AS CIE Music: Formula & Theorem Quick Reference | AS CIE 音乐：公式定理速查手册

📚 AS CIE Music: Formula & Theorem Quick Reference | AS CIE 音乐：公式定理速查手册

This quick reference guide compiles essential formulas, theorems, and structural rules for AS CIE Music (9703). From interval calculation to chord construction and cadences, these concise formulas will help you memorise core music theory concepts efficiently and apply them accurately in both written and listening examinations.

本速查手册汇编了 AS CIE 音乐 (9703) 考试所需的基本公式、定理和结构规则。从音程计算到和弦构建以及终止式，这些简洁的公式将帮助您高效记忆核心音乐理论概念，并在笔试和听力考试中准确运用。

1. Major Scale Formula | 大调音阶公式

The major scale is built using a fixed pattern of whole steps (tones, T) and half steps (semitones, S): T – T – S – T – T – T – S. This sequence produces the familiar sound of a major scale starting from any tonic note.

大调音阶采用固定的全音（T）与半音（S）模式构建：全 – 全 – 半 – 全 – 全 – 全 – 半。从任何主音开始遵循此序列即可得到标准的大调音阶。

For example, in C major the notes are C (T) D (T) E (S) F (T) G (T) A (T) B (S) C. The semitones occur naturally between E–F and B–C.

例如，C 大调的音符为 C – D – E – F – G – A – B – C，半音自然出现在 E–F 与 B–C 之间。

The degrees of the major scale have functional names and Roman numeral labels: tonic (I), supertonic (ii), mediant (iii), subdominant (IV), dominant (V), submediant (vi), leading note (vii°). The triads built on these degrees follow a predictable pattern: major, minor, minor, major, major, minor, diminished.

大调音阶级数有着功能名称和罗马数字标记：主音 (I)、上主音 (ii)、中音 (iii)、下属音 (IV)、属音 (V)、下中音 (vi)、导音 (vii°)。在这些音级上构建的三和弦遵循固定的性质规律：大三和弦、小三和弦、小三和弦、大三和弦、大三和弦、小三和弦、减三和弦。

2. Minor Scales: Natural, Harmonic, Melodic Formulas | 三种小调音阶公式

Natural minor (Aeolian mode) formula in tones and semitones: T – S – T – T – S – T – T. In A natural minor: A–B–C–D–E–F–G–A.

自然小调（爱奥利亚调式）的全半音公式：全 – 半 – 全 – 全 – 半 – 全 – 全。以 A 自然小调为例：A – B – C – D – E – F – G – A。

Harmonic minor raises the seventh degree by a semitone, creating an augmented 2nd between the sixth and seventh degrees. The formula in semitones: 2 – 1 – 2 – 2 – 1 – 3 – 1 (where 3 semitones = augmented 2nd). In A harmonic minor: A–B–C–D–E–F–G♯–A.

和声小调将第七级音升高半音，在六级与七级之间形成增二度。半音数公式为：2 – 1 – 2 – 2 – 1 – 3 – 1（3 个半音为增二度）。以 A 和声小调为例：A – B – C – D – E – F – G♯ – A。

Melodic minor ascending raises the sixth and seventh degrees by a semitone, producing a major-like upper tetrachord: T – S – T – T – T – T – S (or semitone pattern 2 – 1 – 2 – 2 – 2 – 2 – 1). The descending form reverts to natural minor.

旋律小调上行升高六级和七级音，形成类似大调的上方四音列：全 – 半 – 全 – 全 – 全 – 全 – 半（半音数模式 2 – 1 – 2 – 2 – 2 – 2 – 1）。下行则还原为自然小调。

3. Interval Identification Using Semitones | 半音音程识别公式

Intervals can be identified precisely by counting the number of semitones between two notes. The quality (perfect, major, minor, augmented, diminished) is then determined by the interval number and the semitone count.

音程可以通过计算两音之间的半音数来准确识别。音程的性质（纯、大、小、增、减）由度数以及对应的半音数量共同决定。