Year 10 Eduqas Biology: Formulas & Principles Quick Reference | Year 10 Eduqas 生物：公式定理速查手册

📚 Year 10 Eduqas Biology: Formulas & Principles Quick Reference | Year 10 Eduqas 生物：公式定理速查手册

This quick-reference handbook compiles the most essential formulas, principles, and key calculations covered in Year 10 Eduqas GCSE Biology. Use it to check magnification, rates of reaction, percentages, and ecological efficiencies as you revise for assessments. All formulas are presented with clear explanations and example applications tailored to the Eduqas specification.

本速查手册汇总了 Year 10 Eduqas GCSE 生物中最关键的公式、定理和重要计算，涵盖放大倍数、反应速率、百分比变化和生态效率等，方便你在备考时快速查阅。所有公式均配有清晰的解释和针对 Eduqas 大纲的示例应用。

1. Magnification Formula | 放大倍数公式

Magnification tells you how many times larger an image appears compared to the real object. The standard formula is Magnification = Image size ÷ Actual size. Both sizes must be expressed in the same unit before you divide – usually millimetres (mm) or micrometres (µm).

放大倍数表示图像比实际物体放大了多少倍。标准公式为：放大倍数 = 图像大小 ÷ 实际大小。计算前必须将两项大小的单位统一，通常使用毫米（mm）或微米（µm）。

Magnification = Image size ÷ Actual size

To use this formula, first measure the image with a ruler, then convert that measurement into the same unit as the actual size. For example, if the image measures 30 mm and the actual cell is 0.02 mm, magnification = 30 ÷ 0.02 = 1500 ×. When converting units, remember that 1 mm = 1000 µm and 1 cm = 10 mm.

使用该公式时，先用直尺测量图像大小，然后将其换算为与实际大小一致的单位。例如，图像测得 30 mm，而实际细胞大小为 0.02 mm，则放大倍数 = 30 ÷ 0.02 = 1500 倍。单位换算时要牢记：1 mm = 1000 µm，1 cm = 10 mm。

Always express magnification as a number followed by ‘×’ and check that your answer is sensible. An object seen with the naked eye will have a low magnification (close to 1×), while electron micrographs can reach ×100,000 or more. If your calculation gives a tiny number, you may have swapped the image and actual sizes.

放大倍数应以数字加“×”表示，并检查结果是否合理。用肉眼看到的物体放大倍数接近 1 倍，而电子显微镜照片可高达 10 万倍甚至更高。若算出的倍数极小，你可能颠倒了图像大小与实际大小的位置。

2. Actual Size from Micrographs | 显微图像中的实际大小

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