Year 7 WJEC PE: Key Vocabulary Quick Reference Guide | Year 7 WJEC 体育：词汇术语速记指南

📚 Year 7 WJEC PE: Key Vocabulary Quick Reference Guide | Year 7 WJEC 体育：词汇术语速记指南

Mastering the language of Physical Education is the first step towards improving both performance and understanding in Year 7 WJEC PE. This guide organises essential vocabulary into clear, bite-sized categories, pairing English terms with their Chinese equivalents and simple definitions, so you can memorise them faster and apply them with confidence during lessons and assessments.

掌握体育学科的语言是提高 Year 7 WJEC 体育表现力和理解力的第一步。本指南将核心词汇按照清晰、易消化的类别进行整理，并为每个英文术语配对了中文释义和简洁定义，帮助你更快记忆，并在课堂和测评中自信运用。

1. Movement and Actions | 动作与行为术语

Understanding how to describe movement is fundamental. These terms often appear in warm-ups, skill drills, and feedback from your teacher.

理解如何描述动作是基础。这些术语常出现在热身、技能练习和老师的反馈中。

Locomotion – moving from one place to another.
位移 – 从一个地方移动到另一个地方。
Agility – the ability to change direction quickly while staying in control.
灵敏性 – 快速改变方向同时保持控制的能力。
Rotation – turning around a central point or axis.
旋转 – 围绕中心点或轴转动。
Extension – straightening or stretching a body part.
伸展 – 伸直或拉伸身体某部位。
Flexion – bending a joint to decrease the angle.
屈曲 – 弯曲关节使角度变小。

2. Body Parts and Major Muscles | 身体部位与主要肌肉

Knowing the names of key muscles helps you target training and prevent injury. In WJEC PE you will often refer to these when analysing movement.

了解主要肌肉的名称有助于进行针对性训练和预防受伤。在 WJEC 体育课程中，分析动作时你会经常用到这些词。

English	中文	Simple definition
Biceps	肱二头肌	Front of upper arm, bends the elbow
Triceps	肱三头肌	Back of upper arm, straightens the elbow
Quadriceps	股四头肌	Front of thigh, straightens the knee
Hamstrings	腘绳肌	Back of thigh, bends the knee
Abdominals	腹肌	Stomach muscles, help posture and core strength

3. Components of Fitness | 体适能要素

Fitness is split into health-related and skill-related components. These are the building blocks of any training programme and are assessed through fitness tests.

体适能分为健康相关和技能相关两大类。这些要素是任何训练计划的基础，并会通过体适能测试进行评估。

Cardiovascular endurance – ability of heart and lungs to supply oxygen during exercise.
心血管耐力 – 运动时心、肺为身体供氧的能力。
Muscular strength – the maximum force a muscle can exert.
肌肉力量 – 肌肉能产生的最大力。
Flexibility – range of movement around a joint.
柔韧性 – 关节的活动范围。
Balance – keeping the body stable whether still or moving.
平衡能力 – 静止或运动中保持身体稳定。
Coordination – using two or more body parts smoothly together.
协调性 – 两个或多个身体部位顺畅配合。
Speed – how fast you can move.
速度 – 身体移动的快慢。

4. Principles of Training | 训练原则

To improve fitness safely, you need to follow these principles. The acronyms FITT and SPORT are especially important in WJEC PE.

想要安全地提升体适能，你需要遵循这些原则。在 WJEC 体育中，FITT 和 SPORT 是两个特别重要的缩写词。

FITT – Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type (of exercise).
FITT 原则 – 频率、强度、时间、类型（运动类型）。
Frequency – how often you train.
频率 – 训练频次。
Intensity – how hard you work.
强度 – 训练时的努力程度。
Time – how long each session lasts.
时间 – 每次训练的持续时间。
Type – what kind of exercise you do.
类型 – 你进行的运动种类。
Specificity – training must match your sport or goal.
针对性 – 训练必须与你的运动项目或目标相符。
Progressive overload – gradually increasing stress on the body to improve.
渐进性超负荷 – 逐渐增加身体负荷以取得进步。

5. Sports Skills and Technique | 运动技能与技术

When learning any sport, you move through stages of skill development. These terms describe how you control and refine your movements.

学习任何运动时，都会经历技能发展的不同阶段。这些术语描述了你如何控制和完善自己的动作。

Technique – the correct way to perform a skill.
技术 – 完成一项技能的正确方法。
Open skill – performed in a changing environment (e.g. a pass in football).
开放式技能 – 在变化的环境中完成的技能（例如足球传球）。
Closed skill – performed in a predictable, stable environment (e.g. a free throw in netball).
闭锁式技能 – 在可预测的稳定环境中完成的技能（例如篮网球罚球）。
Gross motor skill – involves large muscle groups (e.g. running).
大肌肉群动作技能 – 动用大肌肉群的技能（例如跑步）。
Fine motor skill – uses small muscles with precision (e.g. a dart throw).
精细动作技能 – 精准动用小肌肉的技能（例如掷飞镖）。

6. Health, Safety and Injury Prevention | 健康、安全与损伤预防

Staying safe is just as important as performing well. These terms will help you understand how to prepare your body and reduce risks.

保持安全和表现优异同样重要。这些术语能帮助你理解如何让身体做好准备并降低风险。

Warm-up – gentle exercise to prepare the body for activity.
热身 – 为活动做准备的轻度运动。
Cool-down – light exercise after activity to help recovery.
整理运动 – 活动后进行的轻度运动，有助于恢复。
RICE – Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation (first aid for soft tissue injuries).
RICE 原则 – 休息、冰敷、加压、抬高（软组织损伤急救方法）。
Hydration – taking in enough water before, during and after exercise.
补水 – 运动前、中、后摄入足够水分。
Overuse injury – damage caused by repeating the same movement too often.
过度使用性损伤 – 因同一动作重复过度而造成的损伤。

7. Team Sports Terminology | 团队运动术语

Team games use a shared vocabulary for tactics and positions. Mastering these words will improve your communication on the pitch or court.

团队运动在战术和位置方面有一套共通的词汇。掌握这些词语能提升你在场上的沟通能力。

Attack / Offence – trying to score points or goals.
进攻 – 试图得分或进球。
Defence – trying to stop the opposition from scoring.
防守 – 阻止对方得分。
Marking – staying close to an opponent to prevent them from receiving the ball.
盯人防守 – 紧贴对手使其难以接球。
Possession – when your team has control of the ball.
控球权 – 本方队伍控制球权的状态。
Tackle – trying to win the ball from an opponent.
抢断 – 努力从对手脚下夺得球权。
Formation – how players are arranged on the field (e.g. 4-4-2 in football).
阵型 – 球员在场上排列的形式（例如足球中的 4-4-2）。

8. Individual Sports and Athletics Vocabulary | 个人运动与田径词汇

Even in individual sports, you need precise words to describe performance. These terms appear frequently in athletics, gymnastics, and swimming.

即使是在个人运动中，也需要准确的用词来描述表现。以下术语经常出现在田径、体操和游泳项目中。

Pacing – controlling speed to maintain energy over a distance.
配速 – 控制速度以在整个距离中保持能量。
Streamlining – making the body shape as smooth as possible to reduce drag (in swimming).
流线型 – 使身体形态尽可能平滑以减少阻力（游泳中）。
Take-off – the moment you leave the ground in a jump.
起跳 – 跳跃中离开地面的瞬间。
Landing – how you return to the ground after a jump or vault.
落地 – 跳跃或跳马后回到地面的方式。
Stamina – another word for endurance; the ability to keep going.
耐力 – 持久进行活动的能力。

9. Anatomy Basics: Bones and Joints | 基础解剖：骨骼与关节

Your skeleton provides the framework for movement. Learning the names of major bones and joints helps you understand how levers work in the body.

骨骼为运动提供了框架。学习主要骨骼和关节的名称有助于你理解杠杆在人体中的工作原理。

English	中文	Joint type / function
Femur	股骨	Thigh bone; longest bone in the body
Tibia	胫骨	Shin bone; bears weight
Humerus	肱骨	Upper arm bone
Ball and socket joint	球窝关节	Allows movement in many directions (shoulder, hip)
Hinge joint	铰链关节	Allows bending and straightening (elbow, knee)

10. Feedback and Self-Assessment | 反馈与自我评估

In PE, you are often asked to evaluate your own performance or that of others. These words help you give clear, helpful feedback.

在体育课上，你经常需要评估自己或他人的表现。以下词语能帮助你给出清晰而有帮助的反馈。

Self-assessment – judging your own strengths and areas to improve.
自我评估 – 判断自己的优势和需要改进的地方。
Peer feedback – advice from a classmate about your performance.
同伴反馈 – 同学对你的表现提出的建议。
Qualitative – described in words, not numbers (e.g. ‘your footwork was quick’).
定性评价 – 用文字而非数字来描述（例如“你的脚步很快”）。
Quantitative – measured with numbers (e.g. ‘you ran 100 m in 14 seconds’).
定量评价 – 用数字来衡量（例如“你 100 米跑了 14 秒”）。
Target setting – choosing a specific goal to work towards.
设定目标 – 选择一个具体的目标去努力实现。

11. Energy Systems and Heart Rate | 能量系统与心率

As you exercise, your body uses different ways to produce energy. Monitoring your heart rate helps you know how hard you are working.

运动时，身体会通过不同的方式产生能量。监测心率能帮助你了解自己的运动强度。

Heart rate – the number of times your heart beats per minute (bpm).
心率 – 心脏每分钟跳动的次数 (bpm)。
Resting heart rate – your heart rate when you are completely at rest.
静息心率 – 完全休息时的心率。
Maximum heart rate – roughly calculated as 220 – your age.
最大心率 – 粗略计算公式为 220 减去年龄。
Aerobic – exercise with oxygen; low to moderate intensity, lasts longer.
有氧运动 – 有氧气参与的运动；中低强度，持续时间较长。
Anaerobic – exercise without oxygen; high intensity, short bursts.
无氧运动 – 无氧气参与的运动；高强度、短时间爆发。

12. Exam Command Words | 考试指令词

WJEC exam questions often use specific command words. Knowing exactly what they mean will help you write better answers.

WJEC 的考试题目经常使用特定的指令词。准确理解它们的含义能帮你写出更好的答案。

State – give a brief, clear answer.
陈述 – 给出简洁明确的答案。
Describe – give details of what something is like.
描述 – 详细说明某事物的特征。
Explain – give reasons why or how something happens.
解释 – 给出某件事为什么会发生或如何发生的原因。
Evaluate – discuss strengths and weaknesses, then give a conclusion.
评价 – 讨论优缺点，然后给出结论。
Justify – provide evidence or reasons to support a choice.
论证 – 提供证据或理由来支持自己的选择。

Keep this guide handy during your revision. Saying the words aloud and linking each term to a real PE situation will lock them into your memory even faster. Your vocabulary is your tool kit – the more words you master, the more precisely you can think, perform, and write about sport.

复习时把这份指南放在手边。大声朗读这些词语，并把每一个术语与实际体育场景联系起来，会让它们更快地印在你的记忆中。你的词汇量就是你的工具箱——掌握的词汇越多，你就能越精准地思考、表现和书写体育方面的内容。

Published by TutorHao | PE Revision Series | aleveler.com

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Year 7 WJEC PE: Key Vocabulary Quick Reference Guide | Year 7 WJEC 体育：词汇术语速记指南