📚 Year 12 OCR Music: Glossary & Terminology Quick Memory Guide | Year 12 OCR 音乐：词汇术语速记指南
For Year 12 OCR Music, confident use of specialist vocabulary can transform an average answer into a top-band response. This guide organises over 55 essential terms into 12 thematic sections, each paired with a rapid-recall memory hook. Work through the sections regularly, and soon you will identify and apply terms such as ‘conjunct’, ‘hemiola’, or ‘Tierce de Picardie’ with ease in listening, appraising, and essay writing.
对于 Year 12 OCR 音乐课程，熟练运用专业词汇能把普通的回答提升为高分答卷。本指南将超过 55 个核心术语编排成 12 个主题小节，每个术语都配有快速记忆的口诀。经常复习这些内容，你很快就会在听力、评价和论文写作中轻松辨认并运用‘级进’、‘赫米奥拉’或‘皮卡第三度’等术语。
1. Melody | 旋律术语
Conjunct (stepwise movement): Melody moves by small intervals, mainly tones and semitones. Imagine walking up stairs without jumping – each step is adjacent. Memory hook: ‘conjunct’ sounds like ‘connect’ – notes stay connected.
级进 (Conjunct): 旋律以级进（全音或半音）移动。想象平稳地爬楼梯，每一步都相邻。记忆法：‘Conjunct’ 发音类似‘connect’（连接），音符紧密相连。
Disjunct (angular movement): Melody leaps between notes that are far apart. Think of a disjointed staircase – you have to skip steps. Hook: ‘disjunct’ = ‘disjointed leaps’.
跳进 (Disjunct): 旋律在相距较远的音符间跳跃。就像断开的楼梯，你必须跳着走。记忆法：‘disjunct’ = ‘disjointed’（脱节的），大跨度跳跃。
Triadic melody: A tune built from the notes of a triad – often arpeggiated. Recognise a 1-3-5 pattern. Hook: ‘tri’ = three, so a melody shaped around three chord tones.
三和弦旋律 (Triadic): 由三和弦的音符构成的旋律，常以琶音形式出现。可识别 1、3、5 级的模式。记忆法：‘tri’ 意为三，旋律围绕三个和弦音展开。
Scalic run: A passage that ascends or descends through a scale in order. Hook: think of a runner flowing down a scale with no skipped notes.
音阶式进行 (Scalic): 按音阶顺序上行或下行的乐段。记忆法：仿佛一个跑者顺着音阶流畅奔跑，不遗漏任何音。
Sequence: A melodic pattern repeated immediately at a higher or lower pitch. Hook: ‘sequence’ = the same shape, just shifted. Spot the repetition step-by-step.
模进 (Sequence): 一个旋律型立即在更高或更低的音高上重复。记忆法：‘sequence’（序列），相同的轮廓，只是整体平移。倾听逐级的重复。
2. Ornamentation | 装饰音术语
Trill (shake): Rapid alternation between the written note and the note above. Hook: imagine a bird ‘trilling’ quickly between two pitches.
颤音 (Trill): 标写音符与其上方音快速交替。记忆法：想象一只鸟在两个音高间‘颤鸣’。
Mordent: A single rapid alternation – upper mordent goes up and back, lower mordent down and back. Hook: ‘moment’ – just a brief flick of the ornament.
波音 (Mordent): 一次快速交替——上波音先上后回，下波音先下后回。记忆法：‘moment’（瞬间），装饰只是一下快速的闪动。
Turn: The note above, the note itself, the note below and the note itself played in rapid succession. Hook: imagine ‘turning’ around the main note.
回音 (Turn): 上方音、本音、下方音、本音快速依次奏出。记忆法：想象围着主音‘转一圈’。
Appoggiatura: A leaning note that takes half the value of the main note and resolves by step, creating an expressive dissonance. Hook: ‘appoggiatura’ = to lean, like leaning on a friend’s shoulder.
倚音 (Appoggiatura): 一个‘倚靠’的音，占主音一半时值，级进解决，产生富有表情的不协和感。记忆法：‘appoggiatura’ 原义为倚靠，像靠在朋友肩膀上。
Acciaccatura (crushed note): A very short grace note played almost simultaneously with the main note, printed with a diagonal stroke. Hook: ‘acciaccatura’ sounds like ‘a-chuck-it-tura’ – a quick crushed note you throw in.
碎音 / 短倚音 (Acciaccatura): 极短的装饰音，几乎与主音同时奏出，符干上带斜线。记忆法：‘acciaccatura’ 读起来像 ‘a-chuck-it-tura’，是一个快速‘扔进去’的压碎音。
3. Harmony | 和声术语
Perfect cadence (V–I): Sounds final and complete, like a full stop. Hook: ‘perfect’ = perfectly finished. Often at the end of a phrase.
完全终止 (V–I): 听感上完整结束，犹如句号。记忆法：‘完全’ = 完美地收束，常位于乐句末尾。
Imperfect cadence (any chord – V): Sounds unfinished, as if a question is asked. Hook: ‘imperfect’ = imperfect ending, leaving you expecting more.
不完全终止 (？–V): 听感未结束，像提出问题。记忆法：‘不完全’ = 结束不完美，令人期待后续。
Plagal cadence (IV–I): The ‘Amen’ cadence at the end of hymns. Hook: ‘Plagal’ rhymes with ‘bagel’ – imagine an amen after blessing your bagel.
变格终止 (IV–I): 常出现在赞美诗的‘阿们’结尾。记忆法：联想‘Plagal’ 与 ‘bagel’ 押韵——祝福你的面包圈后说阿们。
Interrupted cadence (V–vi): The expected I is replaced by vi, creating a surprise. Hook: the music is ‘interrupted’ just when you think it will finish.
阻碍终止 (V–vi): 期待的主和弦被 vi 级替代，产生意外感。记忆法：就在你以为要结束时音乐被‘打断’了。
Suspension: A note from the previous chord is held over into the new chord, creating a dissonance, then resolved stepwise downwards. Hook: ‘suspended’ like a hanging object before it drops into place.
延留音 (Suspension): 前一和弦的音延留到新和弦中形成不协和，然后向下级进解决。记忆法：像悬挂的物件，最后‘落到位’。
4. Tonality | 调性术语
Major tonality: Bright, happy sound based on a major scale pattern (T–T–S–T–T–T–S). Hook: ‘major’ = more sunshine.
大调 (Major): 基于大调音阶的明亮、愉快的音响。记忆法：‘大’调像更大的阳光。
Minor tonality: Often sad or serious, built from a minor scale with a lowered third. Hook: ‘minor’ = less sun, minor clouds.
小调 (Minor): 常带有悲伤或严肃色彩，音阶第三级降低。记忆法：‘小’调阳光较少，小小的阴云。
Modal tonality: Uses modes (Dorian, Phrygian, Mixolydian, etc.) instead of standard major/minor. Hook: ‘mode’ rhymes with ‘road’ – an alternative road to tonal organisation.
调式 (Modal): 运用多利亚、弗里几亚、米索利底亚等调式，而非传统大小调。记忆法：‘mode’ 与 ‘road’ 押韵——另一条调性组织之路。
Atonal: Music without a tonal centre or key. No note feels like home. Hook: ‘A-‘ = without, so no tonic to hold on to.
无调性 (Atonal): 没有调性中心或调的音乐。没有一个音像‘家’。记忆法：‘A-’ 表示没有，没有主音可依附。
Pentatonic scale: A five-note scale, often the black keys on a keyboard. Creates an open, folk-like sound. Hook: ‘penta’ = five, think of a pentagon with five sides.
五声音阶 (Pentatonic): 五个音的音阶，常可用钢琴黑键演奏。听感空灵，富有民谣风。记忆法：‘penta’ 意为五，联想五边形。
5. Rhythm & Metre | 节奏与节拍
Syncopation: Accenting a weak beat or off-beat, upsetting the metrical flow. Hook: ‘syncopation’ = a ‘sinking’ unexpected accent that throws off the expected pulse.
切分音 (Syncopation): 在弱拍或弱位置加重音，打乱节拍自然律动。记忆法：想象一个意料之外的重音‘沉下去’，破坏稳定。
Hemiola: A rhythmic device where two bars of triple metre feel like three bars of duple metre (e.g. 3/4 sounding like 2/4). Hook: ‘he-mi-o-la’ – hands play three, feet feel two.
赫米奥拉 (Hemiola): 三拍子的两小节听上去像二拍子的三小节，造成节拍交错感。记忆法：手上打三拍，脚上感二拍。
Dotted rhythm: A note followed by a dot lengthens it by half its value, creating a skipping, jerky feel. Hook: ‘dot = jump’ – a dotted note makes the rhythm jump.
附点节奏 (Dotted rhythm): 符点将音符时值延长一半，产生跳跃、顿挫感。记忆法：点等于跳——附点让节奏跳跃起来。
Triplet: Three notes played evenly in the time of two. Hook: ‘trip-let’ – three little trips squeezed into the space of two.
三连音 (Triplet): 在原本两个音符的时值内均匀奏出三个音。记忆法：‘trip-let’——三个小步挤进两步的空间。
Anacrusis (upbeat/pick-up): An incomplete bar at the start of a phrase, leading into the first downbeat. Hook: think ‘an-a-crusis’ as an ‘announcement’ before the main event.
弱起 (Anacrusis): 乐句开始前不完整的小节，导向第一个强拍。记忆法：像是大事件前的一声‘宣告’。
6. Dynamics & Articulation | 力度与演奏法
Sforzando (sfz): A sudden strong accent on a single note or chord. Hook: ‘sforzando’ sounds like ‘force-ando’ – you force the tone.
突强 (Sforzando): 在单个音或和弦上突然加重。记忆法：‘sforzando’ 听起来像 ‘force-ando’——用力‘砸’出声音。
Staccato: Short, detached notes, often indicated by a dot above or below the notehead. Hook: ‘staccato’ = ‘stack of short notes’, crisp like popping popcorn.
断奏 (Staccato): 短促、分离的音符，符头上下带圆点。记忆法：‘staccato’ 想象成堆叠的短音，像爆米花清脆爆开。
Legato: Smooth, connected notes, often shown with a slur. Hook: ‘legato’ = ‘legally bound’ – notes are smoothly bound together.
连奏 (Legato): 连贯平滑的音符，常以连线标示。记忆法：‘legato’ 联想 ‘ligament’（韧带），音符如韧带般平滑连接。
Tenuto: Hold the note for its full value, sometimes with a slight emphasis. Indicated by a horizontal dash. Hook: ‘tenuto’ = ‘tenacious’ – hold on to the note.
保持音 (Tenuto): 奏足音符时值，可稍加强调。以水平短横线标记。记忆法：‘tenuto’ 与 ‘tenacious’（顽强的）相似——紧紧抓住这个音不放。
Crescendo (cresc.): Gradually getting louder, often shown as a hairpin widening to the right. Hook: ‘crescendo’ = ‘growing’ – imagine a growing wave of sound.
渐强 (Crescendo): 音量逐渐加大，通常用往右扩大的发夹形标记。记忆法：‘crescendo’ 意为增长——像不断涌起的声浪。
7. Texture | 织体
Monophony: A single melodic line with no accompaniment. Everyone sings or plays the same notes. Hook: ‘mono’ = one, single phone line.
单声部织体 (Monophony): 单一的旋律线条，没有伴奏。所有人唱或奏相同的音。记忆法：‘mono’ 意为一个，一根单独的电话线。
Homophony (melody & accompaniment): A clear melody supported by chordal accompaniment. The most common texture in pop songs
Published by TutorHao | Year 12 音乐 Revision Series | aleveler.com
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