SQA Geography Year 11: Key Terms Memorisation Guide | SQA 地理 Year 11：关键术语速记指南

📚 SQA Geography Year 11: Key Terms Memorisation Guide | SQA 地理 Year 11：关键术语速记指南

Mastering geographical vocabulary is half the battle in your SQA exams. This guide breaks down the most important terms for National 5 Geography into clear, bite-sized definitions matched with simple memorisation tricks. Use it to build confidence, sharpen your recall, and connect concepts quickly under exam pressure.

掌握地理词汇是SQA考试成功的一半。本指南将National 5地理最重要的术语分解成清晰、易懂的定义，并搭配简单的记忆窍门。用它来建立信心、加强记忆，并在考试压力下快速建立概念之间的联系。

1. River Landforms and Processes | 河流地貌与过程

Hydraulic action is the force of water compressing air into cracks in the riverbank, causing rocks to shatter. Think of a high-pressure jet – ‘hydraulic’ means water power.

水力作用是水流力将空气压入河岸裂缝，导致岩石破碎。联想高压水枪，“液压”代表着水的力量。

Abrasion happens when the river’s load (pebbles, sand) scrapes against the bed and banks, wearing them away like sandpaper. Remember ‘abrasive’ – rough and grinding.

磨蚀作用指河流携带的负载物（鹅卵石、沙粒）刮擦河床和河岸，像砂纸一样磨掉表面。记住“磨”就是打磨。

Attrition is the process of rocks bumping into each other and breaking into smaller, rounder pieces. Picture a rock tumbler – rocks chip and smooth each other.

磨耗作用是岩石互相撞击并破碎成更小、更圆的颗粒。想象岩石搅拌机——岩石相互削磨。

Meander is a sweeping bend in the river formed by erosion on the outer bank and deposition on the inner bank. Think of a snake winding its way – meandering.

曲流是河流的大弯，由凹岸侵蚀、凸岸堆积形成。想象一条蜿蜒爬行的蛇——meander就是‘蜿蜒’。

Oxbow lake is a U-shaped body of water left when a meander is cut off from the main river. Remember ox-bow yoke – the shape of a curved ox collar.

牛轭湖是曲流被截断后留下的U形水体。联想牛轭——牛脖子上的弯曲木轭，形状相似。

2. Coastal Landforms and Processes | 海岸地貌与过程

The sequence Cave – Arch – Stack – Stump is formed by wave erosion on a headland. Memorise with the acronym C.A.S.S. – waves first hollow out a cave, then punch through to an arch, collapse leaves a stack, and further erosion reduces it to a stump.

海洞—拱门—海蚀柱—残丘序列是由波浪侵蚀岬角形成的。用首字母C.A.S.S.记忆：波浪先掏空形成海洞，打通成拱门，坍塌留下海蚀柱，持续侵蚀变成残丘。

Longshore drift is the zigzag movement of sediment along the coast. Swash carries material up the beach at an angle; backwash flows straight back down. Imagine a wandering crab leaving a staggered trail.

沿岸漂移是沉积物沿海岸的锯齿状运动。冲流以角度将物质带上滩，回流垂直退回。想象一只螃蟹留下歪歪扭扭的足迹。

Spit is a long, narrow ridge of sand or shingle sticking out from the shore, shaped by longshore drift. Think of a tongue of land ‘spitting’ into the sea.

沙嘴是由沿岸漂移形成、从海岸伸出的长条形沙或砾石脊。联想舌头伸出来——就是一声‘spit’吐沙入海。

Tombolo is a spit that connects an island to the mainland. Your memory hook: ‘Tom connects the island’ – a tombolo ties land together.

连岛沙洲是连接岛屿与大陆的沙嘴。记忆妙招：‘汤姆连接了岛’——tombolo把陆地系在一起。

Bar is a ridge of sand that links two headlands, often enclosing a lagoon. It acts like a bar across a bay. Visualise a natural sand barrier.

沙坝是连接两个岬角的沙脊，常围出潟湖。它像一道横跨海湾的栅栏。想象一道天然的沙堤。

3. Weather and Climate Systems | 天气与气候系统

Depression is a low-pressure system bringing cloud, rain and wind. It forms when warm and cold air meet. Link it to feeling ‘low’ and gloomy weather.

低气压（气旋）是带来云雨和大风的低压系统，因暖冷空气相遇形成。代入‘低气压=心情低落’的阴郁天气。

Warm front is the boundary where warm air rises over cold air, producing prolonged rain and then warming. On a map, it’s shown with red semicircles – imagine warm air ‘hugging’ the cold.

暖锋是暖空气爬升至冷空气之上的界面，带来持续降雨随后升温。地图上用红色半圆标出——想象暖空气‘拥抱’冷空气。

Cold front occurs when cold air pushes under warm air, forcing it up rapidly, causing heavy, short-lived showers. Blue triangles on a map – think cold, sharp teeth.

冷锋是冷空气切入暖空气下方，迫使暖空气迅速抬升，引发强而短暂的阵雨。地图上用蓝色三角形表示——像冰冷的尖牙。

Convectional rainfall happens on hot days when the ground heats the air, it rises, cools and forms tall cumulonimbus clouds and thunderstorm showers. Remember ‘convection’ – hot air rises like a bubble.

对流雨发生在炎热天气，地面加热空气，空气上升冷却形成高耸的积雨云和雷阵雨。记住‘对流’——热空气像气泡一样上升。

Relief rainfall is caused when moist air is forced to rise over hills or mountains, condensing on the windward side and leaving a dry rain shadow on the leeward. Think of relief as landscape – hills force the lift.

地形雨是

Published by TutorHao | Year 11 Geography Revision Series | aleveler.com

更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）