📚 Year 7 CAIE Engineering: Winter Holiday Intensive Revision Plan | Year 7 CAIE 工程：寒假强化复习计划
Winter break is the perfect time to strengthen your understanding of Year 7 engineering concepts. This intensive revision plan covers key CAIE Engineering topics, practical challenges, and self-assessment activities. Follow the plan step by step to build confidence and practical skills before the new term begins.
寒假是巩固 Year 7 工程概念的最佳时机。这份强化复习计划涵盖了 CAIE 工程的关键主题、实践挑战和自我评估活动。一步步跟着计划走，你将在新学期开始前建立信心，提升动手能力。
1. Setting Your Revision Goals | 设定你的复习目标
Before starting, define clear goals. Your main targets should be: recalling material properties, explaining forces and structures, understanding simple mechanisms, and building basic electrical circuits. Also, aim to complete at least one hands-on design challenge that uses the engineering design cycle.
在开始复习前，先设定清晰的目标。你的主要任务应包括：复述材料性质、解释力与结构、理解简单机构，以及搭建基础电路。同时，完成至少一项运用工程设计循环的动手设计挑战。
Write down your goals and tick them off as you progress. This keeps you motivated and shows exactly what you have achieved by the end of the holiday.
写下你的目标，完成一项勾掉一项。这能让你保持动力，并在寒假结束时清楚看到自己取得的成果。
2. Understanding the Year 7 Engineering Curriculum Key Areas | 理解 Year 7 工程课程的关键领域
The CAIE Year 7 Engineering curriculum typically introduces four core topics: materials and their properties, forces and structures, simple machines and mechanisms, and an introduction to electrical systems. In addition, the design process (identify, research, develop, prototype, test, improve) runs through every project. Safety in the workshop is equally important.
CAIE Year 7 工程课程通常介绍四个核心主题：材料及其性质、力与结构、简单机械与机构，以及电气系统入门。此外，设计流程（识别问题、研究、构思、制作原型、测试、改进）贯穿每个项目。工作坊安全也同样重要。
Your revision should cover both theory and practical application. The following weeks focus on each topic, with built-in hands-on mini-projects. Use your school notes, textbook, and trusted online resources alongside this plan.
你的复习应该兼顾理论与实践应用。接下来几周将围绕每个主题展开，并穿插动手迷你项目。在学习本计划的同时，请结合课堂笔记、教材和可靠的在线资源使用。
3. Topic 1 – Materials and Their Properties Revision | 主题 1 – 材料及其性质复习
Start by listing common engineering materials such as mild steel, aluminium, copper, PVC, acrylic, glass, wood, and ceramics. For each material, note its key properties: strength, hardness, ductility, malleability, brittleness, conductivity, and density. Understanding these properties helps you select the right material for a design task.
首先列出常见的工程材料，如低碳钢、铝、铜、PVC、亚克力、玻璃、木材和陶瓷。对每种材料，记下它的关键性质：强度、硬度、延展性、展性、脆性、导电性和密度。理解这些性质有助于在设计任务中选择合适的材料。
Create a quick comparison table in your notebook. Example categories: ‘Metals – strong, ductile, conductive’ vs. ‘Polymers – lightweight, flexible, insulators’. This visual format makes recall easier during tests.
在笔记本上做一个简单的对比表。例如类别：“金属——坚固、延展性好、可导电”对比“聚合物——轻质、有弹性、绝缘”。这种可视化的形式有助于你在测试时快速回忆。
4. Topic 1 Activity: Make Flashcards and Take a Quiz | 主题 1 活动：制作抽认卡并自测
Prepare a set of material flashcards: write the material name on one side and its key properties plus a real-world example on the other. For instance, ‘Aluminium’ on the front; ‘Lightweight, corrosion-resistant, good conductor – used in drink cans and aircraft frames’ on the back.
准备一套材料抽认卡：一面写材料名称，另一面写关键性质和一个实际应用例子。比如，正面写“铝”，背面写“轻质、耐腐蚀、优良导体——用于饮料罐和飞机骨架”。
After making the cards, test yourself with these questions:
制作好卡片后，用下面的问题自测：
1. Which material would you choose for a kitchen utensil that must withstand high heat and not rust?
1. 对于必须耐高温且不生锈的厨房用具，你会选择哪种材料？
2. Give an example of a brittle material and explain why it is used despite being brittle.
2. 举出一种脆性材料的例子，并解释尽管它很脆却仍被使用的原因。
3. What property makes copper ideal for electrical wiring?
3. 什么性质使铜成为理想电线的材料？
5. Topic 2 – Forces and Structures | 主题 2 – 力与结构
In Year 7, you learn about different types of forces: tension, compression, shear, torsion, and bending. You also study how structures resist these forces. Triangles are very important in frameworks because they do not easily change shape under load. Beams, columns, and trusses are common structural elements.
在 Year 7 里，你会学到不同类型的力：拉伸、压缩、剪切、扭转和弯曲。你还会研究结构如何抵抗这些力。三角形在框架中非常重要，因为它们在受力时不易变形。梁、柱和桁架是常见的结构构件。
Review the concept of equilibrium: when forces are balanced, an object is stable. Draw simple free-body diagrams of a shelf on brackets or a simple bridge. Mark tension and compression areas. Remember that adding triangulation makes a structure much stiffer.
复习平衡的概念：当力相互平衡时，物体会保持稳定。画一个带托架的搁板或一座简单桥梁的受力示意图，标出受拉和受压的区域。记住，增加三角支撑能让结构刚度大幅提高。
6. Topic 2 Activity: Spaghetti Tower Challenge | 主题 2 活动：意大利面条塔挑战
Build a tower using only dry spaghetti and marshmallows or tape. The goal is to create the tallest free-standing structure that can hold a small mass (like a marshmallow) at the top. This activity helps you apply triangulation and understand buckling under compression.
只用干意大利面条和棉花糖或胶带来搭建一座塔。目标是制作出最高的能自立的结构，并且能在顶部放置一个小质量（比如一颗棉花糖）。这个活动能帮助你应用三角支撑原理，并理解受压弯折。
After building, answer these questions:
完成搭建后，回答以下问题：
1. Where did you observe compression and tension in your tower?
1. 你观察到塔的哪些部位受压、哪些部位受拉？
2. How did adding triangles improve stability?
2. 增加三角形如何提高了稳定性？
3. What would you change in your design if you repeated the test?
3. 如果重做一次测试，你会对设计做哪些改进？
7. Topic 3 – Simple Machines and Mechanisms | 主题 3 – 简单机械与机构
Simple machines make work easier by changing the magnitude or direction of a force. The six classic types are lever, pulley, wheel and axle, inclined plane, wedge, and screw. In Year 7, you focus particularly on levers, pulleys, and gears. Mechanical advantage (MA) is calculated as load divided by effort for a lever, or number of supporting rope strands for a pulley system.
简单机械通过改变力的大小或方向，让做功变得更加轻松。六种经典类型是杠杆、滑轮、轮轴、斜面、楔子和螺旋。在 Year 7 课程中，会重点学习杠杆、滑轮和齿轮。机械利益（MA）的计算方法：对于杠杆，是负载除以施力；对于滑轮系统，是支撑绳索的股数。
Gears transfer rotary motion and can change speed and torque. A larger gear driving a smaller one increases speed but decreases torque. A smaller gear driving a larger one does the opposite. Draw diagrams of simple gear trains to predict direction of rotation.
齿轮可以传递旋转运动，并改变转速与扭矩。大齿轮带动小齿轮会提升转速但降低扭矩；小齿轮带动大齿轮则相反。画出简单齿轮系的简图，用来预测旋转方向。
8. Topic 3 Activity: Build a Lever and Measure Mechanical Advantage | 主题 3 活动：制作一个杠杆并测量机械利益
Set up a first-class lever using a ruler balanced on a pencil. Place an eraser at one end as the load, and push down on the other end. Move the fulcrum closer to the load and feel how the effort needed changes. Measure distances and calculate MA using the formula:
用一个直尺平衡在铅笔上搭成第一类杠杆。在一端放一块橡皮当作负载，在另一端向下按压。将支点移近负载，感受所需施力如何变化。测量距离并使用下式计算机械利益：
MA (lever) = Distance from fulcrum to effort ÷ Distance from fulcrum to load
MA（杠杆）= 施力点到支点的距离 ÷ 负载点到支点的距离
Record your results in a table. Try different fulcrum positions. Explain why the MA changes using the concept of moments.
将结果记录在表格中。尝试不同的支点位置。用力矩的概念解释为什么机械利益会发生变化。
9. Topic 4 – Introduction to Electrical Circuits | 主题 4 – 电路入门
Begin with circuit symbols: cell, battery, lamp, switch, resistor, variable resistor, motor, buzzer, and wires. Understand the difference between series and parallel circuits. In a series circuit, current is the same everywhere and components share voltage. If one lamp fails, the circuit is broken.
从电路符号入手：电源、电池组、灯泡、开关、电阻器、可变电阻、电动机、蜂鸣器和导线。理解串联与并联电路的区别。在串联电路中，电流处处相等，各元件分担电压。如果一只灯泡坏了，整个电路就会断开。
In a parallel circuit, each component has its own branch. The voltage across each branch is the same, and if one branch fails, others continue to work. Use the Ohm’s Law relationship to make simple calculations, but in Year 7 the focus is on qualitative understanding.
在并联电路中，每个元件都有独立支路。各支路电压相同，一条支路断开后，其他支路仍可正常工作。虽然可以借用欧姆定律进行简单计算，但 Year 7 以定性理解为主。
V = I × R
电压 (V) = 电流 (I) × 电阻 (R)
Always discuss safety rules: never handle circuits with wet hands, always check for short circuits, and use low-voltage power supplies.
永远要牢记安全规则：湿手不碰电路，经常检查短路，使用低压电源。
10. Topic 4 Activity: Draw and Simulate a Circuit | 主题 4 活动：绘制并仿真一个电路
Design a simple circuit containing two lamps in parallel and a switch that controls only one lamp. Draw the circuit diagram using correct symbols. Then build it either with a real electronics kit or using a free online simulator (e.g. Tinkercad Circuits).
设计一个包含两只并联灯泡和一个只控制其中一只灯泡的开关的简单电路。用正确的符号画出电路图。然后用实物电子套装或在免费在线仿真平台（如 Tinkercad Circuits）上搭建出来。
Measure (or note from the simulation) what happens to current when one lamp is removed. Explain why the remaining lamp stays on. If possible, add a variable resistor in series with the whole circuit and observe how brightness changes.
测量（或从仿真中观察）取下一只灯泡后电流如何变化。解释为什么剩下的灯泡依然亮着。如果条件允许，在整个电路中串联一个可变电阻，观察亮度如何变化。
11. Integrated Design Challenge: Egg-Drop Lander | 综合设计挑战：鸡蛋着陆保护器
This task combines materials, structures, and the design process. Your challenge is to design and build a container that will protect a raw egg when dropped from a height of 2 metres. You can only use limited materials: e.g. 10 sheets of paper, 1 metre of tape, 4 straws, and 2 balloons.
这项任务融合了材料、结构与设计流程。你的挑战是：设计制作一个容器，在从 2 米高处跌落时保护好一颗生鸡蛋。你只能使用有限材料，比如 10 张纸、1 米胶带、4 根吸管和 2 个气球。
Follow the engineering design cycle: research energy absorption and cushioning, brainstorm ideas, sketch two possible designs, choose one and build a prototype, test it, then improve your design. Record every step in your engineering logbook.
遵循工程设计循环：研究能量吸收与缓冲方式，头脑风暴构思，绘制两个可能的设计草图，选择一个制作原型，测试，然后改进设计。在工程日志本中记录每一步。
12. Final Self-Assessment and Reflective Log | 最终自评与反思日志
At the end of your winter holiday revision, test your knowledge with these questions:
在寒假复习结束时，用下面的问题检验你的掌握程度：
1. Name three properties of polymers that make them different from metals.
1. 说出聚合物的三种不同于金属的性质。
2. Explain why a triangulated frame is stronger than a square frame.
2. 解释为什么三角形框架比方框更坚固。
3. A lever has an effort arm of 30 cm and a load arm of 10 cm. What is its mechanical advantage?
3. 一个杠杆的施力臂为 30 cm，负载臂为 10 cm。它的机械利益是多少？
4. Draw a circuit with two cells, a switch, and a motor. If the motor stops working, describe two things you would check.
4. 绘制一个带两节电池、一个开关和一个电动机的电路。如果电动机停转了，描述你要检查的两个地方。
Finally, write a short reflection: What was the most interesting thing you revised? Which activity helped you learn best? What topics would you like to explore more? This will prepare you to hit the ground running next term.
最后，写一段简短的反思：你复习到的最有趣的内容是什么？哪个活动对你帮助最大？你还想深入探索哪些主题？做好这些总结，下学期你将一马当先。
Published by TutorHao | Engineering Revision Series | aleveler.com
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