📚 Year 7 WJEC Statistics: Report Writing Framework and Model Answer | Year 7 WJEC 统计：报告写作框架与范文
Writing a statistical report is more than just presenting numbers. It is about telling a clear and logical story with data. In this article, you will learn a step-by-step framework to structure your Year 7 WJEC Statistics investigation, followed by a complete model answer based on a simple survey. This guide will help you earn top marks by showing your ability to plan, collect, display and interpret data correctly.
撰写统计报告不仅仅是指罗列数字，更是用数据讲述一个清晰、有条理的故事。在本文中，你将学习一个逐步完成 Year 7 WJEC 统计调查的写作框架，并参考一份基于简单调查的完整范文。本指南将帮助你展示规划、收集、展示和正确解读数据的能力，从而获得高分。
1. Understanding the WJEC Statistics Investigation | 理解 WJEC 统计调查任务
In Year 7 WJEC Statistics, you are often asked to carry out a small investigation and write a report. The task requires you to choose a question, collect data, display it using charts, calculate averages and range, and then write a conclusion. The report is marked on planning, data collection, presentation, calculations and interpretation.
在 Year 7 WJEC 统计中，你经常需要完成一项小型调查并撰写报告。任务要求你选择一个研究问题、收集数据、使用图表展示数据、计算平均数和全距，最后撰写结论。评分依据包括计划性、数据收集、展示、计算以及解读。
2. The Overall Report Structure | 报告整体结构
A strong statistical report follows a logical sequence. Use the framework below to organise your work. Each section has a specific purpose and will be explained in detail.
一份优秀的统计报告遵循逻辑顺序。请使用以下框架来组织你的工作。每个部分都有其特定目的，并将详细解释。
- Title and Introduction
- Method / Data Collection Plan
- Data Table (Raw Data)
- Graphs and Charts (at least one bar chart and one pictogram)
- Calculations: Mode, Median, Mean and Range
- Analysis and Interpretation
- Conclusion
- Evaluation (optional but recommended)
- 标题与引言
- 方法 / 数据收集计划
- 数据表（原始数据）
- 图表（至少一张柱状图和一张象形图）
- 计算：众数、中位数、平均数与全距
- 分析与解读
- 结论
- 评估（可选但推荐）
3. Title and Introduction – Setting the Scene | 标题与引言 – 交代背景
The title should be clear and specific, for example: ‘An investigation into the favourite fruit of Year 7 students at Oakwood School.’ The introduction explains why you chose the topic, states your hypothesis or prediction, and describes the population and sample. Keep it short but focused.
标题应清晰具体，例如：“关于奥克伍德学校七年级学生最喜欢的水果的调查”。引言要解释你为什么选择这个主题，陈述你的假设或预测，并说明总体和样本。保持简洁但有重点。
Example opening: ‘I wanted to find out which fruit is most popular in my year group because our canteen is planning a new snack menu. I predict that apples will be the favourite because they are commonly seen in lunchboxes. I will survey 30 students from Year 7.’
示例开头：“我想了解我们年级最受欢迎的水果是什么，因为学校食堂正在计划新零食菜单。我预测苹果将是最受欢迎的，因为在午餐盒中经常见到。我将调查 30 名七年级学生。”
4. Method – How You Planned and Collected Data | 方法 – 你如何规划与收集数据
This section describes exactly what you did. Mention the data collection sheet you designed, the type of data (categorical in this example), and how you made the survey fair. For example, you might use a tally chart to record responses and ensure you asked a mix of boys and girls at random break times.
本节详细描述你所做的事情。提及你设计的数据收集表、数据类型（本例中为分类数据），以及你如何确保调查公平。例如，你可以使用计数表记录回答，并确保在随机休息时间询问了男生和女生的混合样本。
Key points to include: sample size (30), sampling method (opportunity sample), one clear survey question with options, and a blank tally chart ready for use.
需要包含的要点：样本量（30）、抽样方法（便利样本）、一个清晰的问题及选项，以及一张准备就绪的空白计数表。
5. Data Table – Presenting Raw Data Neatly | 数据表 – 整齐展示原始数据
Present your collected data in a frequency table. Use three columns: Fruit, Tally, Frequency. Always include a total row. Make sure the categories are clear and that you double-check your tally counts.
将你收集的数据呈现在频数表中。使用三列：水果、计数、频数。必须包含合计行。确保类别清晰，并仔细核对你的计数。
| Fruit | Tally | Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| Apple | 正 正 || | 12 |
| Banana | 正 || | 7 |
| Orange | 正 | | 6 |
| Grapes | ||| | 3 |
| Other | || | 2 |
| Total | 30 |
The above table shows a clear set of results. Always give your table a title, such as ‘Table 1: Frequency of favourite fruits chosen by Year 7 students.’
上表展示了一组清晰的结果。务必给你的表格添加标题，例如“表 1：七年级学生最喜欢的水果的频数”。
6. Graphs – Visualising the Data | 图表 – 数据可视化
You must draw at least two different graphs. A bar chart is ideal for comparing categories. Make sure you label both axes, use an appropriate scale, and give the chart a title. A pictogram is another effective way to represent data using symbols. Choose a suitable key, for example, one circle equals 2 students.
你必须绘制至少两种不同的图表。柱状图非常适合比较类别。确保标记两条坐标轴，使用合适的刻度，并给图表加上标题。象形图是另一种使用符号表示数据的有效方式。选择合适的图例，例如一个圆圈代表 2 名学生。
Bar chart description: The horizontal axis shows the fruit types, and the vertical axis shows frequency from 0 to 14. Bars are drawn with equal width and gaps between them. The tallest bar represents apples with a frequency of 12.
柱状图描述：横轴表示水果种类，纵轴表示频数，范围从 0 到 14。条形的宽度相等且间隔相同。最高的条形代表苹果，频数为 12。
7. Calculating Averages and Range – Summarising the Data | 计算平均数与全距 – 数据汇总
Even when data is categorical, you can find the mode. The mode is the category with the highest frequency, which is Apple (12). Since the data is not numerical, median, mean and range cannot be calculated meaningfully. However, if you collected numerical data such as ‘number of pets’, you must show clear working for all three averages and the range.
即使数据是分类数据，你仍可以找到众数。众数是频数最高的类别，即苹果（12）。由于数据不是数值型的，中位数、平均数和全距无法进行有意义的计算。但如果你收集了诸如“宠物数量”之类的数值数据，则必须清晰展示三种平均数和全距的计算过程。
For numerical data, use these steps:
Mean = (Sum of all values) ÷ (Number of values)
Median = middle value when ordered
Range = Largest value – Smallest value
For numerical data, use these steps:
平均数 = 所有数值之和 ÷ 数值个数
中位数 = 排序后中间的值
全距 = 最大值 – 最小值
8. Analysis – Interpreting What the Data Tells You | 分析 – 解读数据所传达的信息
In this section, describe what the charts and calculations show. Compare categories, comment on the mode, and relate your findings back to your original hypothesis. For example, ‘The bar chart clearly shows that apples were chosen most often, which supports my prediction. However, bananas and oranges were also popular, together accounting for 13 out of 30 responses.’
在本节中，描述图表和计算结果所展示的内容。比较各个类别，评论众数，并将你的发现与最初的假设联系起来。例如：“柱状图清楚地显示苹果被选中的次数最多，这支持了我的预测。然而，香蕉和橙子也很受欢迎，两者合计占 30 份回答中的 13 份。”
You should also notice any unusual results or patterns. Avoid simply repeating the numbers; instead, turn them into meaningful statements.
你还应该注意到任何异常结果或模式。避免简单地重复数字，而要把它们转化为有意义的陈述。
9. Conclusion – Answering the Investigation Question | 结论 – 回答调查问题
The conclusion directly answers the title question. State whether your hypothesis was correct, summarise the main finding, and do not introduce new information. For the fruit survey, you might write: ‘In conclusion, apples are the favourite fruit of the Year 7 students surveyed. My hypothesis was correct. This information could help the canteen decide to stock more apple-based snacks.’
结论直接回答标题中的问题。陈述你的假设是否正确，总结主要发现，不要引入新信息。对于水果调查，你可以写道：“总之，苹果是接受调查的七年级学生最喜欢的水果。我的假设是正确的。这一信息可以帮助食堂决定储备更多以苹果为主的小吃。”
10. Evaluation – Reflecting on Your Process (Bonus Section) | 评估 – 反思你的过程（加分部分）
An evaluation shows higher-order thinking. Discuss what went well and what could be improved. For instance, ‘My sample size of 30 was reasonable, but I only asked students at break time, so I might have missed some year groups. If I did this again, I would use a larger and more random sample, and perhaps collect data online.’
评估部分展示了高阶思维。讨论哪些地方做得好，哪些可以改进。例如：“我 30 人的样本量是合理的，但我只在休息时间询问学生，因此可能错过了一些年级。如果再做一次，我会使用更大且更随机的样本，或许可以线上收集数据。”
Also consider any problems with data recording or chart drawing. This shows that you understand the limitations of your investigation.
同时思考数据记录或图表绘制中出现的任何问题。这表明你理解调查的局限性。
11. Model Report – Full Example (Favourite Fruit) | 范文 – 完整示例（最喜欢的水果）
Below is a concisely written statistical report using the framework. You can use this as a template for your own investigation.
以下是一份使用该框架编写的简洁统计报告。你可以将其作为自己调查的模板。
An investigation into the favourite fruit of Year 7 students
Introduction: I chose this topic because our school canteen is planning a new healthy snack menu, and I wanted to find out which fruit is most popular. I predict that apples will be the favourite. I surveyed 30 students from Year 7 at my school.
Introduction: 我选择这个主题是因为学校食堂正在计划一份新的健康小吃菜单，我想找出哪种水果最受欢迎。我预测苹果将是最受欢迎的。我调查了我们学校七年级的 30 名学生。
Method: I designed a data collection sheet with five options: Apple, Banana, Orange, Grapes, Other. I used an opportunity sample by asking students during break in the playground. I recorded responses in a tally chart.
Method: 我设计了一份包含五个选项的数据收集表：苹果、香蕉、橙子、葡萄、其他。我在操场休息时间询问学生，使用了便利样本。我在计数表中记录了回答。
Results: The frequency table (Table 1) showed: Apple 12, Banana 7, Orange 6, Grapes 3, Other 2. I then drew a bar chart and a pictogram. The bar chart had a vertical axis up to 14, with clear labels. The pictogram used one circle to represent 2 students.
Results: 频数表（表 1）显示：苹果 12、香蕉 7、橙子 6、葡萄 3、其他 2。然后我绘制了一张柱状图和一张象形图。柱状图的纵轴最高到 14，并带有清晰的标签。象形图使用一个圆圈代表 2 名学生。
Calculations: The mode is Apple because it has the highest frequency (12). Since the data is not numerical, median, mean and range are not appropriate.
Calculations: 众数是苹果，因为它的频数最高（12）。由于数据不是数值型的，中位数、平均数和全距不适用。
Analysis: The bar chart clearly highlights that apples are the most popular choice, with more than one-third of all votes. Bananas and oranges together made up nearly half of the responses. ‘Other’ fruits, like strawberries and pears, were less common. This confirms my prediction that apples would be the favourite.
Analysis: 柱状图清楚地显示苹果是最受欢迎的选择，获得了超过三分之一的票数。香蕉和橙子合计占了近一半的回答。“其他”水果，如草莓和梨，不太常见。这证实了我关于苹果将是最受欢迎的预测。
Conclusion: Apples are the favourite fruit among the Year 7 students I surveyed. My hypothesis was correct. This suggests the canteen should offer more apple-based snacks.
Conclusion: 在接受调查的七年级学生中，苹果是首选水果。我的假设是正确的。这表明食堂应提供更多以苹果为主的小吃。
Evaluation: My sample size of 30 was fair for a small investigation, but only from one year group. In the future, I would include students from different year groups and maybe use a questionnaire with more fruit options to get a richer view.
Evaluation: 对于一项小型调查而言，我 30 人的样本量是公平的，但样本仅来自一个年级。今后，我会纳入不同年级的学生，或许使用一份包含更多水果选项的问卷，以获取更丰富的视角。
12. Top Tips for Scoring High Marks | 取得高分的顶级技巧
Always label your axes and charts fully. Show all calculation steps even if the question seems simple. Write in full sentences and use statistical vocabulary like ‘frequency’, ‘mode’, ‘sample’, and ‘hypothesis’. Leave time to check your tallies and totals match.
务必完整标注坐标轴和图表的标签。即使问题看起来简单，也要展示所有计算步骤。用完整句子书写，并使用“频数”、“众数”、“样本”、“假设”等统计词汇。留出时间检查计数与合计数是否一致。
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