📚 AS WJEC Science: 2026 Exam Changes and Trends | AS WJEC 科学：2026年考试变化与趋势
The WJEC AS Science qualification is moving into its second year of the reformed specification, and the 2026 exam series will consolidate new expectations. This article breaks down the key shifts in assessment design, updated content emphases, practical endorsements and the trends most likely to shape student performance.
WJEC AS 科学资格考试正在进入改革后的第二年，2026 年的考试系列将巩固新的要求。本文拆解了评估设计的关键转变、更新的内容重点、实验认证以及最可能影响学生表现的趋势。
1. Understanding the WJEC AS Science Specification | 理解 WJEC AS 科学规格
The current WJEC AS Science (Single Award) specification started teaching in September 2023 and was first examined in 2025. It integrates biology, chemistry and physics in a single coherent qualification designed to develop broad scientific literacy.
当前的 WJEC AS 科学（单一证书）规格于 2023 年 9 月开始教学，并在 2025 年首次考试。它将生物、化学和物理整合在一个连贯的资格中，旨在培养广泛的科学素养。
Unlike the previous legacy specification, the reformed course places a stronger emphasis on how science works rather than on recall of isolated facts. The 2026 exams will reinforce this shift, with questions requiring students to connect concepts across the three disciplines.
与之前的旧版规格不同，改革后的课程更强调科学的运作方式，而非孤立的事实记忆。2026 年的考试将强化这一转变，题目要求学生将三个学科的概念联系起来。
Teachers should note that the prescribed practical activities remain a core part of the specification, and although they are separately endorsed, understanding the underlying methods and analysis is essential for the written papers.
教师应注意，规定的实验活动仍然是规格的核心部分，尽管它们是单独认证的，但理解基础方法和分析对笔试至关重要。
2. Shift Towards Application Skills | 转向应用技能
The 2026 papers will feature more context‑led questions, where students must apply scientific principles to unfamiliar scenarios. This trend reflects WJEC’s aim to assess transferable skills rather than rote learning.
2026 年的试卷将包含更多情境导向的题目，学生必须将科学原理应用于不熟悉的场景。这一趋势反映了 WJEC 旨在评估可迁移技能，而非机械记忆。
For example, a biology question may describe a novel enzyme extracted from a deep‑sea organism and ask candidates to predict its activity at different temperatures using their knowledge of denaturation and collision theory.
例如，一道生物题可能描述一种从深海生物中提取的新型酶，要求考生运用自己对变性和碰撞理论的认识，预测其在不同温度下的活性。
Similarly, chemistry items might embed stoichiometry in an industrial process, and physics problems could ask learners to suggest suitable materials for a wind turbine blade based on density and strength data. Such application‑driven items now account for over one‑third of the marks.
同样，化学题目可能将化学计量嵌入工业流程，物理题可能要求学习者根据密度与强度数据为风力涡轮叶片建议合适的材料。这类应用驱动型题目现在占三分之一以上的分数。
3. New Practical Assessment Approach | 新的实验评估方式
From the 2025 series onward, practical skills are assessed through a separate Endorsement reported alongside the A‑level grade. For 2026, WJEC has clarified that all 16 core practicals must be completed, and evidence of competency is recorded in a lab book.
从 2025 年系列考试开始，实验技能通过一个单独的认证进行评估，与 A‑level 成绩并列报告。对于 2026 年，WJEC 已明确必须完成全部 16 项核心实验，并且能力证据记录在实验手册中。
Even though the Practical Endorsement does not contribute to the raw mark, the written exam will contain dedicated questions that test students’ understanding of experimental design, sources of error and safety precautions.
尽管实验认证不计入原始分数，但笔试中将包含专门的题目，测试学生对实验设计、误差来源和安全预防措施的理解。
Typical tasks might involve suggesting improvements to a method for measuring the rate of reaction, or calculating the percentage uncertainty in a titration volume reading. Those who have genuinely engaged with hands‑on work will be better equipped to answer such items.
典型任务可能包括建议改进测量反应速率的方法，或计算滴定体积读数的百分比不确定度。那些真正动手参与实验的学生将更有能力回答此类题目。
4. Increased Emphasis on Data Analysis | 更注重数据分析
One of the most visible trends in the 2026 WJEC AS Science exams is the heavier weighting on Assessment Objective 3 (AO3), which covers analysis, interpretation and evaluation. AO3 now accounts for 30% of the total marks, up from around 20% in the previous specification.
2026 年 WJEC AS 科学考试中最显著的趋势之一，就是对评估目标 3（AO3）的权重加大，它涵盖分析、解释与评价。AO3 现在占总分的 30%，高于旧版规格中约 20% 的比例。
Students will need to interpret graphs, tables and diagrams with confidence. For instance, a physics question might present I‑V characteristics of a novel semiconductor and ask learners to deduce its resistance in different regions.
学生需要自信地解读图表、表格和示意图。例如，一道物理题可能给出新型半导体的 I‑V 特性，要求学习者推断在不同区域的电阻。
In chemistry, data‑response questions frequently link enthalpy changes to Gibb’s free‑energy calculations, requiring candidates to decide whether a reaction is feasible at a given temperature. Biology items regularly ask for statistical tests like chi‑squared to be chosen and interpreted from supplied data.
在化学中，数据回答题经常将焓变与吉布斯自由能计算联系起来，要求考生判断反应在给定温度下是否可行。生物题则经常要求根据提供的数据选择并解释卡方检验等统计检验。
5. Exam Paper Structure Changes | 试卷结构变化
The reformed WJEC AS Science qualification comprises two written papers: Unit 1 ‘Concepts in Science’ and Unit 2 ‘Applications of Science’. The table below summarises the current structure that will remain in place for 2026.
改革后的 WJEC AS 科学资格包含两份笔试：单元 1 “科学概念” 和单元 2 “科学应用”。下表总结了将持续到 2026 年的现行结构。
| Paper | Duration | Marks | Question types |
| Unit 1 | 1 hr 30 min | 80 | Structured, short‑answer, data‑response |
| Unit 2 | 1 hr 30 min | 80 | Structured, extended response, practical‑linked |
Notably, the inclusion of longer 6‑mark questions in Unit 2 is being maintained, and examiners report that these discriminate well. For 2026, a slight increase in application and evaluation prompts is expected within Unit 1 as well.
值得注意的是，单元 2 中包含较长的 6 分题将继续保留，考官报告认为这些题目区分度良好。对于 2026 年，预计单元 1 中也会稍微增加应用与评价的提示。
6. Content Updates in Biology Topics | 生物学主题内容更新
Biology content in WJEC AS Science has been refreshed to include contemporary topics such as gene technology, immunity and ecosystem management. Learners must now understand the principles of PCR and its applications in disease diagnosis.
WJEC AS 科学中的生物内容已更新，包括了基因技术、免疫和生态系统管理等当代主题。学习者现在必须理解 PCR 的原理及其在疾病诊断中的应用。
The specification also highlights the role of monoclonal antibodies in targeted therapies, moving beyond the traditional antigen‑antibody basics. Furthermore, cardiovascular disease is studied through epidemiological data, requiring students to evaluate risk factors using evidence.
规格还强调了单克隆抗体在靶向治疗中的作用，超越了传统的抗原‑抗体基础。此外，心血管疾病的学习通过流行病学数据进行，要求学生用证据评价风险因素。
Photosynthesis and respiration are now taught with greater quantitative rigour, including calculations of Rf values after chromatography and energy yields under aerobic versus anaerobic conditions. These changes mean that rote diagrams are insufficient; interpretation is key.
现在更严格地定量教学光合作用与呼吸作用，包括色谱后的 Rf 值计算以及有氧与无氧条件下的能量产量。这些变化意味着机械记忆图表是不够的，解释才是关键。
7. Content Updates in Chemistry Topics | 化学主题内容更新
Chemistry in the reformed AS Science emphasises sustainability and green chemistry. New sections on materials science introduce polymer structures, biodegradable plastics and chemical recycling, which are likely to appear in 2026 context questions.
改革后的 AS 科学中的化学强调可持续性与绿色化学。关于材料科学的新章节介绍了聚合物结构、可生物降解塑料和化学回收，这些很可能出现在 2026 年的情境题中。
The mole concept remains central, but now extends to calculations involving atom economy and E‑factors. Candidates must be able to write ionic equations for unfamiliar redox reactions, such as those in lithium‑ion cells, using standard electrode potentials.
摩尔概念仍然核心，但现在扩展到涉及原子经济性和 E‑因子的计算。考生必须能够为不熟悉的氧化还原反应书写离子方程式，例如锂离子电池中的反应，并使用标准电极电势。
The equilibrium topic has been broadened to include Kₑ and its relationship with temperature for exothermic and endothermic reactions. In organic chemistry, mechanisms such as electrophilic addition are linked to real‑world synthesis of pharmaceuticals, making curved‑arrow diagrams practice essential.
平衡主题已扩展到包括 Kₑ 及其与放热和吸热反应温度的关系。在有机化学中，亲电加成等机理与真实的药物合成联系起来，因此弯箭头图示的练习必不可少。
8. Content Updates in Physics Topics | 物理学主题内容更新
Physics topics now stress energy resources, electricity generation and modern materials. Students studying for 2026 should expect questions on solar cell efficiency and the comparison of wind versus nuclear power using quantitative data on capacity factors.
现在的物理主题强调能源资源、发电和现代材料。为 2026 年备考的学生应当预料到关于太阳能电池效率以及利用容量因子的定量数据比较风力与核能的题目。
Waves and optics have been updated with a stronger focus on digital communication, including fibre optics and total internal reflection calculations. The photoelectric effect is taught alongside the de Broglie wavelength, reinforcing the quantum picture of light and matter.
波动与光学已更新，更加关注数字通信，包括光纤和全内反射计算。光电效应与德布罗意波长一起教学，强化了光与物质的量子图像。
Mechanics now includes vector resolution in two dimensions and the analysis of projectile motion without air resistance. Circuit problems frequently require the use of Kirchhoff’s laws and understanding of internal resistance, often embedded in sensor‑based contexts.
力学现在包括二维矢量的分解与无空气阻力抛体运动的分析。电路问题经常需要使用基尔霍夫定律和理解内阻，往往嵌入基于传感器的情境中。
9. Grade Boundaries and Performance Trends | 等级边界与表现趋势
Because 2025 was the first year of the new specification, grade boundaries were set cautiously by the awarding committee. For 2026, boundaries are expected to be slightly higher as teachers become more familiar with the demand, though they will remain stable in the medium term.
由于 2025 年是新规格的第一年，等级边界由审卷委员会谨慎设定。对于 2026 年，随着教师对要求的更熟悉，边界预计会略微提高，但中期将保持稳定。
Historical data from legacy papers suggest that the ‘application and evaluation’ questions produce wider mark distributions. Candidates who consistently practise connecting knowledge across biology, chemistry and physics tend to score in the top two grade brackets.
旧版试卷的历史数据表明，“应用与评价” 题目的分数分布更广。持续练习将生物、化学和物理知识相联系的考生往往得分在前两个等级区间。
WJEC subject reports have highlighted that many marks are lost through incomplete graphing, failure to quote units, and vague comparisons. In 2026, examiners will continue to penalise these weaknesses, so precise scientific writing becomes a non‑negotiable skill.
WJEC 的科目报告强调，许多失分是由于绘图不完整、未注明单位以及模糊的比较而造成的。在 2026 年，考官将继续扣罚这些弱点，因此精准的科学写作成为不可或缺的技能。
10. Preparing with Past Papers and New Resources | 利用历年真题与新资源备考
Although the 2025 papers are the only true source of reformed‑format questions, legacy WJEC Science papers still provide valuable practice for core concepts. Blending old and new materials will help students familiarise themselves with the depth expected.
虽然 2025 年的试卷是唯一真正具备改革格式的题目来源，但旧版 WJEC 科学试卷仍然为核心概念提供宝贵练习。新旧材料结合将帮助学生熟悉预期的深度。
WJEC has released digital resources including online practical simulations and a bank of ‘knowledge organisers’ that condense key facts into one‑page summaries. Engaging with these tools actively, rather than simply reading them, substantially improves retention.
WJEC 已经发布了包括在线实验模拟和将关键事实浓缩为一页摘要的 “知识整理器” 在内的数字资源。主动使用这些工具，而不仅仅是阅读，可以显著提高记忆保持率。
Self‑quizzing using flashcards for definitions such as ‘electronegativity’, ‘standard enthalpy of combustion’ and ‘elastic limit’ is advised, as the new specification expects precise terminology. Timed paragraphs answering 6‑mark extended responses are also a high‑impact revision strategy.
建议使用闪卡自我测验如 “电负性”、“标准燃烧焓” 和 “弹性极限” 等定义，因为新规格要求术语精准。限时写作回答 6 分扩展题也是一种高效的复习策略。
11. Teacher and Examiner Insights for 2026 | 教师和考官对2026年的见解
Examiners consistently report that the strongest responses start with reading the question stem carefully and deconstructing command words such as ‘evaluate’, ‘justify’ and ‘suggest’. In 2026, candidates should practice underlining these words and planning their answer before writing.
考官一致报告，最强的回答始于仔细阅读题干并拆解诸如 “评价”、“论证” 和 “建议” 等指令词。在 2026 年，考生应练习在这些词语下划线并在答题前规划答案。
Many centres have integrated synoptic revision sessions that rotate through the three sciences. These sessions help learners see the common threads of energy, bonding and forces, making the final exams feel less fragmented.
许多教学中心已整合了轮流覆盖三个科学的综合复习环节。这些环节帮助学习者看到能量、键合和力的共同主线，使最终考试显得不那么支离破碎。
There is also a growing emphasis on oracy and explanation skills. Articulating a chain of reasoning aloud before writing can reduce the tendency to give vague statements. Group discussions around data interpretation tasks have proven effective in boosting AO3 marks.
此外，越来越强调口头表达和解释技能。动笔前大声阐述推理链可以减少给出模糊陈述的倾向。围绕数据解释任务的小组讨论已被证明能有效提高 AO3 分数。
12. Conclusion: Strategic Revision for Success | 结语：成功备考的策略
The 2026 WJEC AS Science exams will reward students who can blend knowledge with analysis and real‑world application. By understanding the renewed focus on data, practical understanding and synoptic thinking, candidates can direct their revision effectively.
2026 年 WJEC AS 科学考试将奖励那些能将知识与分析和现实应用相结合的学生。通过理解对数据、实验理解和综合思维的新关注，考生可以有效地引导自己的复习。
Regular exposure to unfamiliar contexts, rigorous attention to units and uncertainties, and deliberate practice of extended writing will all help raise performance. The trends point towards a more integrated and applied science curriculum, and those who embrace this philosophy will be best prepared.
定期接触不熟悉的情境、严格关注单位和不确定度以及有意练习扩展写作都有助于提高表现。这些趋势指向一个更加综合和应用的科学课程，接受这一理念的人将做好最充分的准备。
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