Year 9 AQA Engineering: Formula & Theorem Quick Reference Handbook | 公式定理速查手册

📚 Year 9 AQA Engineering: Formula & Theorem Quick Reference Handbook | 公式定理速查手册

This quick reference handbook covers the essential formulas and theorems needed for Year 9 AQA Engineering. Understanding these relationships is fundamental to solving engineering problems and building a strong foundation for future studies. All symbols and units follow standard conventions, and every concept is explained with clear examples.

本速查手册涵盖了Year 9 AQA工程所需的关键公式和定理。理解这些关系是解决工程问题的基础，也为将来的学习打下坚实的根基。所有符号与单位均遵循标准惯例，每个概念都配有清晰的示例说明。

1. Motion: Speed, Velocity and Acceleration | 运动：速度、速率与加速度

The average speed (v) of an object is defined as the distance travelled (d) divided by the time taken (t): v = d / t. Speed is a scalar quantity measured in metres per second (m/s).

物体的平均速率(v)定义为移动的距离(d)除以所用时间(t)：v = d / t。速率是标量，单位为米每秒(m/s)。

Acceleration (a) describes the rate of change of velocity. If an object changes from initial velocity (u) to final velocity (v) over time (t), the acceleration is a = (v − u) / t. Acceleration is measured in metres per second squared (m/s²).

加速度(a)描述速度变化的快慢。若物体从初速度(u)变为末速度(v)，经过时间(t)，则加速度为 a = (v − u) / t。加速度的单位是米每二次方秒(m/s²)。

2. Force and Newton’s Second Law | 力与牛顿第二定律

Newton’s Second Law states that the resultant force (F) on an object is equal to the product of its mass (m) and acceleration (a): F = m × a. The unit of force is the newton (N), where 1 N = 1 kg m/s².

牛顿第二定律指出，物体所受的合力(F)等于其质量(m)与加速度(a)的乘积：F = m × a。力的单位是牛顿(N)，1 N = 1 kg·m/s²。

The weight (W) of an object is the force due to gravity. It is calculated by multiplying the mass (m) by the gravitational field strength (g), which on Earth is approximately 9.8 N/kg: W = m × g.

物体的重量(W)是重力施加的力。它等于质量(m)乘以重力场强度(g)，地球表面g ≈ 9.8 N/kg：W = m × g。

3. Moments and Equilibrium | 力矩与平衡

A moment (M) is the turning effect of a force. It equals the force (F) multiplied by the perpendicular distance (d) from the pivot to the line of action of

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