WJEC Year 13 PE: Vocabulary & Terminology Memory Hacks | WJEC 13年级体育：词汇术语速记指南

📚 WJEC Year 13 PE: Vocabulary & Terminology Memory Hacks | WJEC 13年级体育：词汇术语速记指南

Mastering the extensive vocabulary in WJEC Year 13 Physical Education can feel overwhelming, but with the right memory hooks you can anchor each term firmly in your mind. This guide pairs every key term with a simple mnemonic, visual cue, or acronym to make revision faster and more effective. Work through each section and test yourself by recalling the memory aid before checking the definition.

掌握 WJEC 13 年级体育课程中大量的词汇可能会让人感到不知所措，但借助合适的记忆挂钩，你可以将每个术语牢牢固定在脑海中。本指南为每个关键术语搭配了一个简单的助记符、视觉提示或首字母缩写，使复习更快捷、更有效。通读每个部分，在确认定义之前，先通过回忆助记符来自我检测。

1. Cardiovascular & Respiratory Terminology | 心血管与呼吸术语

Cardiac output (Q) is the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute, calculated as stroke volume (SV) × heart rate (HR). To memorise this, picture a Queen (Q) vigorously pumping blood with every heartbeat: Q = SV × HR.

心输出量 (Q) 是心脏每分钟泵出的血量，计算公式为每搏输出量 (SV) × 心率 (HR)。为了记忆，可以想象一位女王 (Queen) 随着每次心跳有力地泵出血液：Q = SV × HR。

The arteriovenous oxygen difference (a-vO₂ diff) represents how much oxygen is extracted by muscles from the blood. Think of the letter ‘a’ turning into ‘v’ as oxygen is unloaded – the greater the difference, the more oxygen the muscles are using.

动静脉氧差 (a-vO₂ diff) 表示肌肉从血液中提取了多少氧气。可以想象字母“a”变成“v”的过程就象征着氧气被卸载——差值越大，肌肉利用的氧气越多。

Minute ventilation (VE) is the total air breathed in and out per minute, calculated as tidal volume (TV) × breathing frequency (f). Visualise a giant fan labelled ‘VE’ that multiplies the size of each breath by its speed.

每分通气量 (VE) 是每分钟吸入和呼出的空气总量，计算公式为潮气量 (TV) × 呼吸频率 (f)。想象一台标有“VE”的巨大风扇，它将每次呼吸的量与呼吸速度相乘。

2. Biomechanics: Laws of Motion | 生物力学：运动定律

Newton’s First Law (inertia): a body remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted on by an external force. The memory hack is ‘lazy body’ – an object wants to keep doing what it is already doing.

牛顿第一定律 (惯性定律)：除非受到外力作用，否则物体将保持静止或匀速直线运动。记忆口诀是“懒惰的身体”——物体希望继续保持它正在做的事情。

Impulse = force × time. Impulse changes momentum. Link the idea to a quick, sharp ‘impulse’ push that you can feel when you kick a ball – the longer you apply force, the greater the impulse.

冲量 = 力 × 时间。冲量改变动量。将这个概念与你踢球时感受到的迅速而尖锐的“冲量”推力联系起来——施加力的时间越长，冲量越大。

Angular momentum is the quantity of rotation, conserved when no external torque acts. Memorise it as the spinning ice-skater: arms in increases angular velocity because momentum stays constant.

角动量 是旋转的度量，当没有外力矩作用时守恒。将其记忆为旋转的花样滑冰运动员：手臂收紧时角速度增加，因为动量保持恒定。

3. Sports Psychology Essentials | 运动心理学要点

The inverted-U theory says performance improves with arousal up to an optimum point, then declines. Draw an upside-down U in your mind and write ‘best performance’ at the peak.

倒U型理论 指出，表现在唤醒水平达到最佳点之前会提升，之后则会下降。在脑海中画一个倒置的U，并在其顶点写上“最佳表现”。

Self-efficacy is Bandura’s term for situation-specific confidence. Use the acronym PEP-V: Performance accomplishments, Vicarious experience, Emotional arousal, Verbal persuasion – the four building blocks of belief.

自我效能 是班杜拉用来描述情境性自信的术语。使用首字母缩写 PEP-V：表现成就 (Performance accomplishments)、替代经验 (Vicarious experience)、情绪唤醒 (Emotional arousal)、言语劝说 (Verbal persuasion)——这四种信念的基石。

Under high stress, attentional narrowing causes athletes to miss peripheral cues. Picture blinkers on a horse: the more anxious you become, the narrower your focus gets.

在高压力下，注意狭窄化 会导致运动员忽略外围线索。想象给马戴上的眼罩：你越焦虑，注意力就越狭窄。

4. Skill Acquisition: Types & Stages | 技能获取：类型与阶段

Open skills are affected by a changing environment (e.g., a pass in football). ‘Open the door’ reminds you that the environment is variable and unpredictable.

开放式技能 受不断变化的环境影响（例如足球中的传球）。“打开门”提醒你这个环境是可变且不可预测的。

Closed skills take place in a stable, predictable environment (e.g., a free throw in basketball). Think of a closed room where nothing changes.

封闭式技能 发生在一个稳定、可预测的环境中（例如篮球罚球）。想象一个关闭的房间，里面一切不变。

The three stages of learning are Cognitive, Associative and Autonomous. Remember the abbreviation CAA: the Cognitive stage is full of errors (clumsy), the Associative stage links movements (practice), and the Autonomous stage is Automatic.

三个学习阶段 是认知阶段、联系阶段和自主阶段。记住缩写 CAA：认知阶段 (Cognitive) 错误百出（笨拙），联系阶段 (Associative) 连接动作（练习），自主阶段 (Autonomous) 成为自动。

Positive transfer helps performance, negative transfer hinders it, and bilateral transfer moves a skill from one limb to the other. Picture a three-sided signpost: + (good), – (bad), ↔ (side to side).

正迁移 促进表现，负迁移 妨碍表现，双侧迁移 将技能从一肢体转移到另一肢体。想象一个三面路标：+（好）、-（坏）、↔（左右）。

5. Sport & Society Key Terms | 体育与社会关键词

Socialisation is the process by which individuals learn the norms and values of a society through sport. Use the phrase ‘society in action’ to link socialisation to sport.

社会化 是个体通过体育学习社会规范和价值观的过程。使用短语“社会在行动”将社会化与体育联系起来。

The golden triangle of commercialisation connects sport, media, and sponsorship. Visualise a triangle with money (sponsorship), camera (media), and a ball (sport) at each corner.

商业化的黄金三角将体育、媒体和赞助连接起来。想象一个三角形，三个角分别放着钱（赞助）、摄像机（媒体）和球（体育）。

Deviance in sport refers to behaviour that breaks the rules or ethical codes, such as doping. Link it to the word ‘deviate’ – stepping off the fair path.

体育中的越轨行为 指违反规则或道德准则的行为，例如兴奋剂。将其与“偏离”一词联系起来——偏离公正之路。

6. Data Handling & Statistics | 数据处理与统计

Validity asks whether you measured what you intended to measure, reliability means consistency of results, and objectivity means freedom from bias. Use the acronym VRO (like ‘very reliable objective’) to lock in the three concepts.

效度 询问你是否测量了你想测量的内容，信度 指结果的一致性，客观性 指无偏倚。使用首字母缩写 VRO（类似于“非常可靠客观”）来记住这三个概念。

Standard deviation measures the spread of data around the mean. A small SD means data points are clustered; a large SD means they are widely spread. Picture a dartboard: all darts close together = small SD.

标准差 衡量数据围绕平均值的分散程度。标准差小表示数据点聚集在一起；标准差大表示它们广泛分布。想象一个飞镖靶：所有飞镖都靠得很近 = 标准差小。

7. Principles of Training & Programming | 训练原则与计划

Periodisation divides training into cycles: macrocycle (year), mesocycle (month), and microcycle (week). Think of a calendar zooming out from weeks (micro) to months (meso) to the whole year (macro).

周期化 将训练划分为多个周期：大周期（年）、中周期（月）和小周期（周）。想象一个日历，从周（微）到月（中）再放大到整年（大）。

The FITT principle stands for Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type. Remind yourself that ‘FITT’ is the key that fits your training programme together.

FITT 原则 代表频率 (Frequency)、强度 (Intensity)、时间 (Time) 和类型 (Type)。提醒自己“FITT”就是那把能拼合你训练计划的钥匙。

Plyometrics involves rapid stretching and contracting of muscles (e.g., box jumps) to use the stretch-shortening cycle. Say ‘plyo = plywood, springy and explosive’ to recall the fast rebound action.

快速伸缩复合训练 涉及肌肉的快速拉伸与收缩（例如跳箱），利用牵张-缩短循环。说“plyo = 胶合板，有弹性和爆发力”来记住这种快速的反弹动作。

8. Nutrition & Energy Systems | 营养与能量系统

Carbohydrate loading is a strategy to maximise glycogen stores before endurance events. Imagine filling a car’s petrol tank right to the top, and that tank is labelled ‘glycogen’.

碳水化合物加载 是一种在耐力比赛前最大化糖原储备的策略。想象将汽车的油箱加满到顶部，而那个油箱上贴着“糖原”的标签。

VO₂ max is the maximum volume of oxygen the body can use per minute, a key indicator of aerobic fitness. Think of a V-shaped funnel pulling in O₂ to your muscles at maximum effort.

最大摄氧量 (VO₂ max) 是身体每分钟所能利用的最大氧气体积，是有氧适能的关键指标。想象一个 V 形漏斗以最大努力将 O₂ 输入你的肌肉。

EPOC (excess post-exercise oxygen consumption) explains why you breathe heavily after intense exercise. Remember ‘Extra Puffs of Oxygen Continue’ as your body repays the oxygen debt.

EPOC（运动后过量氧耗）解释了为什么你在剧烈运动后会大口喘气。记住“Extra Puffs of Oxygen Continue”（额外的氧气大口持续）来描述身体偿还氧债的过程。

9. Injury & Recovery | 损伤与恢复

The RICE protocol (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) treats soft tissue injuries. Visualise a plate of rice, where each grain stands for a step: resting, icing, compressing, elevating.

RICE 原则（休息、冰敷、加压、抬高）用于处理软组织损伤。想象一盘米饭，每一粒米都代表一个步骤：休息、冰敷、加压、抬高。

DOMS (delayed onset muscle soreness) is the pain felt 24-48 hours after unaccustomed exercise. Link DOMS to ‘dormant soreness’ that wakes up a day later.

DOMS（延迟性肌肉酸痛）是在不习惯的运动后 24-48 小时出现的疼痛。将 DOMS 与“休眠的酸痛”联系起来，这种酸痛一天后才会醒来。

Proprioception is the body’s ability to sense its position in space. Think of a ‘pro-pilot’ who always knows the plane’s position without looking at instruments – that is your inner proprioception.

本体感觉 是身体感知自身空间位置的能力。想象一位“专业飞行员”，无需看仪表就知道飞机的位置——这就是你的本体感觉。

10. Technology in Sport | 体育科技

Force plates measure ground reaction forces during jumps, sprints and landings. Visualise a metal plate shouting ‘force!’ every time you land on it, capturing data for analysis.

测力台 测量跳跃、冲刺和落地时的地面反作用力。想象一块金属板在你每次落在上面时大喊“力！”，以便捕捉数据用于分析。

EMG (electromyography) records the electrical activity of muscles. Use ‘Electric Muscle Graph’ as a simple way to decode the acronym.

EMG（肌电图）记录肌肉的电活动。用“Electric Muscle Graph”（肌肉电图）这个短语来简单破译这个缩写。

GPS tracking monitors an athlete’s position, speed and distance covered. Picture a tiny satellite whispering ‘GPS’ above a football pitch, drawing live heat maps of player movement.

GPS 跟踪 监测运动员的位置、速度和跑动距离。想象一颗小卫星在足球场上空低语着“GPS”，实时绘制出球员跑动的热力图。

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Published by TutorHao | PE Revision Series | aleveler.com

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