📚 Year 9 Edexcel Engineering: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Memory Guide | Year 9 Edexcel 工程：词汇术语速记指南
Engineering at Year 9 introduces a rich set of technical terms that can feel overwhelming at first. This guide organises essential vocabulary by topic and gives you memory hooks – visual stories, word associations, and simple rules – so you can learn faster and retain concepts more effectively for your Edexcel assessments.
九年级的工程学课程会引入大量技术术语，一开始可能让人应接不暇。本指南按主题梳理必备词汇，并为你提供视觉故事、词语联想和简单规则等记忆钩子，帮助你更快学习、更牢固地掌握概念，从容应对 Edexcel 测评。
1. Materials and Properties | 材料与性能
When we describe a material’s ability to withstand force before breaking, we use the term strength. Think of a strong person lifting a heavy weight – the material does a similar job.
描述材料在断裂前承受外力的能力时，我们使用术语强度。想象一个强壮的人举起重物——材料也在做类似的事情。
Hardness is a material’s resistance to being scratched or dented. A diamond is hard; chalk is soft. Memory trick: “Hard to scratch = Hardness.”
硬度是指材料抵抗划伤或凹陷的能力。钻石很硬，粉笔很软。记忆技巧：“难划伤 = 硬度高”。
Toughness is the ability to absorb energy without fracturing. Rubber is tough because it bends and stretches. Link “tough” with “rough” play in sports – it takes hits and keeps going.
韧性是材料吸收能量而不破裂的能力。橡胶有韧性，因为它能弯曲拉伸。把“tough”和运动中激烈的“rough”对抗联系起来——承受冲击后仍能继续。
Ductility means a material can be drawn into a wire. Copper is ductile. Think of a duck’s long neck stretching out – “ductile” sounds like “duck-tile”.
延展性指材料能被拉成细丝的能力。铜具有延展性。联想一只鸭子伸长脖子，“ductile”听起来像“duck-tile”。
Malleability is the ability to be hammered into thin sheets. Gold is malleable. Visualise a mallet (hammer) hitting metal – “malleable” and “mallet” share the same root.
可锻性是指材料能被锤打成薄片的能力。金具有可锻性。想象一把木槌（mallet）敲击金属——“malleable”和“mallet”词源相同。
2. Forces and Structures | 力与结构
A tensile force pulls materials apart. Ropes in a tug-of-war experience tension. Remember: “Tension = pulling apart, like tension in a relationship that tears people apart.”
拉伸力将材料向两端拉开。拔河中的绳索就承受拉力。记住：“拉力 = 拉开，就像人际关系中的紧张把人们分开一样。”
A compressive force pushes materials together. Columns in a building are under compression. Think of compressing a spring between your fingers.
压缩力把材料挤压在一起。建筑中的柱子就承受压力。想象用手指压缩弹簧。
A shear force acts parallel to a surface, like scissors cutting paper. “Shear” rhymes with “shear,” which is what scissors do.
剪切力平行作用于表面，就像剪刀剪纸。“Shear”与“剪”押韵，剪刀做的就是剪切。
Bending combines tension on one side and compression on the other. A diving board bending downwards has its top in tension and bottom in compression. Visualise a banana bending – the outer curve is in tension, the inner curve is compressed.
弯曲结合了一侧的拉伸和另一侧的压缩。跳水板向下弯曲时，上表面受拉，下表面受压。想象一根弯曲的香蕉——外弧受拉，内弧受压。
Composite materials like reinforced concrete combine concrete’s compressive strength with steel’s tensile strength. Memory trick: “Steel bars hold when concrete cracks – just like rebar in pictures of broken bridges.”
钢筋混凝土等复合材料结合了混凝土的抗压强度和钢筋的抗拉强度。记忆技巧：“混凝土开裂后，钢筋仍然支撑——就像桥梁毁坏照片中的钢筋一样。”
3. Manufacturing Processes | 制造工艺
Casting involves pouring molten metal into a mould. Imagine casting a spell to shape metal – the liquid takes the form of the mould like magic.
铸造是将熔融金属倒入模具。想象对金属施展魔法（cast a spell），液体像魔法一样变成模具的形状。
Forging uses compressive forces to shape metal, often while hot. Picture a blacksmith’s hammer forging a sword. “Forge” sounds like “force” – you force metal into shape.
锻造通过压缩力使金属成形，通常在高温下进行。想象铁匠的锤子锻造剑。“Forge”听起来像“force”——用力使金属成形。
Welding joins metals by melting the edges. Think of welding as “melding” – the two pieces become one.
焊接通过熔化金属边缘来连接。把焊接想象成“融合”（melding）——两块材料变成一体。
Machining removes material using cutting tools, like drilling or turning on a lathe. “Machine” chips away material – picture a robot carving a sculpture.
机械加工使用切削刀具去除材料，例如钻孔或车床车削。“机器”削掉材料——想象机器人雕刻雕塑。
Injection moulding forces molten plastic into a mould at high pressure. It’s how Lego bricks are made. Memory: “Injecting life into a plastic shape.”
注射成型在高压下将熔融塑料注入模具。乐高积木就是这样制成的。记忆：“给塑料形状注入生命。”
4. Electronics and Circuits | 电子与电路
Voltage (V) is the electrical pressure that pushes current around a circuit. Think of voltage as a pump in a water system – higher voltage means more push.
电压 (V) 是推动电流在电路中流动的电压力。把电压想象成水泵——电压越高，推力越大。
Current (I) is the flow of electric charge, measured in amperes. Imagine a river current flowing – electrons moving through a wire.
电流 (I) 是电荷的流动，单位是安培。想象河流中的水流——电子通过导线流动。
Resistance (R) opposes the flow of current, measured in ohms. A narrow pipe resists water flow. “Resistance = resistor, which resists.”
电阻 (R) 阻碍电流流动，单位是欧姆。窄管道阻碍水流。“电阻 = 电阻器，它抵抗电流。”
Ohm’s Law ties them together: V = I × R. Think “VIR” like Victoria – remembering V = IR helps you rearrange to find any unknown.
V = I × R
欧姆定律把它们联系起来：电压 = 电流 × 电阻。记住“VIR”像名字维多利亚——记住 V=IR 能帮你变换公式求任何未知量。
A sensor detects a change in the environment. An LDR (light-dependent resistor) changes resistance with light level. “LDR” sounds like “elder” – think of an elderly person who adjusts curtains depending on sunlight.
传感器检测环境变化。光敏电阻 (LDR) 的阻值随光照强度变化。“LDR”听起来像“elder”（长者）——想象一位老人根据阳光调整窗帘。
5. Mechanical Systems | 机械系统
A simple machine is a device that changes the magnitude or direction of a force. The six classic types: lever, pulley, wheel and axle, inclined plane, wedge, screw. Remember “Little Piggies Wear Pants In Winter” for Lever, Pulley, Wheel & axle, Inclined plane, Wedge, Screw.
简单机械是改变力的大小或方向的装置。六种经典类型：杠杆、滑轮、轮轴、斜面、楔子、螺钉。用首字母记忆：“Little Piggies Wear Pants In Winter”。
Mechanical advantage (MA) tells you how many times a machine multiplies the input force. MA = load / effort. If you use a lever to lift 400 N with 100 N effort, MA = 4. Think “Magic Amplifier”.
机械利益 (MA) 表示机器将输入力放大了多少倍。MA = 负载 / 动力。如果用 100 N 的动力举起 400 N 的负载，MA = 4。想象成“力量放大器”。
Velocity ratio (VR) compares the distance moved by effort to the distance moved by load. VR = distance moved by effort / distance moved by load. A high VR means large movement of effort for a small load movement. Visualise a fishing rod: your hand moves a large distance, the end moves just a little.
速度比 (VR) 比较动力移动的距离与负载移动的距离。VR = 动力移动距离 / 负载移动距离。高 VR 意味着动力端移动大距离而负载移动小距离。想象钓鱼竿：你的手移动很大距离，竿尖只移动一点点。
Efficiency = (useful work output / total energy input) × 100%. Nothing is 100% efficient – friction and heat always lose energy. Picture a leaky bucket – some water never reaches the plant.
效率 = (有用输出功 / 总输入能量) × 100%。没有机器是 100% 高效的——摩擦和热量总是会损耗能量。想象一个有洞的水桶——一些水永远到不了植物那里。
6. Systems and Control | 系统与控制
A system has an input, process, and output. A kettle: input = cold water and electricity, process = heating element warms water, output = hot water. Think “IPO”: Input → Process → Output.
系统包含输入、处理过程和输出。电热水壶：输入 = 冷水和电，过程 = 发热元件加热水，输出 = 热水。记住“IPO”：输入 → 处理 → 输出。
An open-loop system has no feedback; it just blindly obeys. A traffic light on a fixed timer is open-loop. Closed-loop systems use feedback to adjust themselves. A thermostat in a room senses temperature and switches the heater on/off. Memory: Closed loop has a “C” that stands for “Check and Control”.
开环系统没有反馈，只是盲目执行。固定时序的交通灯就是开环系统。闭环系统利用反馈自我调节。房间内的恒温器感知温度并控制加热器开关。记忆：闭环的“闭”字里面有“才”，代表“才能检查和调节”。
Programmable logic controller (PLC) is a rugged industrial computer that controls machines. Think of it as the “brain of the factory”, receiving inputs from sensors and telling motors and valves what to do.
可编程逻辑控制器 (PLC) 是坚固的工业计算机，用于控制机器。把它想像成“工厂的大脑”，从传感器接收输入，然后指挥电机和阀门工作。
7. Design and Modelling | 设计与建模
CAD (Computer-Aided Design) is using software to create precise 2D or 3D models. SolidWorks, Fusion 360 are examples. Visualise “CAD” as “Create A Design” digitally.
CAD（计算机辅助设计）是使用软件创建精确的二维或三维模型。例如 SolidWorks、Fusion 360。把“CAD”联想为“Create A Design”（创建设计）。
CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing) uses computers to control machines like CNC routers. CAD draws it; CAM makes it. “CAD and CAM are like designer and builder – one dreams, the other builds.”
CAM（计算机辅助制造）使用计算机控制数控机床等设备。CAD 负责绘制，CAM 负责制造。“CAD 和 CAM 就像设计师和建造师——一个构思，另一个建造。”
A prototype is a working model used to test a design before mass production. It’s the “first-born” of a product. Think of a prototype as a “proto-type” – the first example.
原型是在大批量生产前用来测试设计的可用模型。它是产品的“初生儿”。把“prototype”看成“proto”（最初的）– type（类型）。
Scale refers to the ratio between a model’s dimensions and the real object. A 1:10 scale model means 1 cm represents 10 cm. Picture a toy car – it’s a scaled-down version of a real car.
比例是模型尺寸与实物尺寸的比值。1:10 比例模型意味着 1 厘米代表 10 厘米。想象一辆玩具车——它就是真实汽车的缩小版。
8. Health and Safety | 健康与安全
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) includes goggles, gloves, steel-toe boots, and hard hats. Remember “PPE protects People Everyday”.
个人防护装备 (PPE) 包括护目镜、手套、钢头靴和安全帽。记住“PPE 保护人们每一天”。
Risk assessment is identifying potential hazards and deciding how to minimise them. Look for the five steps: Identify, Who might be harmed, Evaluate, Record, Review. Make it a story: “Irving Walks Every Rainy Road.”
风险评估是识别潜在危险并决定如何降低风险的过程。五个步骤：识别危害、确定可能受影响的人员、评估风险并决定控制措施、记录结果、审查评估。编个故事：“Irving Walks Every Rainy Road”（欧文在每条雨天的路上行走）。
Hazard is something that can cause harm, like a sharp blade. Risk is the chance that harm actually happens. A shark in the ocean is a hazard; swimming with it is a risk. Easy link: “Hazard = the thing, Risk = the chance.”
危险源是可能造成伤害的事物，例如锋利的刀片。风险是伤害实际发生的可能性。海洋里的鲨鱼是危险源；跟它一起游泳就是风险。简单联系：“危险源 = 那个东西，风险 = 发生的可能性。”
COSHH stands for Control of Substances Hazardous to Health. It deals with chemicals, fumes, dust. Think “Careful Of Substances Harming Health”.
COSHH 是“有害健康物质控制”的缩写，涉及化学品、烟雾、粉尘。联想“小心有害健康的物质”。
9. Measurement and Units | 测量与单位
Engineers use the SI system (International System of Units). Key base units: metre (m) for length, kilogram (kg) for mass, second (s) for time, ampere (A) for electric current. “MIKS” – Metre, Kilogram, Second, Ampere – pronounce it “mix”.
工程师使用国际单位制 (SI)。基本单位：米 (m) 表示长度，千克 (kg) 表示质量，秒 (s) 表示时间，安培 (A) 表示电流。用“MIKS”——Metre, Kilogram, Second, Ampere——发音像“mix”。
Derived units come from base units. Force is measured in newtons (N): 1 N = 1 kg·m/s². Pressure in pascals (Pa): 1 Pa = 1 N/m². Power in watts (W): 1 W = 1 J/s. Link them: “Newton = kg times acceleration (kg·m/s²), Pascal = Newton per square metre, Watt = Joule per second.”
导出单位由基本单位组合而成。力用牛顿 (N) 计量：1 N = 1 kg·m/s²。压强用帕斯卡 (Pa)：1 Pa = 1 N/m²。功率用瓦特 (W)：1 W = 1 J/s。把它们联系起来：“牛顿 = 千克乘加速度，帕斯卡 = 牛顿每平方米，瓦特 = 焦耳每秒”。
A caliper measures small lengths accurately. Analogue Vernier calipers have two scales; digital ones are easier. “Caliper” sounds like “calliper” – a device that measures like a precise “grip”.
卡尺用于精确测量小长度。游标卡尺有两个刻度；数显卡尺更易用。“Caliper”听起来像“calliper”——一个能像精确的“抓握”一样测量的工具。
Tolerance is the allowable variation in a dimension. If a part is 10 mm ± 0.1 mm, it can be between 9.9 and 10.1 mm. Think “Tolerate” – you tolerate a little error.
公差是尺寸允许的变动范围。如果某零件尺寸为 10 mm ± 0.1 mm，即它可在 9.9 mm 到 10.1 mm 之间。联想“容忍”——你容忍一点点误差。
10. Energy and Power | 能量与功率
Energy is the capacity to do work, measured in joules (J). Forms: kinetic (movement), potential (position), thermal, chemical, electrical. “Katie Plays Tennis Carefully Everyday” – Kinetic, Potential, Thermal, Chemical, Electrical.
能量是做功的能力，单位是焦耳 (J)。形式有：动能（运动）、势能（位置）、热能、化学能、电能。用短语记忆：“Katie Plays Tennis Carefully Everyday”——动能、势能、热能、化学能、电能。
Power is the rate of doing work or transferring energy. 1 watt = 1 joule per second. A 60 W lamp uses 60 J of energy each second. “Power is how fast you spend your energy – like a powerful sprinter uses energy quickly.”
功率是做功或传递能量的速率。1 瓦特 = 1 焦耳/秒。一盏 60 W 的灯每秒消耗 60 J 能量。“功率就是你消耗能量的速度——就像强力短跑选手快速消耗能量。”
Efficiency reappears: a machine that wastes less energy is more efficient. LED bulbs are more efficient than incandescent bulbs because less energy is lost as heat. “Efficient = effective and sufficient – it does the job without waste.”
效率再次出现：浪费能量越少的机器效率越高。LED 灯泡比白炽灯效率高，因为较少的能量以热能损失。“高效 = 有效且充足——完成任务而不浪费。”
11. Fasteners and Fixings | 紧固件与连接件
Bolt and nut: A bolt passes through holes; a nut tightens onto its threaded end. Think “Bolt goes through, Nut holds true”.
螺栓与螺母：螺栓穿过孔洞；螺母旋入螺纹末端拧紧。联想“螺栓穿过，螺母紧固”。
Screw creates its own thread in the material. A wood screw tapers to a point. “Screw screws in” – it cuts its own path.
螺钉在材料中自行攻丝。木螺钉前端呈锥形。“螺钉旋入”——它自己切削出通道。
Rivet is a permanent fastener. One end is deformed after insertion. Imagine a rocket rivet – once in place, it stays forever.
铆钉是一种永久性紧固件。插入后一端变形固定。想象火箭的铆钉——一旦就位，永不松动。
Adhesive bonds surfaces chemically. Epoxy glue is strong. “Stick with adhesive” – it’s like a sticky handshake.
粘合剂通过化学作用粘合表面。环氧胶很牢固。“粘合剂粘住”——就像粘性的握手。
12. Summary Memory Techniques | 速记技巧总结
Throughout this guide, we have used several memory strategies. You can apply them to any new term you encounter in your Edexcel Engineering course.
在这份指南中，我们使用了几种记忆策略。你可以将它们应用到 Edexcel 工程课程中遇到的任何新术语上。
Acronyms: Create a word or phrase from first letters, like “Little Piggies Wear Pants In Winter” for simple machines or “IPO” for systems. Invent your own funny phrases.
首字母缩略词：用首字母组成单词或短语，例如简单机械的“Little Piggies Wear Pants In Winter”或系统的“IPO”。创造你自己的有趣短句。
Visualisation: Turn abstract terms into vivid mental pictures. Tension = a tug-of-war; compression = a squashed spring. The sillier the image, the better it sticks.
形象化：把抽象术语变成生动的心理图像。拉力 = 拔河；压力 = 被挤压的弹簧。图像越离奇，记忆越牢固。
Word association: Link new words to familiar ones. Ductile sounds like “duck” (stretchy neck); malleable links to “mallet”. Make puns or rhymes.
词语联想：将新词与熟悉的词联系起来。延展性 (ductile) 听起来像“duck”（伸长的脖子）；可锻性 (malleable) 与“mallet”相关。编双关语或押韵。
Chunking and grouping: Organise terms into logical families – materials, forces, electronics – and revise them together. This helps your brain build a network of connected ideas.
组块与分组：将术语按逻辑归类——材料、力、电子——然后一起复习。这能帮助大脑构建关联思想的网络。
Storytelling: Place terms in a short narrative. For example, a circuit is a road trip: the battery is the petrol station, voltage is the fuel pressure, current is the traffic flow, resistance is road works. Stories make abstract concepts personal and memorable.
故事法：把术语放进简短的叙事中。例如，电路好比一次公路旅行：电池是加油站，电压是燃油压力，电流是车流量，电阻是道路施工。故事让抽象概念变得个性化且难忘。
Frequent low-stakes testing: Use flashcards or quiz a friend. Write a term on one side and its definition and memory hook on the other. Five minutes of daily review beats a one-hour cramming session.
频繁的低风险测试：使用抽认卡或与朋友互相提问。一面写术语，另一面写定义和记忆钩子。每天五分钟的复习胜过一小时突击。
Published by TutorHao | Engineering Revision Series | aleveler.com
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