KS3 AQA Physics: Core Knowledge Checklist | KS3 AQA 物理：核心知识点梳理

📚 KS3 AQA Physics: Core Knowledge Checklist | KS3 AQA 物理：核心知识点梳理

This article provides a structured overview of the essential topics in the KS3 AQA Physics curriculum. Use it as a checklist to track your revision and ensure you have a solid understanding of forces, energy, electricity, waves, matter and space.

本文系统梳理了 KS3 AQA 物理课程的核心知识点。你可以将其作为复习清单，检查自己是否牢固掌握了力、能量、电学、波、物质和空间等关键概念。

1. Forces and Interactions | 力与相互作用

A force is a push or a pull that can change an object’s speed, direction or shape. Forces are measured in newtons (N) using a newton meter. Forces can be contact (e.g. friction, air resistance) or non-contact (e.g. gravity, magnetism). Forces always come in pairs – if object A exerts a force on object B, B exerts an equal and opposite force on A.

力是一种推或拉的作用，可以改变物体的速度、方向或形状。力的单位是牛顿（N），用弹簧测力计测量。力可分为接触力（如摩擦力、空气阻力）和非接触力（如重力、磁力）。力总是成对出现——如果物体 A 对物体 B 施加一个力，那么 B 同时对 A 施加一个大小相等、方向相反的力。

Free-body diagrams use arrows to show the direction and size of forces acting on an object. When forces are balanced, the object remains at rest or moves at constant speed. When forces are unbalanced, the object accelerates or decelerates.

受力分析图用箭头表示作用在物体上的力的方向与大小。当力平衡时，物体保持静止或匀速直线运动；当力不平衡时，物体会加速或减速。

2. Gravity and Weight | 重力与重量

Gravity is a non-contact force that pulls objects towards each other. Weight is the force of gravity acting on an object’s mass.

weight (N) = mass (kg) × gravitational field strength (N/kg) or W = m × g

重力是一种非接触力，将物体相互拉近。重量是作用在物体质量上的重力。重力场强度（g）在地球表面约为 10 N/kg。质量是物质多少的量度，不会改变；而重量随重力场强度变化。

3. Speed and Motion | 速度与运动

Speed tells you how fast an object is moving. The formula linking speed, distance and time is:

speed = distance ÷ time or v = s ÷ t

速度描述运动的快慢。速度公式为 速度 = 距离 ÷ 时间。借助公式也可计算距离（距离 = 速度 × 时间）。速度常用单位是米每秒（m/s）或千米每小时（km/h）。

A distance–time graph shows motion; a straight sloping line means constant speed, a horizontal line means stationary. The steeper the line, the faster the speed. Relative motion is how the movement of one object appears from another moving object.

距离–时间图像可以反映运动状态；一条倾斜直线表示匀速运动，水平线表示静止。直线越陡，速度越快。相对运动是指从另一个运动物体上观察某一物体的运动状态。

4. Energy Transfers and Stores | 能量转移与储存

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or stored. Energy stores include kinetic, gravitational potential, elastic potential, thermal (internal), chemical, nuclear, electrostatic and magnetic. Energy is transferred by four pathways: mechanically (by a force doing work), electrically (by an electric current), by heating (due to temperature difference) and by radiation (e.g. light, sound).

能量既不会创生也不会消灭，只能转移或储存。能量储存形式包括动能、重力势能、弹性势能、内能（热能）、化学能、核能、静电势能和磁能。能量可以通过四种途径转移：机械做功（力做功）、电做功（电流）、热传递（温差）以及辐射（如光、声）。

When a ball is thrown upwards, kinetic energy is transferred to gravitational potential energy, and some is dissipated as thermal energy due to air resistance. Sankey diagrams can show energy transfers and how much is useful or wasted.

向上抛球时，动能转化为重力势能，同时由于空气阻力，部分能量以热能形式耗散。能流图（Sankey 图）可以直观显示能量的转移，以及有用能量与损耗能量。

5. Energy Resources | 能源

Energy resources are used to generate electricity or provide heating. Renewable resources include solar, wind, wave, tidal, hydroelectric, geothermal and biomass. Non-renewable resources include fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) and nuclear fuel. Renewables are sustainable but may be unreliable; fossil fuels are reliable but produce carbon dioxide and contribute to climate change.

能源用于发电或供热。可再生能源包括太阳能、风能、波浪能、潮汐能、水力、地热能和生物质能。不可再生能源包括化石燃料（煤、石油、天然气）及核燃料。可再生能源可持续但有时不稳定；化石燃料可靠但会产生二氧化碳，导致气候变化。

6. Current Electricity | 电流电路

An electric current is a flow of charge (electrons) around a closed circuit. Current (I) is measured in amperes (A) using an ammeter connected in series. Potential difference (voltage, V) is measured in volts (V) with a voltmeter connected in parallel. It

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