Year 9 AQA Philosophy: Key Terms Fast-Track Guide | Year 9 AQA 哲学：核心术语速记指南

📚 Year 9 AQA Philosophy: Key Terms Fast-Track Guide | Year 9 AQA 哲学：核心术语速记指南

Mastering the vocabulary of philosophy is like obtaining a key to unlock deep and sometimes perplexing ideas. For Year 9 AQA Philosophy, memorising key terms is essential for clear thinking and exam success. This guide offers concise definitions, memorable mnemonics, and handy comparisons to help you internalise the language of philosophy quickly and effectively.

掌握哲学术语就像获得一把钥匙，可以打开深刻而有时令人困惑的思想之门。对于 Year 9 AQA 哲学来说，记住关键术语对于清晰思考和考试成功至关重要。本指南提供简洁的定义、易记的记忆技巧和实用的对比，帮助你快速有效地内化哲学语言。

1. Argument and Logic | 论证与逻辑

In philosophy, we often build and analyse arguments. Understanding the components of an argument allows us to evaluate whether it supports its conclusion rationally.

在哲学中，我们经常构建和分析论证。理解论证的组成部分使我们能够理性地评估它是否支持其结论。

Argument: A collection of statements where some (premises) are intended to provide support for another (conclusion). Tip: “ARGue” requires premises to support the conclusion — think of premises as the ‘arm’ reaching out to hold up the conclusion.

论证：一组陈述，其中一些（前提）旨在为另一个（结论）提供支持。技巧：”论证”需要前提来支持结论——把前提想象成支撑结论的”手臂”。

Premise: A statement that provides a reason or evidence for the conclusion. Memory: “Pre” (before) + “mise” (promise) — a premise is a promise you accept before reaching the conclusion.

前提：为结论提供理由或证据的陈述。记忆：”Pre”（之前）+ “mise”（诺言）——前提是你在得出结论之前接受的承诺。

Conclusion: The statement that the argument aims to prove or establish. Think of it as the final destination in a train of thought.

结论：论证旨在证明或确立的陈述。把它想象成思想列车的目的地。

Valid argument: An argument where if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true. The logical structure is correct. Mnemonic: “Valid = logical Victory lane” (the path leads inevitably to the conclusion).

有效论证：如果前提为真，结论必然为真的论证。逻辑结构正确。记忆法：”有效=必然通向结论的逻辑胜利之路”。

Sound argument: A valid argument with true premises. Hence, the conclusion is guaranteed to be true. “Sound = Valid + True premises” — remember “SVT” like the car? Sound, Valid, True.

可靠论证：前提为真的有效论证。因此，结论必然为真。”可靠 = 有效 + 真实前提”——记作”SVT”（就像汽车型号）。

Deductive reasoning: Reasoning from general principles to specific conclusions. If premises are true, conclusion is certain. “Deductive = Definitive certainty.”

演绎推理：从一般原理到具体结论的推理。如果前提为真，结论确定。”演绎 = 确定性结论”。

Inductive reasoning: Reasoning from specific observations to general

Published by TutorHao | Year 9 哲学 Revision Series | aleveler.com

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