📚 Year 8 CAIE Computer Science: Case Study Practical Exercises | Year 8 CAIE 计算机：案例分析实战演练
In computer science, case studies are an excellent way to apply your knowledge of computational thinking to real-world problems. This article will guide you through a complete practical exercise: designing a simple Library Book Borrowing System for a school. You will learn how to analyse requirements, design algorithms, write pseudocode, and test your solution just like a real software developer.
在计算机科学中，案例分析是将计算思维知识应用于现实问题的一种非常好的方式。本文将引导你完成一个完整的实战练习：为一所学校设计一个简单的图书馆借阅系统。你将学习如何分析需求、设计算法、编写伪代码并测试你的解决方案，就像真正的软件开发人员一样。
1. Understanding the Problem Statement | 理解问题陈述
The school librarian wants a computer program that allows students to borrow and return books. When a student borrows a book, the system must check if the book is available. If available, the number of copies should decrease by one. When returning a book, the number of copies should increase by one. The system should store the current number of copies for each book, identified by a unique Book ID. At this stage, we assume the library has only three books: ‘Maths 8’ (ID 101), ‘Science 8’ (ID 102), and ‘English 8’ (ID 103), each starting with 5 copies.
学校图书馆管理员想要一个计算机程序，让学生可以借阅和归还书籍。当学生借阅一本书时，系统必须检查该书是否可借。如果有库存，则库存数量减一。归还书籍时，库存数量加一。系统应存储每本书的当前库存数量，通过唯一的图书编号（Book ID）来标识。在本阶段，我们假设图书馆只有三本书：《数学 8》（编号101）、《科学 8》（编号102）和《英语 8》（编号103），每本初始库存为5本。
Our task is to develop a solution that takes a user’s choice (borrow or return) and a Book ID, updates the stock accordingly, and displays appropriate messages.
我们的任务是开发一个解决方案，接收用户的选择（借阅或归还）和图书编号，相应更新库存，并显示适当的消息。
2. Identifying Inputs and Outputs | 识别输入与输出
Every program needs clear inputs and outputs. For this system, the inputs are: the transaction type (‘B’ for borrow or ‘R’ for return) and the Book ID (an integer between 101 and 103). The outputs will be messages like ‘Book borrowed successfully’ or ‘Sorry, book not available’, and optionally the updated stock quantity.
每个程序都需要清晰的输入和输出。对于这个系统，输入是：交易类型（’B’代表借阅，’R’代表归还）和图书编号（101到103之间的整数）。输出将是诸如 “借阅成功” 或 “抱歉，库存不足” 的消息，也可以选择显示更新后的库存数量。
We also need to store the current stock levels for each book. These are internal data used by the program.
我们还需要存储每本书的当前库存水平。这是程序使用的内部数据。
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