Year 13 WJEC Accounting: Formula & Theorem Quick Reference Guide | WJEC会计公式定理速查手册

📚 Year 13 WJEC Accounting: Formula & Theorem Quick Reference Guide | WJEC会计公式定理速查手册

This quick reference guide compiles essential formulas, ratios, and theorems for Year 13 WJEC Accounting. Whether you are analysing financial statements, appraising investments, calculating variances, or valuing partnerships, these tools will support your revision and exam preparation. Each section is presented in both English and Chinese to help you master the concepts more effectively.

本速查手册整理了WJEC Year 13会计必备的公式、比率和定理。无论您是在分析财务报表、评估投资项目、计算差异还是处理合伙商誉，这些工具都将助力您的复习和备考。每个小节均提供中英双语说明，帮助您更高效地掌握核心考点。

1. Profitability Ratios | 盈利能力比率

Gross Profit Percentage = (Gross Profit ÷ Revenue) × 100%. It indicates how efficiently a business converts sales into gross profit and covers the cost of goods sold.

毛利率 = (毛利 ÷ 营业收入) × 100%。它表明企业将销售转化为毛利并覆盖销售成本的效率。

Net Profit Percentage = (Net Profit Before Tax ÷ Revenue) × 100%. This ratio reveals the overall profitability after all operating expenses, showing how much net profit is generated from each pound of revenue.

净利率 = (税前净利润 ÷ 营业收入) × 100%。该比率反映了扣除所有运营费用后的整体盈利能力，显示每英镑收入能创造多少净利润。

Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) = (Operating Profit ÷ Capital Employed) × 100%. Capital Employed is usually calculated as Total Assets − Current Liabilities or as Shareholders’ Equity + Non-current Liabilities.

资本运用回报率 (ROCE) = (营业利润 ÷ 运用资本) × 100%。运用资本通常按总资产减流动负债计算，或按股东权益加非流动负债计算。

Operating Profit Margin = (Operating Profit ÷ Revenue) × 100%. It measures profit from core operations before interest and taxation, indicating operational efficiency.

营业利润率 = (营业利润 ÷ 营业收入) × 100%。它衡量在扣除利息和税费前核心业务的利润水平，反映经营效率。

2. Liquidity Ratios | 流动性比率

Current Ratio = Current Assets ÷ Current Liabilities. A ratio above 1 suggests the business has sufficient short-term assets to cover its current obligations, though an excessively high ratio may indicate inefficient use of resources.

流动比率 = 流动资产 ÷ 流动负债。比率大于1表明企业有足够的短期资产偿还流动负债，但比率过高可能意味着资源使用效率低下。

Acid Test (Quick) Ratio = (Current Assets − Inventories) ÷ Current Liabilities. By excluding inventories, it provides a stricter measure of liquidity, as inventory may not be quickly converted into cash.

速动比率 = (流动资产 − 存货) ÷ 流动负债。剔除存货后，该比率提供了更严格的流动性衡量，因为存货不一定能迅速转换为现金。

3. Efficiency Ratios | 效率比率

Inventory Turnover (Times) = Cost of Sales ÷ Average Inventory. It shows how many times a business sells and replaces its inventory during a period; a higher turnover often indicates efficient stock management.

存货周转次数 = 销售成本 ÷ 平均存货。它显示企业在一个期间内售出并补充存货的次数；周转次数越高通常表明存货管理越高效。

Trade Receivables Days = (Trade Receivables ÷ Credit Sales) × 365. This measures the average number of days it takes to collect debts from customers; a lower figure suggests better credit control.

应收账款周转天数 = (应收账款 ÷ 赊销收入) × 365。这衡量从客户处收回债款的平均天数；天数越短说明信用控制越好。

Trade Payables Days = (Trade Payables ÷ Credit Purchases) × 365. It indicates the average time the business takes to pay its suppliers; lengthening payables days may improve cash flow but could strain supplier relationships.

应付账款周转天数 = (应付账款 ÷ 赊购金额) × 365。它表明企业支付供应商的平均时间；延长付款天数可以改善现金流，但可能影响供应商关系。

Asset Turnover = Revenue ÷ Net Assets (or Revenue ÷ Capital Employed). This ratio shows how effectively a business uses its assets to generate sales; a high turnover means assets are being used productively.

资产周转率 = 营业收入 ÷ 净资产（或营业收入 ÷ 运用资本）。该比率体现企业利用资产创造销售的效率；周转率高说明资产利用得好。

4. Investor Ratios | 投资比率

Earnings Per Share (EPS) = (Net Profit After Tax − Preference Dividends) ÷ Number of Ordinary Shares Issued. EPS measures the profit attributable to each ordinary share and is a key indicator of profitability for shareholders.

每股收益 (EPS) = (税后净利润 − 优先股股利) ÷ 已发行普通股股数。每股收益衡量归属于每一普通股的利润，是股东关注的重要盈利指标。

Price/Earnings Ratio (P/E) = Market Price per Share ÷ Earnings per Share. It reflects the market’s confidence in future growth; a high P/E suggests strong growth expectations.

市盈率 (P/E) = 每股市价 ÷ 每股收益。它反映市场对未来增长的信心；P/E高表明增长预期强劲。

Dividend Yield = (Dividend per Share ÷ Market Price per Share) × 100%. It shows the return from dividends relative to the current share price, helping income-focused investors compare returns.

股息率 = (每股股息 ÷ 每股市价) × 100%。它显示相对于当前股价的股息回报，帮助偏好收益的投资者比较回报。

Dividend Cover = Earnings per Share ÷ Dividend per Share. This ratio indicates how many times the company’s earnings can cover its dividend payments;

Published by TutorHao | Year 13 Accounting Revision Series | aleveler.com

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