Year 13 CCEA English Literature: Literary Terms Quick Revision Guide | Year 13 CCEA 英语文学：文学术语速记指南

📚 Year 13 CCEA English Literature: Literary Terms Quick Revision Guide | Year 13 CCEA 英语文学：文学术语速记指南

Mastering literary terminology is essential for success in CCEA A Level English Literature. This quick revision guide covers the key terms you need to analyse prose, poetry, and drama effectively, organised into clear categories to help you memorise and apply them with confidence.

掌握文学术语对于在 CCEA A-Level 英语文学考试中取得成功至关重要。本速记指南涵盖分析散文、诗歌和戏剧所需的关键术语，按类别清晰编排，助你记忆并自信运用。

1. Narrative and Plot | 叙事与情节

Plot: The organised sequence of events in a narrative, typically structured around conflict and comprising exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and denouement (resolution).

情节：叙事中事件的有序序列，通常围绕冲突构建，包含开端、发展、高潮、结局和尾声（收场）。

Foreshadowing: A literary device in which the writer gives an advance hint of what is to come later in the story, creating suspense or adding thematic weight.

伏笔：作者提前暗示故事后续发展的文学手法，制造悬念或增强主题分量。

In medias res: A narrative technique that begins the story in the middle of the action, often with crucial events already in progress, then uses flashbacks to fill in earlier details.

中间切入：一种从事件中段开始叙事的技巧，通常关键情节已经展开，再通过倒叙补充之前的内容。

Flashback: An interruption of the chronological sequence to present events that took place before the current time in the narrative, often used to reveal backstory or character motivation.

倒叙：打断时间顺序，展现叙事当前时间之前发生的事件，常用于揭示背景故事或人物动机。

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2. Characterisation | 人物塑造

Direct characterisation: When the narrator explicitly tells the reader about a character’s personality, background, or motivations, often through descriptive adjectives or statements.

直接刻画：叙述者明确告诉读者人物性格、背景或动机，常使用描述性形容词或陈述。

Indirect characterisation: When the writer shows a character’s traits through their actions, speech, thoughts, appearance, and interactions with others, leaving the reader to infer meaning.

间接刻画：作者通过人物的行为、言语、思想、外貌及与他人的互动来展现个性，让读者自己推断。

Protagonist: The central character who drives the action and with whom the audience is generally meant to sympathise, though not necessarily a hero.

主人公：推动情节发展的中心人物，观众通常应与其产生共鸣，但不一定是传统英雄。

Antagonist: The character or force that opposes the protagonist, creating the central conflict; may be a person, society, nature, or an internal struggle.

反面人物：与主人公对立的角色或力量，制造核心冲突；可以是一个人、社会、自然或内心斗争。

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3. Setting and Atmosphere | 设定与氛围

Setting: The time, place, and social environment in which the narrative occurs. It encompasses geographical location, historical period, time of day, and cultural context.

设定：叙事发生的时间、地点和社会环境，包括地理位置、历史时期、一天中的时刻以及文化语境。

Atmosphere: The emotional mood or feeling that pervades a literary work, often established through descriptions of setting, word choice, and rhythm.

氛围：弥漫于文学作品中的情绪基调或感受，常通过设定描写、词语选择和节奏来营造。

Pathetic fallacy: The attribution of human emotions or traits to nature or inanimate objects, frequently employed to reflect or underscore a character’s inner state.

感情误置：将人类情感或特征赋予自然界或无生物，常用来反映或突显人物的内心状态。

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4. Figurative Language | 比喻语言

Simile: A direct comparison between two unlike things using connective words such as “like” or “as”, to highlight a shared quality and create vivid imagery.

明喻：用 “像” 或 “如” 等连接词直接比较两个不同事物，以突出共同特质并营造生动意象。

Metaphor: A figure of speech that implies a comparison by stating one thing is another, without using “like” or “as”, often to convey deeper meaning or evoke emotion.

隐喻：一种修辞手法，通过声称一事物是另一事物来暗示比较，不用 “像” 或 “如”，往往传达更深层意义或激发情感。

Personification: The endowment of inanimate objects, animals, or abstract ideas with human characteristics, emotions, or actions, making them relatable or symbolic.

拟人：赋予无生命物体、动物或抽象概念以人类特征、情感或行为，使其具象化或带有象征意味。

Hyperbole: Deliberate and obvious exaggeration used for emphasis, comic effect, or to convey intense emotion, not meant to be taken literally.

夸张：有意且明显的夸大，用于强调、制造喜剧效果或传达强烈情感，并不指字面事实。

Oxymoron: A figure of speech that combines two apparently contradictory terms side by side, such as “deafening silence”, to create a paradoxical effect.

矛盾修饰：将两个明显矛盾的词语并列的修辞手法，如 “震耳欲聋的寂静”，产生一种矛盾而深刻的效果。

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5. Sound Devices and Poetic Techniques | 声音手法与诗歌技巧

Alliteration: The repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginnings of closely connected words, used to create rhythm, mood, or emphasis.

头韵：在紧接相连的单词开头重复相同的辅音音素，用以营造节奏、情调或加强语气。

Assonance: The repetition of vowel sounds within words that are close together, contributing to the musical quality of a line without full rhyme.

准押韵：在相邻词语中重复元音音素，不构成完全押韵，却赋予诗行音乐般的质感。

Sibilance: A specific form of alliteration that repeats the “s” or “sh” sounds, often producing a hissing effect that can evoke tension, menace, or calm.

咝音：头韵的一种特殊形式，重复 “s” 或 “sh” 音，常产生咝咝声效果，能唤起紧张、威胁或静谧之感。

Onomatopoeia: A word whose sound imitates or suggests its meaning, such as “buzz”, “hiss”, or “clang”, enhancing sensory engagement.

拟声：词的发音模仿或暗示其含义，如 “嗡嗡” 、”嘶嘶” 或 “铿锵”，增强感官体验。

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6. Metre and Form | 格律与诗体

Iambic pentameter: A common metre in English poetry consisting of five “iambs” per line; an iamb is a metrical foot with an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable (˘ ˉ).

抑扬格五音步：英诗中常见的格律，每行包含五个 “抑扬格”；抑扬格由一个弱读音节和一个重读音节组成（˘ ˉ）。

Blank verse: Unrhymed iambic pentameter, frequently used by Shakespeare and Milton; it mimics natural speech rhythm while maintaining a formal structure.

无韵诗：不押韵的抑扬格五音步，莎士比亚和弥尔顿常用；它模仿日常说话节奏，同时保持形式上的规整。

Enjambment: The continuation of a sentence or clause beyond the end of a line, couplet, or stanza without a pause, creating momentum and often reinforcing meaning.

跨行连续：句子或分句跨越一行、一联或一节末尾而不停顿，产生冲力，往往强化语义。

Caesura: A deliberate pause or break within a line of poetry, often marked by punctuation, used to disrupt rhythm and draw attention to particular words or ideas.

句中停顿：诗行内部有意的停顿或中断，常以标点标示，用来打破节奏并突显某些词语或思想。

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7. Dramatic Techniques and Dialogue | 戏剧手法与对话

Soliloquy: A speech in which a character, alone on stage, reveals their innermost thoughts and feelings directly to the audience, as if thinking aloud.

独白：角色独自在舞台上将内心深处的思想和情感直接向观众吐露的台词，如同自言自语。

Aside: A brief remark delivered by a character directly to the audience, unheard by other characters on stage, used to disclose private reactions or intentions.

旁白：角色直接对观众说的简短话语，台上其他角色听不见，用于透露私下反应或意图。

Dramatic irony: A situation in which the audience possesses knowledge that characters do not, creating tension, humour, or tragic anticipation as events unfold.

戏剧性反讽：观众知道而角色不知道的情境，随着事件展开制造紧张、幽默或悲剧性预期。

Stage directions: Instructions in the text of a play, usually in italics or brackets, indicating movement, gesture, tone, lighting, or setting; they guide performance and analysis.

舞台说明：剧本中的指示，通常采用斜体或括号，标明动作、手势、语气、灯光或布景，指导表演与分析。

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8. Tone, Mood and Irony | 语气、情调与反讽

Tone: The author’s attitude toward the subject or audience, conveyed through diction, syntax, and figurative language; it can be playful, solemn, sarcastic, etc.

语气：作者对主题或读者所持的态度，通过措辞、句法和修辞语言传达；可戏谑、庄重、讽刺等。

Verbal irony: A statement in which the intended meaning is opposite to the literal meaning, often used for sarcasm or humorous effect.

言辞反讽：言辞的意图含义与字面意思相反，常用于挖苦或幽默效果。

Situational irony: An outcome that turns out to be very different from what was expected, sometimes coincidental but often emphasizing the gap between appearance and reality.

情境反讽：结果与预期大相径庭，有时出于巧合，但往往突显表象与现实之间的差距。

Satire: The use of humour, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticise folly, vice, or societal shortcomings, usually with the aim of reform.

讽刺：运用幽默、反讽、夸张或嘲笑来揭露并批评愚蠢、恶习或社会弊病，通常意在促使改进。

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9. Themes, Motifs and Symbols | 主题、母题与象征

Theme: The central idea or underlying message of a literary work, often dealing with universal human concerns such as love, power, justice, or identity.

主题：文学作品的中心思想或深层寓意，常涉及爱、权力、正义或身份等普遍的人类关切。

Motif: A recurring element, image, phrase, or situation that helps to develop a theme and unify the work through repetition and variation.

母题：反复出现的元素、意象、短语或场景，通过重复与变化帮助深化主题并统一作品结构。

Symbol: A person, object, action, or place that stands for something beyond its literal meaning, often carrying multiple layers of significance.

象征：超越字面意义的一个人、物、动作或地点，往往承载多层次意涵。

Allegory: A narrative in which characters, events, and settings represent abstract ideas or moral qualities, conveying a secondary, often political or ethical, message.

寓言：角色、事件和背景均代表抽象概念或道德品性的叙事，传达第二层、常为政治或伦理的信息。

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10. Critical Approaches and Terminology | 批评方法与术语

Feminist criticism: An approach that examines how literature reinforces or challenges the economic, political, social, and psychological oppression of women, focusing on gender roles and power structures.

女性主义批评：审视文学如何强化或挑战对女性的经济、政治、社会和心理压迫，聚焦性别角色与权力结构。

Marxist criticism: A lens that analyses texts in terms of class struggle, economic systems, and ideological control, often revealing how power and wealth shape human relationships and culture.

马克思主义批评：以阶级斗争、经济制度和意识形态控制为切入点的分析方法，常揭示权力与财富如何塑造人际关系和文化。

Psychoanalytic criticism: Influenced by Freudian theory, this approach explores the unconscious desires, anxieties, and conflicts expressed in literature, through symbols, dreams, and character behaviour.

精神分析批评：受弗洛伊德理论影响，探讨文学中通过象征、梦境和人物行为表现的无意识欲望、焦虑与冲突。

Postcolonial criticism: A perspective that investigates the legacy of colonialism and imperialism in texts, addressing identity, race, hybridity, and the voices of the marginalised or silenced.

后殖民批评：考察文本中殖民主义和帝国主义的遗产，探讨身份、种族、混杂性以及被边缘化或消声群体的声音。

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