A-Level Edexcel Psychology: Key Terminology Memory Guide | A-Level Edexcel 心理学：核心术语速记指南

📚 A-Level Edexcel Psychology: Key Terminology Memory Guide | A-Level Edexcel 心理学：核心术语速记指南

Mastering the precise vocabulary of A-Level Edexcel Psychology is half the battle in achieving a top grade. This guide presents core terms across all major topics, paired with memory aids, mnemonics, and contextual tips to help you recall them quickly under exam pressure. Each section introduces a cluster of related concepts and demonstrates how to anchor them in your long-term memory through association, imagery and active recall.

掌握A-Level Edexcel心理学的精准词汇是在考试中取得高分的关键。本指南梳理了所有主要专题中的核心术语，并配有记忆辅助、助记符和语境提示，帮助你在考试压力下快速回忆。每个小节介绍一组相关概念，并展示如何通过联想、图像和主动回忆将它们固定在长期记忆中。

1. Biological Key Terms and Rapid Recall | 生物心理学关键术语快速记忆

The biological approach requires you to label neurons, explain synaptic transmission, and evaluate brain scanning techniques. Start with the neuron: dendrites receive signals, the axon carries the impulse, and the myelin sheath speeds transmission. Think of ‘DAM’ – Dendrite = Door (where signal enters), Axon = Autobahn (fast highway), Myelin = Motorway insulation. Sensory, relay and motor neurons form the SMR circuit: Sensory brings information in, Motor sends commands out, Relay connects within the CNS.

生物学取向要求你标注神经元、解释突触传递并评价脑成像技术。从神经元开始：树突接收信号，轴突传导冲动，髓鞘加速传导。联想”DAM”——树突（Dendrite）如同大门（Door）让信号进入，轴突（Axon）像高速公路，髓鞘（Myelin）就像高速公路的绝缘层。感觉神经元、中间神经元和运动神经元形成SMR回路：感觉神经元将信息传入，运动神经元传出指令，中间神经元在中枢内连接。

Neurotransmitters can be excitatory or inhibitory. Remember: ‘Excite with GLUE’ – glutamate (Glu) is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter; ‘GABA is the brake’ – GABA inhibits firing. Serotonin regulates mood, associate ‘Serotonin = Smile’ because low serotonin is linked to depression. Dopamine fuels reward and motivation: think ‘Dopamine = Dope for reward’.

神经递质可以是兴奋性或抑制性的。记住：”兴奋用GLUE”——谷氨酸（Glutamate, Glu）是主要兴奋性递质；”GABA就是刹车”——GABA抑制神经元放电。血清素调节情绪，联想”血清素=微笑”，因为低血清素与抑郁相关。多巴胺驱动奖赏和动机，联想”多巴胺 = 奖赏的快感”。

Brain imaging: fMRI measures blood flow (oxygen) and produces detailed spatial images, ‘fMRI = functional Map of Regional activity’. EEG records electrical activity via electrodes on the scalp, ‘EEG = Electrical wave Graph’. Post-mortem examinations allow direct brain tissue analysis. Remember: ‘fMRI shows WHERE, EEG shows WHEN, post-mortem shows WHAT structure’.

脑成像：功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）测量血流（氧合），产生详细的空间图像，”fMRI = 功能性区域活动地图”。脑电图（EEG）通过头皮电极记录电活动，”EEG = 电波图”。尸检允许直接分析脑组织。记住：”fMRI 显示哪里，EEG 显示何时，尸检显示什么结构”。

Localisation of function: Broca’s area (left frontal lobe) – speech production; Wernicke’s area (left temporal lobe) – language comprehension. Mnemonics: ‘Broca’s Broken speech’ (expressive aphasia), ‘Wernicke’s Word salad’ (fluent but meaningless speech).

功能局部化：布洛卡区（左额叶）——言语生成；韦尼克区（左颞叶）——语言理解。助记：”布洛卡破音”（表达性失语症），”韦尼克词沙拉”（流畅但无意义言语）。

2. Cognitive Key Terms: Memory and Perception | 认知术语：记忆与感知

The Multi-Store Model (Atkinson & Shiffrin) describes three stores: sensory register, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). Use ‘S-L-M’ to remember the flow: Sensory input → Limited duration STM → Meaningful encoding to LTM. Key features: STM capacity 7 ± 2 items, duration around 18-30 seconds; LTM potentially unlimited. Think ‘7±2 like a phone number, 18 seconds like a brief phone call’.

多存储模型（Atkinson & Shiffrin）描述了三个存储：感觉登记、短时记忆（STM）和长时记忆（LTM）。用”S-L-M”记住流程：感觉输入→

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