Two shots briefly overlap, with one fading out as the next fades in. It can suggest a passing of time or a connection between images.
叠化：两个镜头短暂重叠，前一个淡出的同时后一个淡入。它可以暗示时间的流逝或画面之间的联系。
Montage: A sequence of short shots edited together to compress time, information, or emotion. A training montage shows a character’s development quickly.
蒙太奇：一组短镜头剪辑在一起，以压缩时间、信息或情感。训练蒙太奇能迅速展现角色的成长。
Continuity Editing: A style that aims to make the edit invisible, keeping the story flowing smoothly and logically, so viewers focus on the narrative without getting confused by space or time.
连贯剪辑：一种旨在让剪辑不着痕迹的风格，使故事流畅、逻辑地展开，让观众专注于叙事而不会因空间或时间感到困惑。
6. Lighting | 灯光
High-Key Lighting: Bright, even illumination with few shadows. It is often used in comedies, sitcoms, and musicals to create an upbeat, clear atmosphere.
高调照明：明亮、均匀的光线，阴影很少。常用于喜剧、情景喜剧和音乐剧，营造欢快、清晰的氛围。
Low-Key Lighting: Creates strong contrasts and deep, dark shadows. It is a hallmark of horror films, film noir, and thrillers, evoking mystery and tension.
低调照明：制造强烈对比和深暗阴影。它是恐怖片、黑色电影和惊悚片的标志，唤起神秘与紧张感。
Key Light: The primary source of light on a subject. It provides the main illumination and defines the overall shadow pattern.
主光：照在主体上的主要光源。它提供主要照明并决定整体的阴影形态。
Fill Light: A softer light placed opposite the key light to reduce harsh shadows without eliminating them completely.
辅助光：放置在主光对面的柔和光线，用于减弱生硬阴影而不完全消除它们。
Three-Point Lighting: The standard lighting setup using a key light, a fill light, and a back light (which separates the subject from the background). This technique gives a scene depth and dimension.
三点照明：使用主光、辅助光和背光（将主体与背景分离）的标准布光方法。这种技术给场景带来深度和立体感。
7. Genre | 类型
Genre: A category of media text defined by shared conventions, themes, or styles. Common film genres include horror, science fiction, comedy, and romance.
类型：由共同的惯例、主题或风格定义的媒体文本类别。常见的电影类型包括恐怖片、科幻片、喜剧片和爱情片。
Conventions: The expected ingredients or rules within a genre. A horror convention might be a haunted house setting or a ‘jump scare’ editing technique.
惯例：某一类型中人们预期的要素或规则。恐怖类型的惯例可能是闹鬼的房子背景或“突发惊吓”的剪辑手法。
Iconography: The visual symbols and objects repeatedly associated with a genre. Westerns have cowboy hats and horses; sci-fi has laser guns and spaceships.
图像志：与某类型反复关联的视觉符号和物体。西部片有牛仔帽和马；科幻片有激光枪和宇宙飞船。
Hybrid Genre: A text that combines conventions from two or more genres, such as a romantic comedy (romance + comedy) or a sci-fi horror.
混合类型：结合了两个或更多类型惯例的文本，例如爱情喜剧（爱情+喜剧）或科幻恐怖片。
8. Narrative | 叙事
Plot: The organised sequence of events presented to the audience. It may be arranged in chronological order or shuffled through techniques like flashbacks.
情节：呈现给观众的有组织的事件序列。它可以按时间顺序排列，也可以通过闪回等手法打乱。
Linear Narrative: A story told in the order that events happen, moving from beginning to middle to end without time jumps.
线性叙事：按事件发生顺序讲述的故事，从开头到中间再到结尾，没有时间跳跃。
Flashback: An editing technique that interrupts the present action to show an event from the past. It provides backstory and helps explain a character’s motivation.
闪回：一种剪辑手法，打断当前动作，展现过去发生的事件。它提供背景故事，帮助解释角色的动机。
Equilibrium: The initial state of balance and order in a story. According to Todorov’s narrative theory, this is disrupted by an event, leading to a chain of actions until a new equilibrium is restored.
平衡：故事中最初的平衡有序状态。根据托多罗夫的叙事理论，这一状态被某个事件打破，引发一系列行动，直到新的平衡恢复。
Enigma Code: A narrative device that creates a puzzle or mystery for the audience to solve. It keeps viewers engaged by raising questions that are answered later.
谜题编码：一种为观众设置谜题或悬念的叙事手法。它通过提出问题并在稍后解答，保持观众的参与度。
9. Representation | 表征
Stereotype: A simplified, often exaggerated portrayal of a group of people based on a few characteristics. Stereotypes can be harmful because they ignore individual differences.
刻板印象：基于少数特征对一群人进行的简化的、往往夸张的描绘。刻板印象可能产生危害，因为它忽略了个体差异。
Archetype: A universally recognised character model that appears in stories across cultures, such as the hero, the mentor, or the trickster. Archetypes serve as narrative shortcuts.
原型：跨文化故事中普遍出现的角色模型，如英雄、导师或捣蛋鬼。原型是叙事的快捷方式。
Positive Representation: When a group is portrayed in a fair, complex, and respectful manner, showing their diversity and humanity.
正面表征：当某个群体以公正、复杂和尊重的方式被描绘，展示其多样性和人性。
Token Character: A character included only to give the appearance of diversity, without meaningful integration into the story. Their presence avoids genuine representation.
象征性角色：仅仅为了表现多样性而加入的角色，却没有真正融入故事。他们的存在回避了真正的表征。
Under-Representation: The insufficient or absent portrayal of certain groups in media texts compared to their presence in real society. It can make these groups feel invisible.
表征不足：与真实社会中的比例相比，某些群体在媒体文本中缺乏或没有呈现。这会让这些群体感到被忽视。
10. Audience | 受众
Target Audience: The specific group of people a media text is created for, often defined by age, gender, interests, or lifestyle. Producers carefully research this group to tailor content.
目标受众：媒体文本为其创作的特定人群，通常由年龄、性别、兴趣或生活方式定义。制作者仔细研究这个群体来定制内容。
Demographics: Statistical data about a population used to segment audiences, such as age, income, occupation, and education level.
人口统计特征：用于细分受众的群体统计数据，如年龄、收入、职业和教育水平。
Psychographics: A way of classifying audiences based on their attitudes, values, beliefs, and personality traits rather than just external facts.
心理统计特征：根据受众的态度、价值观、信仰和个性特质而非仅仅依据外部事实来分类的方式。
Active Audience: A theory that audiences do not simply accept media messages but actively interpret and make their own meanings based on their background and experiences.
主动受众：一种理论，认为受众不是简单地接受媒体信息，而是根据自己的背景和经历主动解读并创造自己的意义。
Uses and Gratifications: An audience theory suggesting people use media to fulfil specific needs, such as being informed (surveillance), feeling connected (personal relationships), defining identity, or escaping reality (diversion).
使用与满足：一种受众理论，认为人们使用媒体来满足特定需求，例如获取信息（监视）、感到联结（人际关系）、界定身份或逃避现实（消遣）。
Published by TutorHao | Media Studies Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
屏轩国际教育cambridge primary/secondary checkpoint, cat4, ukiset,ukcat,igcse,alevel,PAT,STEP,MAT, ibdp,ap,ssat,sat,sat2课程辅导，国外大学本科硕士研究生博士课程论文辅导