📚 Year 13 Cambridge Physical Education: Vocabulary Terminology Quick-Memorization Guide | Year 13 剑桥体育：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering the extensive terminology in Year 13 Cambridge Physical Education can feel overwhelming. This guide breaks down high-frequency terms across all syllabus topics, pairing each with straightforward definitions and memory hacks. Use these bilingual explanations and mnemonics to speed up your revision and boost exam confidence.
掌握 Year 13 剑桥体育课程中大量的术语可能会让人望而生畏。本指南将各单元高频词汇拆解，为每个术语配以简单易懂的定义和记忆技巧。利用这些双语解释和助记方法，可以加速你的复习过程，提升考试信心。
1. Key Terms in Exercise Physiology | 运动生理学核心术语
Exercise physiology terms often centre on energy systems and cardiorespiratory responses. Linking each term to a vivid image or acronym helps retention. For example, think of VO2 max as the body’s ‘engine capacity’.
运动生理学术语通常围绕能量系统和心肺反应。将每个术语与生动的图像或首字母缩略词联系起来有助于记忆。比如，把最大摄氧量想象成身体的 ‘发动机排量’。
VO2 max – the maximum volume of oxygen the body can utilise per minute per kilogram of body weight during intense exercise. Mnemonic: Very Oxygen-demanding 2 Maximum.
最大摄氧量 (VO2 max) – 在高强度运动中，身体每分钟每公斤体重所能利用的最大氧气量。助记：VO2 → Very Oxygen-demanding 2 Maximum。
Lactate threshold – the exercise intensity at which lactate begins to accumulate in the blood faster than it can be removed. Think ‘Lactate = Lactic acid Tipping point’.
乳酸阈 – 运动强度达到乳酸开始在血液中堆积的速度超过清除速度的那个点。联想 ‘乳酸 = 乳酸堆积的临界点’。
Cardiac output (Q) – the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute, calculated as stroke volume × heart rate. Remember Q = SV × HR, like ‘Quality = Supply times Heart Rate’.
心输出量 (Q) – 心脏每分钟泵出的血量，计算为每搏输出量 × 心率。记忆：Q = SV × HR，如同 ‘质量 = 供给 × 心率’。
Slow-twitch (Type I) fibres – muscle fibres suited to endurance, with high oxidative capacity. Visualise a slow snail (Type I = 1) moving steadily.
慢肌纤维 (I 型) – 适合耐力的肌纤维，氧化能力强。想象一只蜗牛缓慢稳步前行 (I 型 = 1)。
| Term | Quick Mnemonic |
|---|---|
| VO2 max | Very Oxygen-demanding 2 Maximum |
| Lactate threshold | Lactic acid Tipping point |
| Cardiac output | Q = SV × HR (Quality = Supply × Heart Rate) |
2. Skill Acquisition Vocabulary | 技能习得词汇
Skill acquisition terms often relate to learning stages and information processing. A helpful approach is to link each stage to a real-life sporting example, such as a tennis serve or a gymnastics routine.
技能习得术语通常与学习阶段和信息处理有关。一个有效的方法是将每个阶段与真实的运动实例联系起来，比如网球发球或体操成套动作。
Reaction time – the time from the presentation of a stimulus to the onset of movement. Imagine a starting pistol and the sprinter beginning to move – the gap is reaction time.
反应时 – 从刺激出现到动作开始的时间。想象发令枪响到短跑运动员开始移动 – 这段间隔就是反应时。
Schema theory – suggests that motor programmes are stored as generalised rules rather than specific instructions. Think of a ‘schema’ as a memory framework, like a recipe you can adapt.
图式理论 – 认为运动程序以概括性规则而非特定指令储存。将 ‘图式’ 想成记忆框架，就像可以调整的菜谱。
Motor programme – a set of pre-structured commands that, when initiated, result in the production of a coordinated movement sequence. A ‘motor programme’ is like a pre-recorded dance routine.
运动程序 – 一套预设指令，一旦启动便能产生协调的动作序列。’运动程序’ 就像预录的舞蹈套路。
Whole-part-whole practice – a teaching method where the skill is first attempted in full, then broken down into parts, then integrated again. Useful for complex skills like diving.
整体-分解-整体练习法 – 先尝试完整技能，再分解成部分，最后重新整合的教学方法。适用于跳水等复杂技能。
3. Sport Psychology Essentials | 运动心理学要点
Psychological factors significantly influence performance. Terms like arousal, anxiety, and self-efficacy appear frequently. Use the ‘inverted-U hypothesis’ as a central organising image.
心理因素对运动表现影响巨大。唤醒、焦虑、自我效能等术语经常出现。用 ‘倒U型假说’ 作为核心组织图像。
Arousal – the state of physiological and psychological activation, ranging from deep sleep to intense excitement. Imagine a car engine revving – optimal arousal is mid-range, not stalling or redlining.
唤醒 – 从深度睡眠到极度兴奋的生理和心理激活状态。想象汽车引擎转速 – 最佳唤醒在中等范围，既不死火也不超转。
Anxiety – a negative emotional state with feelings of worry and increased physiological activation. Split into cognitive anxiety (thoughts) and somatic anxiety (body sensations).
焦虑 – 伴随担忧和生理激活增强的消极情绪状态，分为认知焦虑 (思维层面) 和躯体焦虑 (身体感受)。
Self-efficacy – belief in one’s own ability to successfully perform a specific task. Remind yourself: ‘Self-efficacy = Specific confidence’.
自我效能 – 对自己成功完成特定任务的能力的信念。提醒自己：’自我效能 = 具体情境的自信心’。
Performance = f(arousal) following an inverted-U shape for simple tasks
简单任务中，表现 = f(唤醒) 呈倒U型曲线
4. Biomechanics Terminology | 生物力学术语
Biomechanics uses physics to analyse movement. Key terms involve forces, levers, and Newton’s laws. Visualising a lever system in the body – like the arm – can ground these concepts.
生物力学用物理学分析动作。关键术语涉及力、杠杆和牛顿定律。将身体中的杠杆系统视觉化 – 比如手臂 – 能让这些概念具体化。
Angular momentum – the quantity of rotation of a body, product of moment of inertia and angular velocity. A spinning ice skater controls angular momentum by pulling arms in.
角动量 – 身体旋转的量，是转动惯量与角速度的乘积。旋转的花样滑冰运动员通过收回手臂控制角动量。
Centre of mass – the point at which the body’s mass is equally distributed. For a standing human, it is roughly in the lower abdomen.
重心 – 身体质量均匀分布的点。站立时，大致位于下腹部。
Newton’s third law – every action has an equal and opposite reaction. Sprinters push back on the starting blocks; the blocks push them forward.
牛顿第三定律 – 作用力与反作用力大小相等、方向相反。短跑运动员向后蹬起跑器；起跑器将他们向前推。
5. Sport and Society Vocabulary | 体育与社会词汇
This area explores how sport reflects and shapes culture. Terms such as social facilitation and group dynamics need careful definition. Relate them to team sports you enjoy.
该领域探讨体育如何反映和塑造文化。社会促进和团体动力学等术语需要仔细定义。将它们与你喜欢的团队运动联系起来。
Social facilitation – the effect of the presence of others on performance; can be positive (enhancement) or negative (inhibition). Think of a home crowd advantage vs. choking under pressure.
社会促进 – 他人在场对表现的影响；可以是正面 (促进) 或负面 (抑制)。想想主场观众优势 vs. 压力下发挥失常。
Group cohesion – the degree to which a group sticks together and remains united in pursuit of common goals. Task cohesion = working together; social cohesion = friendships.
团体凝聚力 – 团队团结一致、为共同目标奋斗的程度。任务凝聚力 = 协同工作；社交凝聚力 = 友谊。
Leadership – the behavioural process of influencing individuals and groups towards set goals. Autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire are key styles.
领导力 – 影响个体和群体朝向既定目标的行为过程。专制型、民主型和放任型是主要风格。
6. Health, Fitness and Well-being | 健康、体能与福祉
Terms here define components of fitness and their measurement. Using the acronym ‘ABCPR’ (Aerobic, Body comp, Coordination, Power, Reaction) can help recall health- and skill-related fitness.
这里术语定义了体能组成部分及其测量。使用首字母缩略词 ‘ABCPR’ 有助于回忆健康相关和技能相关体能。
Aerobic capacity – the ability of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems to supply oxygen to working muscles during sustained exercise. Related to VO2 max.
有氧能力 – 心血管和呼吸系统在持续运动中向工作肌肉供氧的能力。与最大摄氧量相关。
Flexibility – the range of movement available at a joint. Static flexibility is held; dynamic flexibility involves movement.
柔韧性 – 关节可用的活动范围。静态柔韧性是保持的；动态柔韧性涉及运动中。
Body composition – the proportion of fat, muscle, bone, and other tissues. Commonly assessed via skinfold calipers or bioelectrical impedance.
身体成分 – 脂肪、肌肉、骨骼及其他组织的比例。通常通过皮褶卡尺或生物电阻抗评估。
7. Training Principles and Methods | 训练原则与方法
Understanding overload, specificity, and reversibility is crucial. Use the acronym ‘SPORT’ – Specificity, Progression, Overload, Reversibility, Tedium – to memorise the training principles.
理解超负荷、专项性和可逆性至关重要。使用首字母缩略词 ‘SPORT’ – 专项性、渐进性、超负荷、可逆性、趣味性 – 来记忆训练原则。
Periodisation – the systematic planning of training into distinct cycles (macro, meso, micro) to peak at the right time. Imagine a yearly calendar with building phases.
周期化 – 将训练系统计划为不同周期 (大、中、小)，以便在适当时机达到高峰。想象一个有堆积阶段的年历。
Overload – training beyond the normal level to create physiological adaptation; must be increased gradually (FITT principle).
超负荷 – 超出正常水平的训练以产生生理适应；必须逐步增加 (FITT 原则)。
Reversibility – fitness gains are lost when training stops. ‘Use it or lose it’ – the detraining effect.
可逆性 – 停止训练会导致体能收益丧失。’用进废退’ – 停训效应。
8. Nutrition and Ergogenic Aids | 营养与促力手段
Dietary strategies and supplements are heavily examined. Group terms by macronutrient and common aids, and use real-food examples to make them stick.
饮食策略和补剂是考试重点。按照宏量营养素和常见辅助手段将术语分组，并用真实食物示例使其牢固。
Glycogen loading – a strategy to maximise muscle glycogen stores before endurance events; typically a depletion phase followed by a high-carb diet.
糖原负荷法 – 耐力赛前最大化肌糖原储备的策略；通常先耗竭再摄入高碳水饮食。
Creatine – a supplement that increases phosphocreatine stores, enhancing short-term high-intensity performance. Visualise the ‘Crea-tine = Creatine phosphate Time’ for explosive energy.
肌酸 – 增加磷酸肌酸储备的补剂，增强短期高强度表现。想象 ‘肌酸 = 磷酸肌酸爆发时刻’。
Ergogenic aid – any substance, device, or practice that enhances performance. From caffeine to altitude tents.
促力手段 – 任何提升表现的药物、设备或方法。从咖啡因到高原帐篷。
9. Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation | 运动损伤与康复
Key terms include common injuries and treatment protocols. The RICE acronym (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) is essential; expand it to PRICE (add Protection).
关键术语包括常见损伤和处理方案。RICE 原则 (休息、冰敷、加压、抬高) 是必须掌握的；可扩展为 PRICE (增加保护)。
Proprioception – the body’s ability to sense position, movement, and balance. Often retrained after ankle sprains using wobble boards.
本体感觉 – 身体感知位置、运动和平衡的能力。踝关节扭伤后常用平衡板进行再训练。
DOMS (Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness) – muscle pain and stiffness felt 24-72 hours after unaccustomed exercise. Remember ‘Delayed Onset Muscle = DOMS, you’ll Sore later’.
延迟性肌肉酸痛 (DOMS) – 不习惯运动后 24-72 小时出现的肌肉疼痛与僵硬。记住 ‘Delayed Onset Muscle = DOMS，稍后你会 Sore’。
10. Memory Tricks and Revision Techniques | 记忆窍门与复习技巧
Combine the above strategies with active recall methods. Flashcards, mind maps, and self-testing with dual-language prompts will strengthen your command of Cambridge PE terminology. The key is consistent, little-and-often revision.
将上述策略与主动回忆方法相结合。使用双语提示的闪卡、思维导图和自我检测，将加强你对剑桥体育术语的掌握。关键在于持续、少量多次的复习。
Acronym chains – eg. SPORT for training principles, RICE for injury, ABC for skill classification. Create your own chains for each unit.
首字母链 – 例如 SPORT 表示训练原则，RICE 表示损伤处理，ABC 表示技能分类。为每个单元创建自己的链条。
Dual coding – pair a diagram (e.g., muscle fibre types) with the English and Chinese term to activate both visual and linguistic memory.
双重编码 – 将图表 (如肌纤维类型) 与中英文术语配对，同时激活视觉和语言记忆。
Active recall – hide the definition side of your notes and test yourself before checking. The effort of retrieval strengthens long-term memory.
主动回忆 – 盖住笔记的定义部分，先自测再核实。提取信息的努力能加强长期记忆。
Published by TutorHao | Physical Education Revision Series | aleveler.com
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