Year 11 OCR Physical Education: Full Syllabus Breakdown | Year 11 OCR 体育：课程大纲全面解析

📚 Year 11 OCR Physical Education: Full Syllabus Breakdown | Year 11 OCR 体育：课程大纲全面解析

In Year 11, mastering the OCR GCSE Physical Education syllabus is about connecting theory to real sporting performance. This guide breaks down every key component, from applied anatomy to the non-exam assessment, helping you structure your revision and practical work effectively.

在 Year 11，掌握 OCR GCSE 体育课程大纲的关键在于将理论与实际运动表现联系起来。本指南将逐一解析从应用解剖学到非考试评估的各个核心组成部分，帮助你有效规划复习和实践任务。

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1. Understanding the OCR GCSE PE Structure | 了解 OCR GCSE 体育的结构

The OCR GCSE PE (9–1) specification (J587) is divided into four components, blending theoretical knowledge with practical application.

OCR GCSE 体育（9–1）考试规范（代码 J587）分为四个组成部分，将理论知识与实践应用融为一体。

• The two written exams cover Applied Anatomy and Physiology, Physical Training, and Socio-cultural Influences and Sports Psychology.

  两场笔试涵盖应用解剖学与生理学、体能训练，以及社会文化影响与运动心理学。

• The non-exam assessment (NEA) comprises three practical performances in different activities and a written Analysis and Evaluation of Performance (AEP).

  非考试评估（NEA）包括三项不同运动项目的实践表现，以及一份书面的运动表现分析与评估（AEP）。

• Component 01 (30%) lasts 1 hour; Component 02 (30%) lasts 1 hour; Practical performances (30%) and AEP (10%).

  Component 01（占 30%）时长 1 小时；Component 02（占 30%）时长 1 小时；实践表现（占 30%）加上 AEP（占 10%）。

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2. Applied Anatomy and Physiology | 应用解剖学与生理学

This topic explores how the musculoskeletal and cardiorespiratory systems function during physical activity, and the effects of exercise on the body.

本专题探讨了肌肉骨骼系统和心肺系统在体育活动中如何运作，以及运动对身体的影响。

The skeleton provides support, protection, and movement via joint types such as hinge, ball and socket, and pivot. Key muscles like the quadriceps, hamstrings, and deltoids work antagonistically to produce movement.

骨骼通过滑车关节、球窝关节和枢轴关节等类型提供支撑、保护和运动。股四头肌、腘绳肌和三角肌等关键肌肉通过拮抗作用产生动作。

Planes and axes are essential for analysing movement: the sagittal plane and frontal axis for a forward somersault, for example. Understanding levers (class 1, 2, 3) helps to evaluate mechanical advantage in sporting actions.

运动面与轴对于分析动作至关重要：例如，矢状面和额状轴对应于前空翻。理解杠杆（1 类、2 类、3 类）有助于评估体育动作中的机械优势。

The cardiovascular system’s response to exercise includes increased heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output. Be able to calculate cardiac output using the formula:

心血管系统对运动的反应包括心率、每搏输出量和心输出量的增加。要能运用公式计算心输出量：

Cardiac Output = Stroke Volume × Heart Rate

The respiratory system focuses on gaseous exchange at the alveoli and the mechanics of breathing (inspiration and expiration), linking to aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

呼吸系统关注肺泡处的气体交换以及呼吸力学（吸气和呼气），并与有氧和无氧呼吸相联系。

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3. Physical Training | 体能训练

This section links directly to the body systems, showing how training can improve physical fitness components and prevent injury.

本部分与身体系统直接相关，展示如何通过训练提高体适能组成部分并预防损伤。

The components of fitness include health-related components (cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, body composition) and skill-related components (agility, balance, coordination, power, reaction time, speed).

体适能组成部分包括健康相关部分（心血管耐力、肌肉力量、肌肉耐力、柔韧性、身体成分）和技能相关部分（敏捷性、平衡、协调、爆发力、反应时间、速度）。

Principles of training (SPORRT: Specificity, Progression, Overload, Reversibility, Rest, Tedium) must be applied with FITT (Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type) to design effective training programmes. The overload principle uses these FITT variables.

训练原则（SPORRT：专项性、渐进性、超负荷、可逆性、休息、枯燥感）必须结合 FITT（频率、强度、时间、类型）来设计有效的训练计划。超负荷原则通过调整这些 FITT 变量实现。

Various training methods include continuous, fartlek, interval, circuit, weight, plyometric, and HIIT training. Each targets specific fitness components.

各种训练方法包括持续训练、法特莱克训练、间歇训练、循环训练、负重训练、增强式训练和高强度间歇训练（HIIT）。每种方法针对特定的体适能组成部分。

Injury prevention involves understanding risks, using PPE, proper warm-up and cool-down routines, and applying rules and correct technique.

预防损伤包括了解风险、使用个人防护装备、进行适当的热身和整理活动，并遵守规则和正确技术。

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4. Sports Psychology | 运动心理学

Sports psychology examines the mental factors that affect performance, including skill classification, goal setting, guidance, feedback, and arousal control.

运动心理学考察影响运动表现的心理因素，包括技能分类、目标设定、指导、反馈和唤醒水平控制。

Skills are placed on continua: open–closed, gross–fine, self-paced–externally paced, discrete–serial–continuous. Recognising where a skill lies influences practice structure.

技能可按连续体分类：开放–闭合、粗大–精细、自定节奏–外部节奏、分立–序列–连续。识别技能所处的位置会影响练习结构。

Goal setting using SMART targets (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Recorded, Timed) helps maintain motivation. Intrinsic and extrinsic feedback and knowledge of results/performance are vital for improvement.

运用 SMART 目标（具体、可测量、可达成、记录、有时间限制）进行目标设定有助于保持动机。内在反馈、外在反馈以及结果/表现认知对于提高至关重要。

Arousal theories, such as the inverted-U theory, explain the relationship between arousal and performance. The optimum level varies with skill type and personality (introvert vs extrovert) and can be controlled through techniques like deep breathing and mental rehearsal.

唤醒理论（如倒 U 型理论）解释了唤醒与表现之间的关系。最佳水平因技能类型和个性（内向与外向）而异，并可通过深呼吸和心智演练等技术进行调节。

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5. Socio-cultural Influences | 社会文化影响

This unit explores how social, cultural, and ethical factors shape participation and performance in physical activity and sport.

本单元探讨社会、文化和伦理因素如何影响体育活动的参与和表现。

Key topics include the impact of media, sponsorship, and commercialisation on sport, including the golden triangle of sport, media, and business. Understanding the positive and negative effects on performers, officials, and spectators is essential.

关键主题包括媒体、赞助和商业化对体育的影响，以及体育、媒体和商业之间的“金三角”。理解这些因素对运动员、裁判和观众的正面与负面影响至关重要。

Ethical issues such as sportsmanship, gamesmanship, deviance (e.g. doping, match-fixing), and the role of performance-enhancing drugs in sport must be addressed. You should know key substances and their effects.

必须涉及体育道德、竞技技巧、越轨行为（如兴奋剂、假球）以及运动表现增强药物的作用。你需要了解主要药物及其效果。

Participation patterns are influenced by gender, race, religion, culture, disability, and socio-economic group. Strategies to improve participation include community programmes and adapted activities.

参与模式受到性别、种族、宗教、文化、残疾和社会经济群体的影响。提高参与度的策略包括社区项目和适应性活动。

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6. Health, Fitness and Well-being | 健康、体能与福祉

This section defines physical, mental, and social health and well-being, linking a balanced lifestyle to long-term benefits and performance outcomes.

本部分定义了身体、心理和社交健康与福祉，并将均衡的生活方式与长期益处和运动成果联系起来。

A healthy active lifestyle can reduce the risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease, and improve self-esteem. The role of diet, hydration, and energy balance is fundamental.

健康积极的生活方式可以降低肥胖、心血管疾病的风险，并提高自尊。饮食、水分补充和能量平衡的作用至关重要。

Macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats) and micronutrients (vitamins, minerals) must be linked to exercise demands. For instance, carbohydrate loading for endurance and protein for muscle repair.

宏量营养素（碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪）和微量营养素（维生素、矿物质）必须与运动需求联系起来。例如，耐力运动的糖原负荷法和肌肉修复的蛋白质补充。

Reasons for and consequences of a sedentary lifestyle, plus physical, emotional and social health benefits of taking part in physical activity, are exam staples.

久坐生活方式的原因和后果，以及参与体育活动带来的身体、情感和社交健康益处，是考试中的常客。

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7. Practical Performance – Non-Exam Assessment (NEA) | 实践表现 – 非考试评估 (NEA)

You must submit three practical performances, each from a different activity category (team, individual, or dual). These are assessed by your teacher and moderated externally.

你必须提交三项实践表现，每一项来自不同的运动类别（团队项目、个人项目或双人项目）。这些评估由你的老师进行，并接受外部审核。

For each activity, you are marked on the range and quality of skills, decision-making, and physical attributes during conditioned or competitive situations. Video evidence is often required.

对于每项运动，评分依据是在条件限制或竞争情境下技能的范围与质量、决策能力以及身体素质。通常需要提供视频证据。

Year 11 is the time to refine core skills, improve tactical awareness, and ensure fitness levels meet the demands of your chosen sports. Regular practice and match-play are essential.

Year 11 是精进核心技能、提高战术意识并确保体能水平满足所选运动要求的时期。定期训练和比赛实践至关重要。

You can be assessed in activities like football, netball, swimming, athletics, badminton, and many others from the OCR activity list.

你可以在足球、无板篮球、游泳、田径、羽毛球等 OCR 活动列表中的项目中接受评估。

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8. Analysis and Evaluation of Performance (AEP) | 运动表现分析与评估 (AEP)

The AEP is a written coursework task worth 10% of the GCSE. You analyse a performer’s strengths and weaknesses, then design a training plan to improve an area of weakness.

AEP 是一项书面课程作业，占 GCSE 总分的 10%。你需要分析一名运动员的优势与弱点，然后设计一份训练计划来改进某一弱点。

The task requires you to apply knowledge from all theory topics: justifying choice of fitness test, using principles of training and FITT, explaining drills and exercises, and reviewing the planned programme.

该任务要求你运用所有理论专题的知识：为所选体能测试提供理由、运用训练原则和 FITT、解释练习活动，并评估所设计的训练计划。

Use data such as the PAR-Q, fitness test results, and normative data tables to benchmark and track progress. Your evaluation should be clear, concise, and scientifically sound.

使用 PAR-Q 问卷、体能测试结果和常模数据表来基准比较和跟踪进展。你的评估应清晰、简洁且科学严谨。

Published by TutorHao | Year 11 体育 Revision Series | aleveler.com

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