📚 Year 7 WJEC Politics: Case Study Practical Exercises | 七年级WJEC政治：案例分析实战演练
Case studies are a powerful way to bring politics to life. Instead of just memorising facts about government and democracy, you get to step into the shoes of decision-makers and explore real-world issues. This article will guide you through a range of practical exercises designed to sharpen your analytical thinking, help you weigh up different viewpoints, and practise making well-reasoned choices – exactly the skills you need for your WJEC Year 7 politics assessments.
案例研究是让政治学习变得生动有力的途径。你无需死记硬背关于政府和民主的事实，而是可以站在决策者的角度，探索真实世界中的问题。本文将引导你完成一系列实战演练，这些练习旨在磨炼你的分析思维，帮助你权衡不同的观点，并练习做出理由充分的抉择——这正是 WJEC 七年级政治评估所需的技能。
1. What Is a Case Study in Politics? | 政治中的案例研究是什么？
A political case study is a detailed examination of a particular event, issue or decision. It might focus on a local council debate about a new skate park, a national government’s response to a public health crisis, or a school’s policy on recycling. The aim is to understand what happened, why it happened, and what the consequences were. You will learn to identify key factors such as power, rights, responsibilities and the rule of law.
政治案例研究是对某一特定事件、议题或决策的详细审视。它可能聚焦于地方议会关于新滑板公园的辩论，国家政府对公共卫生危机的应对，或者一所学校的回收政策。其目的在于理解发生了什么、为什么会发生，以及产生了什么后果。你将学会识别权力、权利、责任和法治等关键因素。
2. Why Practise Case Studies in Year 7? | 为何在七年级练习案例研究？
At this stage, you are building the foundation for active citizenship. Case studies teach you that politics is not a distant activity reserved for politicians – it affects your everyday life. By working through scenarios, you develop empathy by considering how different people are affected, strengthen your ability to justify an argument using evidence, and gain confidence in expressing your own opinions clearly.
在这一阶段，你正在为积极的公民意识奠定基础。案例研究告诉你，政治并非政治家专属的遥远活动——它影响着你的日常生活。通过处理各种情境，你在思考不同人群所受影响的过程中培养同理心，增强用证据论证自己观点的能力，并在清晰表达自己想法时获得自信。
3. Step 1: Identify the Core Issue | 第一步：识别核心议题
Before you can solve a problem, you must be certain what the problem is. Read or listen to the case study materials carefully. Ask yourself: what is the main dispute about? Is it a conflict over resources, a clash of values, or a failure to follow a rule? Try to state the issue in one clear sentence. For example, ‘The core issue is whether the local council should close the youth club to save money.’
在你解决问题之前，你必须确定问题所在。仔细阅读或听取案例研究材料。问自己：主要争议是什么？是资源冲突、价值观冲突，还是未能遵守规则？尝试用一句清晰的话陈述该议题。例如，“核心议题是地方议会是否应关闭青年俱乐部以节省资金。”
4. Step 2: Gather Key Information | 第二步：收集关键信息
Look for facts, figures and viewpoints presented in the case. Who are the main people or organisations involved? What are their interests? Note down any relevant data, such as survey results, costs or legal rules. In a classroom exercise, you might be given a short newspaper article or a fact sheet – highlight the most important evidence you will need to support your analysis.
寻找案例中呈现的事实、数据和观点。主要牵涉哪些人或组织？他们的利益是什么？记下任何相关数据，例如调查结果、成本或法律规则。在课堂练习中，你可能会拿到一篇短小的报刊文章或一份情况说明书——高亮出你用来支持分析所需的最重要的证据。
5. Step 3: Explore Different Perspectives | 第三步：探究不同的视角
Every political issue has more than one side. List the key stakeholders (the people or groups who have a stake in the outcome). For each stakeholder, explain what they want and why. For instance, on the issue of building new houses on a greenfield site, one group might be young families desperate for affordable homes, while another might be residents who value the open space and wildlife. A strong case study response shows you understand these competing views.
每个政治议题都不止一面。列出关键的利益相关者（与结果有利害关系的人或群体）。对每个利益相关者，解释他们想要什么以及为什么。例如，在绿地上建造新住房的问题上，一方可能是急需经济适用房的年轻家庭，另一方则可能是珍视开放空间和野生动物的居民。一份强有力的案例研究回答表明你理解了这些相互竞争的观点。
6. Case 1: The School Playground Debate | 案例一：学校操场辩论
Imagine your school is considering whether to allow the local community to use the school playground after school hours and at weekends. The school’s governing body must decide. Some neighbours are worried about noise and litter. Parents argue that there is nowhere safe for children to play in the area. The local park is over a mile away and has no lighting. On the other hand, the school caretaker is concerned about maintenance costs and broken equipment.
设想一下，你的学校正在考虑是否允许当地社区在课后和周末使用学校操场。学校的理事会必须做出决定。一些邻居担心噪音和垃圾。家长们则争辩说，该地区没有安全的地方供孩子们玩耍。最近的公园在一英里之外，而且没有照明。另一方面，学校管理员担心维护成本和设备损坏。
As a Year 7 student, your task is to analyse this case. First, identify the issue: whether private school property should be open to the public. Then list the stakeholders: students, parents, teachers, neighbours, the school caretaker, and the school governors. Consider what each group values most. Use a simple table to weigh up the pros and cons, then write a short paragraph recommending a solution, such as opening the playground only on Saturdays with a parent volunteer rota to supervise.
作为一名七年级学生，你的任务是分析这个案例。首先，识别议题：学校私有财产是否应向公众开放。然后列出利益相关者：学生、家长、教师、邻居、学校管理员以及学校理事会。考虑每个群体最看重什么。用一个简单的表格来权衡利弊，然后写一小段推荐解决方案，例如仅在周六开放操场，并由家长志愿者轮流监督。
| Stakeholder | For opening | Against opening |
| Parents | A safe place for children to play | Security concerns if not supervised |
| Neighbours | Community spirit | Noise and litter |
| School caretaker | Good for the school’s reputation | Extra workload and costs |
7. Step 4: Evaluate Possible Solutions | 第四步：评估可行的解决方案
Once you have listed different perspectives, brainstorm at least three possible solutions. For each solution, ask: is it fair? Is it practical? Is it affordable? What are the likely consequences? For the playground case, solutions might be: (a) keep the playground closed; (b) open it fully; (c) open it only during specific hours and with volunteers. Evaluating these options critically will help you justify your final recommendation.
一旦你列出了不同的视角，头脑风暴至少三种可能的解决方案。针对每个方案，问自己：它公平吗？可行吗？负担得起吗？可能产生什么后果？以操场案例为例，解决方案可能有：（a）保持操场关闭；（b）完全开放；（c）仅在特定时间并由志愿者值守时开放。批判性地评估这些选项将帮助你为最终建议辩护。
8. Case 2: Local Bus Service Cuts | 案例二：当地公交线路削减
Your local bus company has announced it will cut the only bus service that connects your village to the nearest town. The company says the route is not profitable. Councillors are divided. Elderly residents who do not drive say they will be isolated. Teenagers rely on the bus to get to school and weekend activities. The council’s budget is tight, but some suggest using public money to subsidise the route.
你当地的公交公司宣布将削减连接你们村庄与最近城镇的唯一公交线路。公司表示该线路不盈利。议员们意见不一。不会开车的老年居民说他们将变得孤立。青少年依赖公交车上学和参加周末活动。市议会的预算很紧张，但有人建议使用公共资金补贴该线路。
Analyse this by asking: who has the power to make the decision? (The bus company or the council?) What rights do residents have to public transport? Is it the government’s responsibility to ensure everyone can get around? Practise writing a letter to a local councillor, presenting your case clearly and respectfully. Remember to use evidence, such as the number of passengers or the distance to the nearest alternative bus stop.
通过提问来分析：谁有权力做决定？（公交公司还是市议会？）居民对公共交通享有哪些权利？政府是否有责任确保每个人都能出行？练习给当地议员写一封信，清晰而有礼貌地陈述你的理由。记得使用证据，例如乘客人数或到最近替代公交站的距离。
9. Step 5: Make a Decision and Justify It | 第五步：做出决定并为之辩护
In a case study, you rarely find a perfect answer. Your task is to choose the most reasonable option and support it with clear reasoning. Begin your conclusion with ‘I recommend that…’ or ‘The best course of action is…’. Then explain why your chosen solution is better than the alternatives. Link your reasons to democratic values such as equality, freedom, or fairness, where possible. This shows you can connect real-world decisions to the principles you study in politics.
在案例研究中，你很少能找到完美的答案。你的任务是选择最合理的选项，并用清晰的推理支持它。以“我建议……”或“最好的行动方案是……”开头。然后解释为什么你选择的方案优于其他方案。尽可能将你的理由与平等、自由或公平等民主价值观联系起来。这展示了你能够将现实世界的决策与你在政治课上学习的原理联系起来。
10. Case 3: Community Recycling Scheme | 案例三：社区回收计划
Your local council wants to increase recycling rates. It proposes introducing a new rule: households that do not separate their waste correctly will receive a fine. Supporters say this will reduce landfill and protect the environment. Opponents argue it is unfair to punish people who are elderly or disabled and find sorting difficult. Some people think education and rewards would work better than fines.
你们当地议会希望提高回收率。它提议引入一项新规定：未能正确分类垃圾的家庭将受到罚款。支持者说，这将减少垃圾填埋并保护环境。反对者则认为，惩罚年长或残疾且分类困难的人是不公平的。有些人认为教育和奖励比罚款更有效。
Use this case to practise a structured debate. Take one side and write three bullet-point arguments. Then, imagine you are a councillor and must write a balanced summary acknowledging both sides before giving your final view. This exercise builds your ability to see an issue from multiple angles, which is at the heart of good political analysis.
利用这个案例来练习结构化的辩论。选择一方，写出三个要点式论据。然后，想象你是一名议员，在给出最终意见之前，必须写一个平衡的总结，承认双方的观点。这一练习培养了你从多个角度看待问题的能力，这正是良好政治分析的核心。
11. Practical Exercise: Your Community, Your Choice | 实战演练：你的社区，你的选择
Think of a current issue in your own community. It could be the lack of a zebra crossing near your school, a proposal to build a new supermarket on a playing field, or a petition to introduce a youth mayor. Research the issue briefly by talking to family or reading local news. Then, write a one-page case study analysis following the steps you have learned. Include: the core issue, stakeholders, possible solutions, and your justified recommendation.
想一想你自己社区的当前议题。可以是学校附近缺乏斑马线、在运动场上修建新超市的提议，或者引入青年市长的请愿。通过与家人交谈或阅读当地新闻，对议题进行简要研究。然后，按照你学到的步骤，撰写一页纸的案例分析。包括：核心议题、利益相关者、可能的解决方案，以及你经过辩护的建议。
If you are unsure how to define the issue, ask yourself: what decision needs to be made? Who will be affected? Why is it controversial? Even small local matters, like dog fouling in a park, involve questions of responsibility, law and community pressure – the very stuff of politics.
如果你不确定如何界定此议题，问自己：需要做出什么决定？谁将受到影响？为什么会有争议？即使是像公园里的狗粪这样的小地方事务，也涉及责任、法律和社区压力等问题——这正是政治的本质。
12. Marking Criteria and Self-Assessment | 评分标准与自我评估
When your teacher marks your case study, they will look for evidence that you have identified the main issue, recognised different viewpoints, used specific facts from the material, and reached a justified conclusion. You should also demonstrate an understanding of relevant political concepts, such as rights, duties, democracy or representation. Use the checklist below to self-assess before handing in your work.
当老师给你的案例研究评分时，他们会寻找证据，证明你已经识别了主要议题、认识到不同观点、使用了材料中的具体事实，并得出了合理的结论。你还应展示对相关政治概念的理解，如权利、义务、民主或代表制。在提交作业前，使用下面的检查清单进行自我评估。
- Did I state the core issue clearly? / 我是否清晰地陈述了核心议题？
- Did I name at least three different stakeholders? / 我是否列举了至少三个不同的利益相关者？
- Did I explain what each stakeholder wants and why? / 我是否解释了每个利益相关者想要什么以及为什么？
- Did I suggest more than one possible solution? / 我是否提出了不止一种可能的解决方案？
- Did I weigh up the pros and cons of each? / 我是否权衡了每种方案的利弊？
- Did I make a final recommendation and support it with reasons? / 我是否做出了最终建议并用理由支持它？
- Did I link my answer to a political concept like fairness or representation? / 我是否将我的回答与公平或代表等政治概念联系起来？
Published by TutorHao | WJEC Politics Revision Series | aleveler.com
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