📚 Year 12 OCR French: In-depth Analysis of Past Papers | Year 12 OCR 法语：历年真题深度解析
Welcome to a comprehensive breakdown of the Year 12 OCR French examination. This guide draws on recurring patterns, common challenges and examiner feedback from past papers to help you approach each component with confidence. Rather than offering generic revision tips, we will dissect real question types, mark scheme expectations and strategies that can lift your performance from a pass to a top grade.
欢迎来到 Year 12 OCR 法语考试的深度解析。本指南基于历年真题中反复出现的模式、常见难点和考官反馈，帮助你自信地应对每个部分。我们不会停留在泛泛的复习建议，而是深入剖析真实题型、评分标准的要求以及能够将成绩从及格提升至高分的应试策略。
1. Understanding the OCR AS French Exam Structure | 理解 OCR AS 法语考试结构
Before dissecting individual papers, it is essential to internalise the overall framework. The OCR AS French qualification (H072) consists of three externally assessed components: Paper 1 (Listening, Reading and Translation), Paper 2 (Writing) and Paper 3 (Speaking). Paper 1 lasts 1 hour 30 minutes and is worth 80 marks, making it the heaviest single component. Paper 2 is a 35-minute writing task worth 28 marks, and Paper 3 is a speaking exam lasting around 30 minutes, also worth 72 marks.
在深入分析各卷之前，必须熟记整体框架。OCR AS 法语资格（H072）由三个外部评估部分组成：卷 1（听力、阅读与翻译）、卷 2（写作）和卷 3（口语）。卷 1 时长 1 小时 30 分钟，总分 80 分，是权重最高的部分。卷 2 为 35 分钟的写作任务，分值 28 分；卷 3 为时长约 30 分钟的口语考试，分值 72 分。
Past papers reveal that weightings are distributed unevenly across skills. Nearly half of all marks are awarded for listening and reading; therefore, timed practice with authentic recordings and texts is non-negotiable. The speaking component carries high stakes but is often overlooked in early revision. A strategic revision plan should allocate approximately 40% of time to Paper 1 receptive skills, 20% to Paper 2 writing, and 40% to Paper 3 speaking preparation from the start of Year 12.
历年真题显示各技能的分值分布并不均匀。几乎一半的分数来自听力和阅读，因此使用真实录音和语篇进行限时训练是不可或缺的。口语部分分值极高，但常在早期复习中被忽视。一个策略性的复习计划从 Year 12 一开始就应将约 40% 的时间分配给卷 1 的输入技能，20% 给卷 2 写作，40% 给卷 3 的口语准备。
2. Listening Comprehension: Tackling Multiple-Choice and Gap-Fill | 听力理解：攻克选择题与填空
Listening tasks in the OCR AS paper typically include a mixture of multiple-choice questions, true/false statements and the distinctive gap-fill exercise where you complete sentences using words from the recording. Examiner reports consistently stress that candidates lose marks not because they fail to understand the gist, but because they miss precise details or allow spelling errors to slip into the gap-fill.
OCR AS 试卷中的听力任务通常包括选择题、正误判断题以及独特的填空练习——你需要用录音中的原词完成句子。考官报告一再强调，考生丢分往往不是因为没听懂大意，而是遗漏了精确的细节，或是在填空题中出现拼写错误。
For gap-fill items, train yourself to anticipate the part of speech and grammatical form required. If the blank follows a preposition, you will likely need a noun or an infinitive. If an article stands before the gap, the missing word must agree in gender and number. Past papers show that many answers are directly lifted from the speaker’s exact words, so paraphrasing is penalised. Practise by transcribing short sections from podcasts such as ‘Journal en francais facile’ and checking each word against the transcript.
对于填空题型，要训练自己预判所需填入的词性和语法形式。如果空格位于介词之后，大概率需要一个名词或不定式；如果空格前有冠词，缺失的词必须在性数上保持一致。历年真题表明，许多答案直接取自说话者的原词，因此改写会被扣分。建议通过转写 ‘Journal en français facile’ 等播客的短片段、并对照官方文本核对每个单词进行练习。
Multiple-choice questions often employ distractors that sound plausible but contain a subtle contradiction. One technique is to read the questions during the first pause and underline the key words in English. Then during the second listen, you can actively search for the French equivalents of those keywords. Never leave a multiple-choice item blank; an educated guess based on contextual clues is always better than a missing response.
选择题常使用听起来合理但包含细微矛盾的干扰项。一个有效技巧是在第一遍暂停时阅读题目并划出英文关键词，然后在第二遍播放时主动搜寻这些关键词的法语对应表达。选择题绝不要留空；基于上下文线索的合理推测永远好过空白答案。
3. Reading Comprehension: Strategies for Authentic Texts | 阅读理解：应对真实语篇的策略
Reading sections present texts drawn from news articles, blogs, interviews or reports on the AS sub-themes: the evolution of family structures, education, the world of work, music, media and festivals/traditions. The questions demand more than surface comprehension; you must often infer attitudes, recognise tone and distinguish fact from opinion.
阅读部分选取的文本来自新闻文章、博客、访谈或报告，覆盖 AS 子主题：家庭结构的演变、教育、职场世界、音乐、媒体以及节日/传统。题目要求的不仅仅是表层理解，你常常需要推断态度、识别语气并区分事实与观点。
From past paper analysis, a winning approach is to read the questions before the text. Highlight the exact wording of the instruction: does it ask you to ‘mention two reasons’ or ‘explain why’? If the command word is ‘explain’, a single-word answer copied from the text will not suffice; you must demonstrate understanding by rephrasing in your own words, though crucially still in the target language where required. Practice with OCR samplers indicates that the ‘rephrasing in French’ type of question causes the greatest stumble. To prepare, take a paragraph from a past paper and rewrite it using synonyms and alternative structures without altering the meaning.
从历年真题分析来看，一个成功的做法是先读题再看文章。划出指示词的确切措辞：题目要求的是 ‘mention two reasons’ 还是 ‘explain why’？如果指令词是 ‘explain’，仅从文本中照抄一个单词是远远不够的，你必须通过自己的语言转述来展示理解，但在指定情况下仍须使用目标语言。OCR 样卷显示，”用法语转述” 类的题目最容易导致失误。为了做好准备，可以选取历年真题中的一段文字，用同义词和替代结构重写，同时不改变原意。
Another persistent pitfall is lifting whole chunks from the text when the rubric states ‘do not copy large sections from the text’. Examiners are trained to ignore verbatim reproductions. Instead, build a toolkit of paraphrasing expressions such as ‘il s’agit de’, ‘c’est-a-dire’, ‘en d’autres termes’ and practise condensing lengthy sentences into concise summaries. This skill also feeds directly into Paper 2 writing.
另一个常见的陷阱是当题目要求 ‘do not copy large sections from the text’ 时，仍从文中照搬大段内容。考官经培训会忽略逐字复制的内容。你应该建立一套转述表达的工具箱，例如 ‘il s’agit de’、’c’est-a-dire’、’en d’autres termes’，并练习将长句压缩为简洁的总结。这项技能也能直接迁移到卷 2 的写作中。
4. Grammar in Context: Common Pitfalls from Past Papers | 语境中的语法：历年真题常见陷阱
Grammar is not tested in isolation in OCR AS French but is embedded into translation and gap-fill exercises. Past papers highlight three recurrent areas of weakness: agreement of the past participle with preceding direct objects, the subjunctive after set phrases, and the distinction between the imperfect and perfect tenses in narrative.
在 OCR AS 法语中，语法并不是孤立考查的，而是嵌入在翻译和填空练习里。历年真题揭示了三大反复出现的薄弱区域：过去分词与前置直接宾语的配合、固定短语后的虚拟式，以及叙事中未完成过去时与复合过去时的区分。
Let us take the past participle agreement rule. When a preceding direct object pronoun (la, les, que) appears before a verb in the perfect tense, the past participle must agree in gender and number. For example, ‘Les lettres que j’ai ecrites’ (not ecrit). In gap-fill tasks, missing the final ‘-es’ loses the mark entirely. To internalise this, create a short quiz for yourself using sentences from the 2018 and 2019 papers, highlighting all instances of preceding direct objects.
以过去分词配合规则为例。当复合过去时的动词前有直接宾语代词（la、les、que）时，过去分词必须在性数上与之配合。例如 ‘Les lettres que j’ai ecrites’（而非 ecrit）。在填空题中，遗漏词尾的 ‘-es’ 就会完全丢分。为了内化这一规则，可以用 2018 和 2019 年真题中的句子给自己制作小测验，标出所有前置直接宾语的实例。
The subjunctive appears regularly after conjunctions such as ‘bien que’, ‘pour que’, ‘avant que’ and in expressions of necessity like ‘il faut que’. Many candidates avoid it, but top-grade scripts use it accurately to express doubt, desire or urgency. Flashcards with trigger phrases on one side and a sample sentence on the other are a high-impact revision tool. Remember that the subjunctive is not optional after a triggering conjunction; the indicative form will be marked wrong in translation tasks.
虚拟式常出现在 ‘bien que’、’pour que’、’avant que’ 等连词之后，以及 ‘il faut que’ 这类表示必要性的结构中。许多考生回避使用虚拟式，但高分答卷会准确使用它来表达怀疑、愿望或紧迫性。一面写触发短语、另一面写例句的闪卡是一种高效的复习工具。请记住，触发连词之后使用虚拟式并非可有可无，在翻译任务中使用直陈式形式将被判错。
5. Translation into English: Accuracy and Nuance | 法译英：准确与微妙
The translation passage from French to English usually comprises a short paragraph of around 50 words on a topic from the AS themes. The aim is to assess your ability to transfer meaning accurately, not to produce a creative rewriting. Examiner reports show that the most common errors are omission of small words (‘y’, ‘en’, ‘bien’), mistranslation of tenses and failure to convert French idiomatic structures into natural English.
法译英的段落通常是一篇约 50 词的短文，话题取自 AS 主题。它的目的是考查你准确传递意思的能力，而非进行创意性改写。考官报告表明，最常见的错误包括遗漏小词（’y’、’en’、’bien’）、时态翻译错误，以及未能将法语习语结构转化为自然的英语表达。
A systematic method that works is the three-step approach: first, read the entire French passage to grasp the context. Second, write a literal first draft, respecting the French word order. Third, edit that draft into idiomatic English, ensuring every word has been accounted for. If the French says ‘je viens de finir’, translating as ‘I have just finished’ preserves the immediacy, whereas ‘I finished’ loses the aspect. Similarly, ‘je suis en train de lire’ must become ‘I am reading’ or ‘I am in the middle of reading’, not a simple ‘I read’.
一个行之有效的系统方法是三步法：首先，通读法语段落以理解语境。其次，写出贴近法语词序的字面初稿。第三，将初稿修改地道的英语，确保每个词都得到对应。如果法语写的是 ‘je viens de finir’，译为 ‘I have just finished’ 才能保留时间上的即刻性，而 ‘I finished’ 则丢失了体貌。同样，’je suis en train de lire’ 必须译为 ‘I am reading’ 或 ‘I am in the middle of reading’，而不是简单的 ‘I read’。
Past papers also reward the ability to recognise and correctly render the perfect tense when a past historic might have been expected in older literary texts. The OCR AS passages use contemporary French, so the perfect tense predominates. Practise with the translation exercises from 2016 onwards and compare your version against the official mark scheme to see exactly where marks are awarded for exactness.
历年真题还奖励这样一种能力：能够识别并正确呈现复合过去时，即使在某些较老的文学文本中可能使用简单过去时。OCR AS 的段落使用现代法语，因此复合过去时占主导。使用 2016 年及以后的翻译练习，并将你的版本与官方评分方案进行比对，以准确看出哪些地方因精确而得分。
6. Translation into French: Mastering Key Structures | 英译法：掌握关键结构
The English-to-French translation is feared by many but proves highly formulaic once you analyse past papers. The passage is also approximately 50 words and deliberately embeds a handful of target structures, such as the use of ‘depuis’ with the present tense, negative expressions, relative pronouns and object pronouns. The key is to identify these ‘hidden tests’ before you start writing.
英译法让许多考生畏惧，但一旦分析历年真题，就会发现它非常格式化。该段落也大约 50 词，并有意嵌入若干目标结构，例如 ‘depuis’ 与现在时的搭配、否定表达、关系代词和宾语代词。关键是在动笔之前先识别出这些”隐藏的考点”。
Let us illustrate with a typical sentence: ‘She has been working there for three years and still enjoys her job.’ The examiner expects ‘Elle y travaille depuis trois ans et elle aime toujours son travail.’ The verb ‘has been working’ must be rendered by the present tense ‘travaille’ because of ‘depuis’, not the perfect. The pronoun ‘y’ replaces ‘there’, and ‘still’ becomes ‘toujours’, placed after the verb. Practising a stock list of such conversions will save precious minutes in the exam.
我们以一个典型句子为例：’She has been working there for three years and still enjoys her job.’ 考官期望的译文是 ‘Elle y travaille depuis trois ans et elle aime toujours son travail.’。动词 ‘has been working’ 因为 ‘depuis’ 必须用现在时 ‘travaille’ 来表达，而不是完成时态。代词 ‘y’ 替代了 ‘there’，而 ‘still’ 变为 ‘toujours’ 并置于动词之后。练习这类转换的固定清单将在考试中节省宝贵的分钟。
Negation often trips up candidates. Sentences like ‘He never does anything’ require the full ‘ne…jamais rien’ construction: ‘Il ne fait jamais rien.’ Silent letter agreements (for example, making the past participle agree when ‘que’ precedes) are also a common mark trap. Create a checklist from past papers: depuis + present, venir de + infinitive, ce qui / ce que, en / y, negative sandwich, agreement. Tick each one as you draft your translation.
否定结构常常绊倒考生。像 ‘He never does anything’ 这样的句子需要完整的 ‘ne…jamais rien’ 结构：’Il ne fait jamais rien.’。哑音字母的配合（例如 ‘que’ 在前时过去分词的配合）也是一个常见的扣分陷阱。从历年真题中总结一份清单：depuis + 现在时、venir de + 不定式、ce qui / ce que、en / y、否定夹层、配合。在起草译文时逐一核对打勾。
7. Writing the Discursive Essay: Structure and Argument | 议论文写作：结构与论证
Paper 2 requires you to write a discursive essay of around 140 words on a statement linked to one of the AS sub-themes. Past papers show that titles often follow the pattern ‘Do you agree that…?’ or ‘Is it true that…?’ and demand a balanced, evidence-based argument. The mark scheme awards marks for content, linguistic range and accuracy, with a strong emphasis on clear paragraphing and logic.
卷 2 要求你针对一条与 AS 子主题相关的陈述撰写一篇约 140 词的议论文。历年真题显示，题目常遵循 ‘Do you agree that…?’ 或 ‘Is it true that…?’ 的模式，并要求给出平衡、有据的论证。评分方案对内容、语言广度和准确性进行评分，并特别强调清晰的段落划分和逻辑。
A proven formula is the four-paragraph model: a brief introduction stating your viewpoint, two contrasting body paragraphs (one supporting the statement, one offering a counterargument), and a concise conclusion. For example, if the title is ‘Les reseaux sociaux sont dangereux pour les jeunes’, paragraph one could explore cyberbullying and addiction, while paragraph two highlights educational resources and connectivity. Even if you personally disagree strongly, presenting a balanced argument is essential for the highest content band.
一个验证有效的公式是四段式模型：一个陈述观点的简短引言，两个对比的主体段落（一个支持该陈述，另一个提出对立论点），以及一个简洁的结论。例如，如果题目是 ‘Les reseaux sociaux sont dangereux pour les jeunes’，第一段可以探讨网络霸凌和成瘾，第二段则可以突出教育资源和联系性。即使你个人强烈反对，呈现平衡的论证仍是获得最高内容等级的必备条件。
Linguistically, examiners look for complex structures embedded naturally: a subjunctive after ‘bien que’, a si clause with the imperfect and conditional, and connectives beyond ‘et’ and ‘mais’ such as ‘par ailleurs’, ‘en revanche’, ‘neanmoins’. Keep a tally at the margin of your plan: aim for at least two subjunctives, one si clause and three advanced connectives. This mechanical check ensures your range score reaches the top brackets.
在语言方面，考官寻找自然嵌入的复杂结构：’bien que’ 之后的虚拟式、使用未完成过去时和条件式的 si 从句，以及 ‘et’ 和 ‘mais’ 以外的连接词，如 ‘par ailleurs’、’en revanche’、’neanmoins’。在提纲页边空白处做个计数：目标是至少两个虚拟式、一个 si 从句和三个高级连接词。这种机械性检查能确保你的语言广度得分进入最高等级。
8. Speaking Exam: Role-Play and Discussion Cards | 口语考试：角色扮演与讨论卡片
The speaking component is often the most nerve-wracking, yet it is where preparation can make the greatest difference. The exam consists of a role-play (approximately 5 minutes) and a discussion based on two stimulus cards (approximately 10 minutes per card). The role-play tests transactional language and the ability to cope with the unexpected; the discussion probes deeper into the AS themes.
口语部分常常是最令人紧张的环节，但也是准备能带来最大差异的地方。考试由一段角色扮演（约 5 分钟）和基于两张提示卡片的讨论（每张卡片约 10 分钟）组成。角色扮演测试事务性语言和临场应变能力，而讨论则深入探讨 AS 主题。
In the role-play, examiners consistently penalise candidates who fail to address the bullet points fully or who lapse into pre-learnt monologues. Each bullet requires a response that fulfils the communicative function, whether it is asking a question, expressing surprise or refusing an invitation politely. Use past paper role-play scenarios to generate five alternative responses for each bullet. For instance, if the bullet is ‘Refusez poliment et donnez une raison’, you should be able to produce variants like ‘Je suis desole(e) mais je dois garder mon petit frere’ or ‘C’est tres gentil, mais j’ai deja un rendez-vous’. This flexibility prevents blank moments.
在角色扮演中，考官一贯会对未能充分回应提示要点或陷入预先背诵独白的考生扣分。每个提示要点都需要一个完成交际功能的回应，无论是提问、表达惊讶还是礼貌拒绝邀请。利用历年真题中的角色扮演场景，为每个提示要点生成五种不同的回应方式。例如，如果提示是 ‘Refusez poliment et donnez une raison’，你应该能够说出如 ‘Je suis desole(e) mais je dois garder mon petit frere’ 或 ‘C’est tres gentil, mais j’ai deja un rendez-vous’ 等变体。这种灵活性可以防止卡壳。
For the discussion cards, examiners reward candidates who treat the exchange as a genuine conversation rather than a presentation. Build a bank of opinions on each sub-theme, supported by concrete examples from the Francophone world: a statistic about French youth unemployment, a reference to the film ‘La Haine’ or a mention of the festival ‘Fête de la Musique’. These concrete details lift your performance from a generic to a top-tier response. Record yourself answering past card questions and listen critically for hesitation, pronunciation of key terms (like ‘baccalaureat’ or ‘hebdomadaire’) and the natural use of fillers like ‘en fait’ and ‘disons’.
对于讨论卡片，考官会奖励那些将交流视为真正对话而非演讲的考生。建立一个覆盖每个子主题的观点宝库，并用来自法语世界的具体例子加以支撑：一个关于法国青年失业率的统计数据、对电影 ‘La Haine’ 的引用，或者提及 ‘Fête de la Musique’ 节日。这些具体细节能将你的表现从一般提升至顶尖水平。给自己回答历年卡片问题录音，并批判性地倾听犹豫、关键术语的发音（如 ‘baccalaureat’ 或 ‘hebdomadaire’）以及 ‘en fait’ 和 ‘disons’ 等填充词的运用是否自然。
9. Vocabulary Building from Past Paper Themes | 从历年真题主题积累词汇
Passive vocabulary recognition is not enough; active deployment of theme-specific lexis is what differentiates a grade C from an A. By mining past papers, you can create a personal lexicon of high-utility words that reappear across topics. For the family theme, words like ‘foyer’, ‘famille recomposee’, ‘divorce’ and ‘garde partagee’ appear with high frequency. For education, ‘redoublement’, ‘filiere’ and ‘bac’ are inescapable.
被动词汇认知是不够的，主动运用与主题相关的词汇才是拉开 C 等与 A 等的关键。通过挖掘历年真题，你可以创建一份跨主题重复出现的高频个人词汇表。对于家庭主题，’foyer’、’famille recomposee’、’divorce’ 和 ‘garde partagee’ 等词汇出现频率极高。对于教育主题，’redoublement’、’filiere’ 和 ‘bac’ 是绕不开的。
A productive method is thematic mapping. Take an empty page and write one AS sub-theme in the centre, then branch out into nouns, verbs, adjectives and idiomatic expressions sourced from past paper texts. For ‘le monde du travail’, you could map ‘un CDI’, ‘un stage’, ‘postuler’, ’embaucher’, ‘precaire’, ‘le chomage’ and the expression ‘mettre toutes les chances de son cote’. Review these maps orally, building full sentences to lock in the gender and context.
一种有效的产出性方法是主题映射。取一张空白页，将 AS 的一个子主题写在中央，然后用从历年真题文本中收集的名词、动词、形容词和习语表达向外发散。对于 ‘le monde du travail’，你可以映射 ‘un CDI’、’un stage’、’postuler’、’embaucher’、’precaire’、’le chomage’ 以及表达 ‘mettre toutes les chances de son cote’。以口头方式复习这些映射图，构建完整句子以固化性和数及语境。
Beware of false friends that lurk in past papers and lead to embarrassing translation errors. ‘Actuellement’ means ‘currently’, not ‘actually’; ‘eventuellement’ means ‘possibly’, not ‘eventually’; ‘une cave’ is a cellar, not a cave. Create a dedicated false-friend wall chart and update it each time you encounter a new one in a mock. This visual reminder will drastically reduce avoidable mistakes.
要警惕潜伏在历年真题中的假朋友，它们会导致尴尬的翻译错误。’Actuellement’ 意为 “目前”，而非 “实际上”；’eventuellement’ 意为 “可能地”，而非 “最终”；’une cave’ 是地窖，而非洞穴。制作一张专用的假朋友海报，每次在模拟练习中遇到新的假朋友时就更新上去。这种视觉提醒将大幅减少可避免的错误。
10. Time Management and Exam Techniques | 时间管理与考试技巧
Even well-prepared candidates can lose marks through poor time allocation. A granular breakdown of the 90 minutes for Paper 1, based on examiner timing recommendations, suggests: 30 minutes for listening (including the initial silent reading time), 40 minutes for reading, and 20 minutes for both translations. Stick to this distribution ruthlessly during mocks; if you overrun on reading, you compromise the translations which are often easier to score on.
即使准备充分的考生也可能因时间分配不当而失分。根据考官的时间建议，卷 1 的 90 分钟可细分为：听力 30 分钟（含最初阅读问题的时间），阅读 40 分钟，以及两篇翻译共计 20 分钟。在模拟考试中要严格执行这一分配；如果阅读超时，就会损害翻译部分，而翻译往往更容易得分。
A practical technique is the ‘three-pass’ method for reading. First pass: scan all questions quickly and underline command words. Second pass: read the text thoroughly and answer the straightforward questions. Third pass: return to the trickier inferential questions with fresh eyes, locating specific evidence in the text. This prevents getting stuck on a single item and leaving easy marks at the end of the paper unanswered.
一个实用的技巧是阅读部分的 “三遍法”。第一遍：快速浏览所有题目并划出指令词。第二遍：通读全文并回答直接的问题。第三遍：以崭新的眼光回头处理那些较棘手的推断题，在文中定位具体证据。这可以防止在一道题上卡住，而导致试卷末尾的简单题目空着没答。
For Paper 2, spend the first 5 minutes planning on the question paper. Jot down a mini mind-map and a rough word count per paragraph. Write the introduction last, after you have formed your conclusion, so that the thesis statement matches the final argument perfectly. Allocate 25 minutes for writing and a vital 5 minutes for proofreading, focusing solely on glaring errors: missing agreements, wrong auxiliary (avoir vs etre) and omitted negation ‘ne’. Many past paper scripts miss the top grade by just a few such careless slips.
对于卷 2，前 5 分钟应在题卷上进行规划。画一个小型思维导图并注明每段的粗略字数。引言部分最后写，在你形成结论之后，这样中心论点句就能与最终论证完美契合。分配 25 分钟写作，以及至关重要的 5 分钟校对，只关注显眼的错误：缺失的配合、用错的助动词（avoir 还是 etre）以及漏掉的否定词 ‘ne’。不少历年真题答卷仅因几处这类粗心失误而与最高分失之交臂。
Speaking exam timing is governed by the examiner, but you can control your own responses. Aim for a natural pace; do not rush. If you cannot recall a specific word, describe it (‘c’est l’objet qu’on utilise pour…’) and move on. The worst strategy is total silence. Practice sessions with a clock and a peer acting as examiner will build the stamina you need.
口语考试的时间由考官掌控，但你可以控制自己的回应。力求语速自然，不要匆忙。如果记不起某个具体词汇，可以描述它（’c’est l’objet qu’on utilise pour…’）然后继续。最糟糕的策略是完全沉默。使用计时器、让同伴充当考官进行练习，可以积累所需的耐力。
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