A-Level WJEC French: Formula & Rules Quick Reference Handbook | A-Level WJEC 法语：公式定理速查手册

📚 A-Level WJEC French: Formula & Rules Quick Reference Handbook | A-Level WJEC 法语：公式定理速查手册

Welcome to your rapid revision companion for A-Level WJEC French. Instead of memorising endless lists, this handbook reframes essential grammar as clear formulas and rules—just like a maths cheat sheet. Use it to check structures quickly, reinforce patterns, and build exam-ready accuracy.

欢迎使用 A-Level WJEC 法语的快速复习伴侣。本手册将核心语法重构为清晰的公式与定理，如同数学备忘单，帮你快速核查结构、巩固模式，提升考试精准度。

1. Regular -ER Verb Conjugation Formula | 第一组 -ER 规则动词变位公式

Most verbs belong to the -ER group (e.g. parler, aimer, regarder). The conjugation formula removes the -ER ending to get the stem, then adds the standard set of endings. Using ‘parler’ as a model:

大多数动词属于 -ER 组（如 parler, aimer, regarder）。变位公式是：去掉 -ER 得到词根，然后加上标准词尾。以 parler 为例：

STEM = INFINITIVE minus -ER → ENDINGS: -e, -es, -e, -ons, -ez, -ent

词根 = 不定式去掉 -ER → 词尾: -e, -es, -e, -ons, -ez, -ent

Full present tense paradigm: je parle, tu parles, il/elle/on parle, nous parlons, vous parlez, ils/elles parlent. Note the ‘boot’ shape: all singular forms and the third-person plural share the identical stem; only nous and vous endings differ but the stem is constant for regular -ER verbs.

完整现在时变位：je parle, tu parles, il/elle/on parle, nous parlons, vous parlez, ils/elles parlent。注意“靴形”变化：所有单数形式和第三人称复数共享相同词根；仅 nous 和 vous 词尾不同，但规则 -ER 动词的词根保持不变。

For spelling-change -ER verbs (e.g. acheter → j’achète, nous achetons; préférer → je préfère,

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