Year 13 Edexcel Computer Science: Core Knowledge Revision | Year 13 Edexcel 计算机：核心知识点梳理

📚 Year 13 Edexcel Computer Science: Core Knowledge Revision | Year 13 Edexcel 计算机：核心知识点梳理

As you progress through Year 13 Edexcel Computer Science, consolidating core concepts is essential for exam success. This revision guide breaks down key A2 topics, including object-oriented programming, recursion, data structures, algorithm analysis, databases, networking, and theoretical computing models. Each section offers clear explanations paired with Chinese translations to reinforce your bilingual understanding and help you master the specification.

在 Year 13 Edexcel 计算机科学的学习中，巩固核心概念对考试成功至关重要。本复习指南分解了 A2 阶段的关键主题，包括面向对象编程、递归、数据结构、算法分析、数据库、网络和理论计算模型。每个部分提供清晰的解释并配以中文翻译，以加强你的双语理解，帮助你掌握考纲。

1. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) | 面向对象编程

OOP revolves around classes and objects. A class is a blueprint that defines attributes and methods; an object is an instance of a class. You must understand how to define classes and create objects in code, typically using Python or Java as per your school’s choice.

面向对象编程围绕类与对象展开。类是定义属性和方法的蓝图；对象是类的实例。你必须理解如何在代码中定义类并创建对象，通常根据学校选择使用 Python 或 Java。

Encapsulation means bundling data (attributes) and methods that operate on the data within one unit, and restricting direct access to some of an object’s components. This is often implemented using private attributes and public getter/setter methods.

封装指的是将数据（属性）和操作这些数据的方法捆绑在一个单元内，并限制对对象某些组件的直接访问。这通常通过私有属性和公共的 getter/setter 方法实现。

Inheritance allows a child class to derive the characteristics of a parent class, enabling code reuse and the creation of hierarchical relationships. Edexcel expects you to demonstrate inheritance using keywords like extends (Java) or class Child(Parent) (Python).

继承允许子类从父类派生出特征，从而实现代码复用并建立层次关系。Edexcel 期望你使用 extends（Java）或 class Child(Parent)（Python）等关键字来展示继承。

Polymorphism gives different classes the ability to respond to the same

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