Year 10 Cambridge Engineering: Terminology Memorisation Guide | 剑桥Year 10工程：词汇术语速记指南

📚 Year 10 Cambridge Engineering: Terminology Memorisation Guide | 剑桥Year 10工程：词汇术语速记指南

Welcome to this quick terminology guide for Year 10 Cambridge Engineering. Building a strong engineering vocabulary is essential for success in both exams and practical projects. This guide presents key terms with simple definitions and memory tricks to help you retain them effectively. Each term is explained with a connection you can easily recall, so let’s dive into the language of engineering.

欢迎阅读这份剑桥Year 10工程学词汇速记指南。建立扎实的工程词汇对考试和实践项目都至关重要。本指南用简单的定义和记忆窍门呈现关键术语，助你高效记忆。每个术语都配有易于联想的方法，让我们一同走进工程的语言世界。

1. Materials and Their Properties | 材料及其性能

Ductility describes a material’s ability to be stretched into a wire. Think of ‘duct’ as in ‘conduit’—a pipe that guides something along. A ductile metal can be drawn through a die just like a wire through a conduit. Copper is highly ductile and is used for electrical wires.

延展性描述材料被拉成丝的能力。记忆法：’duct’让人联想到’conduit’（管道）——就像管道引导物体，延性金属可以像穿管一样被拉成细丝。铜具有高延展性，常用作电线。

Malleability is the capacity to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets without cracking. Remember the word sounds like ‘mallet’, a hammer-like tool. Malleable materials, such as gold and aluminium, can be beaten into shape with a mallet. Foil and sheet metal production relies on this property.

可锻性指材料能被锤打或碾压成薄片而不破裂。记忆法：发音类似’mallet’（木槌）——可锻金属能用槌子敲打成各种形状。金和铝具有优良的可锻性，常用于生产箔片和金属薄板。

Toughness measures the energy a material can absorb before fracture. Imagine a tough rugby player who absorbs heavy tackles yet keeps going. Tough materials, like certain steels, combine strength and ductility and are used where impact resistance matters, such as car bumpers.

韧性衡量材料断裂前能吸收的能量。想象一名强壮的橄榄球运动员承受撞击却不倒下。韧性材料，如某些钢，兼具强度与延展性，适用于需要抗冲击的场合，比如汽车保险杠。

Hardness indicates resistance to permanent indentation or scratching. Think of a diamond scratching glass—the diamond is harder. In engineering, a hard material resists wear, so cutting tools are often made from hardened steel or carbides.

硬度表示抵抗永久压痕或划伤的能力。想象钻石划玻璃——钻石更硬。在工程中，硬的材料耐磨损，因此切削工具常由淬硬钢或硬质合金制成。

Ferrous metals contain iron, making them magnetic and prone to rust. Remember ‘ferrum’ is Latin for iron. Mild steel is an example. Non-ferrous metals, like aluminium and copper, do not contain iron; they resist corrosion and are often used for electrical and outdoor applications.

黑色金属含铁，故有磁性且易生锈。记住拉丁语’ferrum’（铁）。低碳钢即为一例。非铁金属如铝和铜不含铁，耐腐蚀，常用于电气和户外场合。

2. Forces, Stress and Strain | 力、应力与应变

Tension is a pulling force acting to stretch a component. Visualise a rope in a tug-of-war: the rope is under tension. In tension, molecules are pulled apart. Cables and tie-rods experience tensile loads.

拉力是试图拉长构件的力。想象拔河中的绳子：绳子承受拉力。在拉力作用下，分子被拉开。缆绳和拉杆承受拉伸载荷。

Compression is a pushing or squeezing force that shortens a material. Picture a pillar supporting a weight—it is in compression. Concrete performs well in compression but poorly in tension, so steel reinforcement is added.

压力/压缩力是缩短材料的推挤力。想象支撑重物的柱子——它受到压缩。混凝土抗压能力强而抗拉差，因此需要加入钢筋。

Shear occurs when two forces act parallel but opposite in direction across a material, like scissors cutting paper. Shear stress leads to sliding failure. Bolts and rivets are designed to withstand shear.

剪切力指两个平行且方向相反的力作用于材料，如剪刀剪纸。剪切应力会导致滑移破坏。螺栓和铆钉需抵抗剪切。

Torsion is a twisting force causing rotation about an axis. A screwdriver twisting a screw applies torsion. Drive shafts in cars are subjected to torsion; they must be designed to avoid shear failure under twist.

扭转力是使物体绕轴旋转的力。螺丝刀拧螺钉时施加了扭转力。汽车传动轴承受扭转，必须设计成能抵抗扭剪破坏。

Stress is force per unit area, often calculated as Stress = Force / Area. Think of it as how concentrated the force is. A sharp heel creates high stress on a floor. Stress helps engineers choose the right cross-section for components.

应力是单位面积上的力，常用公式 应力 = 力 / 面积。可理解为力的集中程度。细高跟会对地面产生高应力。工程师用应力来选取合适的构件截面。

Tensile Stress = F / A

拉应力 = 力 / 面积

Strain is the deformation per unit length, expressed as Strain = Extension / Original Length. It has no unit because it is a ratio. If a 1 m bar stretches by 1 mm, the strain is 0.001 (or 0.1 %).

应变是单位长度的变形，公式为 应变 = 伸长量 / 原长。它是比值，无单位。若1 m杆伸长1 mm，应变为0.001（即0.1%）。

Strain = ΔL / L₀

应变 = 伸长量 / 原长

3. Manufacturing Processes | 制造工艺

Casting is a process where molten metal is poured into a mould and allowed to solidify. Remember ‘cast’ like a fishing cast—molten material is thrown into a shape. Casting is used for engine blocks and intricate shapes that are difficult to machine.

铸造是将熔融金属浇入模腔并冷却凝固的工艺。记忆法：’cast’如同’投掷’——将液态金属投入形状中。发动机缸体和复杂形状常用铸造制造。

Forging shapes metal using compressive forces, often at high temperature, similar to a blacksmith hammering iron. Think ‘forge’ as in forging strength—forged parts have refined grain structure and high toughness. Tools and gears are commonly forged.

锻造利用压缩力（通常加热）使金属成形，像铁匠打铁。记忆法：’forge’一词传达「锻造出强度」——锻造件晶粒细化，韧性高。工具和齿轮常采用锻造。

Welding joins metals by melting the edges and often adding a filler material. Picture two pieces becoming one under intense heat. Welding creates permanent joints; fusion welding is like gluing with molten metal. Shield

Published by TutorHao | Year 10 工程 Revision Series | aleveler.com

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