📚 PDF资源导航

KS3 CAIE Further Mathematics: Formula and Theorem Quick Reference Guide | KS3 CAIE 进阶数学:公式定理速查手册

📚 KS3 CAIE Further Mathematics: Formula and Theorem Quick Reference Guide | KS3 CAIE 进阶数学:公式定理速查手册

This quick reference guide brings together the essential formulas and theorems you need to master for the KS3 CAIE Further Mathematics course. Use it for revision, homework, and rapid checks before exams.

这本速查手册汇集了 KS3 CAIE 进阶数学课程需要掌握的核心公式与定理,适合复习、完成作业和考前快速查阅。

1. Algebraic Laws and Properties | 代数运算律与性质

Algebraic operations follow fundamental laws that allow expressions to be manipulated consistently.

代数运算遵循基本法则,这些法则保证了表达式变换的一致性。

The Commutative Law states that order does not matter for addition and multiplication.

交换律 指出加法和乘法与顺序无关。

a + b = b + a

加法交换律:两数相加,交换加数位置,和不变。

ab = ba

乘法交换律:两数相乘,交换因数位置,积不变。

The Associative Law shows that grouping does not affect the result.

结合律 说明运算的分组方式不影响结果。

(a + b) + c = a + (b + c)

加法结合律:三个数相加,先把前两个相加或先把后两个相加,和不变。

(ab)c = a(bc)

乘法结合律:三个数相乘,先把前两个相乘或先把后两个相乘,积不变。

The Distributive Law connects addition and multiplication.

分配律 将加法与乘法联系起来。

a(b + c) = ab + ac

分配律:一个数与括号内两个数的和相乘,等于这个数分别与这两个数相乘再相加。


2. Laws of Indices | 指数法则

Indices (powers) follow a set of rules that simplify expressions involving repeated multiplication.

指数(幂)遵循一组规则,用以简化含重复乘法的表达式。

Product of powers with the same base.

同底数幂的乘法。

am × an = am+n

同底数幂相乘,底数不变,指数相加。

Quotient of powers with the same base.

同底数幂的除法。

am ÷ an = am−n

同底数幂相除,底数不变,指数相减。

Power of a power.

幂的乘方。

(am)n = amn

幂的乘方,底数不变,指数相乘。

Power of a product and power of a quotient.

积的乘方 与 商的乘方。

(ab)n = anbn

(a / b)n = an / bn

积的乘方等于各因式分别乘方再相乘;商的乘方等于分子分母分别乘方再相除。

Zero and negative indices.

零指数与负指数。

a0 = 1 (a ≠ 0)

a−n = 1 / an

任何非零数的零次幂等于1;任何非零数的负指数幂等于其正指数幂的倒数。

Fractional indices represent roots.

分数指数 表示根式。

a1/n = n√a

am/n = (n√a)m = n√(am)

分母为根指数,分子为幂指数。


3. Expanding and Factorising | 展开与因式分解

Expanding removes brackets; factorising is the reverse process that rewrites an expression as a product of its factors.

展开是去掉括号的过程;因式分解则是逆过程,将表达式写成几个因式的乘积。

Difference of two squares.

平方差公式。

(a + b)(a − b) = a² − b²

两数和与差的积等于这两个数的平方差。

Perfect squares.

完全平方公式。

(a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b²

(a − b)² = a² − 2ab + b²

两数和(或差)的平方等于它们的平方和加上(或减去)它们积的2倍。

Common factor extraction.

提取公因式。

ab + ac = a(b + c)

当各项含有相同因式时,将其提至括号外。

Quadratic trinomials of the form x² + bx + c are factorised by finding two numbers that multiply to c and add to b.

二次三项式 x² + bx + c 可通过寻找乘积为 c、和为 b 的两数进行因式分解。

x² + bx + c = (x + p)(x + q) where p+q = b, pq = c

分解为 (x + p)(x + q),其中 p 和 q 满足和为 b,积为 c。


4. Solving Equations | 解方程

Solving an equation means finding the value(s) of the unknown that make the equality true.

解方程就是求出使等式成立的未知数的值。

Linear equations are solved by isolating the variable using inverse operations.

线性方程 通过逆运算分离变量来求解。

ax + b = c → x = (c − b) / a

先移项,再将系数化为1。

Quadratic equations of the form ax² + bx + c = 0 can be solved by factorising, completing the square, or using the quadratic formula.

二次方程 ax² + bx + c = 0 可通过因式分解、配方法或求根公式求解。

x = [ −b ± √(b² − 4ac) ] / (2a)

求根公式:x = [ −b ± √(b² − 4ac) ] / (2a)。

The discriminant Δ = b² − 4ac determines the nature of the roots.

判别式 Δ = b² − 4ac 决定根的性质:Δ > 0 有两个不等的实根;Δ = 0 有两个相等的实根;Δ < 0 无实根。


5. Coordinate Geometry | 坐标几何

Coordinate geometry uses algebra to describe geometric properties of points, lines, and shapes.

坐标几何利用代数来描述点、线和图形的几何性质。

Distance between two points (x₁, y₁) and (x₂, y₂).

两点间的距离。

d = √[(x₂ − x₁)² + (y₂ − y₁)²]

距离公式由勾股定理导出。

Midpoint of the line segment.

线段的中点。

M = ( (x₁ + x₂)/2 , (y₁ + y₂)/2 )

中点坐标为两点横纵坐标的平均值。

Gradient (slope) of a straight line.

直线的斜率。

m = (y₂ − y₁) / (x₂ − x₁)

斜率表示直线倾斜程度,等于纵坐标差与横坐标差之比。

Equation of a straight line.

直线方程。

y = mx + c 或 y − y₁ = m(x − x₁)

斜截式 y = mx + c,其中 m 为斜率,c 为 y 轴截距;点斜式 y − y₁ = m(x − x₁) 用于已知一点和斜率求直线方程。


6. Sequences and Series | 数列与级数

A sequence is an ordered list of numbers; a series is the sum of the terms of a sequence.

数列是按一定顺序排列的一列数;级数是数列各项的和。

Arithmetic sequence: nth term and sum of first n terms.

等差数列: 第 n 项与前 n 项和。

Tn = a + (n − 1)d

Sn = n/2 [2a + (n − 1)d] = n/2 (a + l)

a 为首项,d 为公差,l 为末项。

Geometric sequence: nth term and sum of first n terms (for r ≠ 1).

等比数列: 第 n 项与前 n 项和(公比 r ≠ 1)。

Tn = a rn−1

Sn = a(1 − rn) / (1 − r) = a(rn − 1) / (r − 1)

a 为首项,r 为公比。


7. Geometry Theorems | 几何定理

These angle and shape properties are used to solve geometric problems without coordinates.

以下角度与图形性质常用于解决无坐标的几何问题。

Vertically opposite angles are equal.

对顶角相等。

∠AOD = ∠BOC

两直线相交形成的对顶角相等。

Angles on parallel lines: corresponding angles are equal, alternate angles are equal, co-interior (allied) angles sum to 180°.

平行线中的角: 同位角相等、内错角相等、同旁内角互补(和为180°)。

Sum of interior angles of a polygon with n sides.

多边形内角和(n 边形)。

S = (n − 2) × 180°

n 边形内角和等于 (n−2) × 180°。

Exterior angles of any polygon sum to 360°.

任意多边形的外角和 均为 360°。

Triangle properties: the sum of interior angles is 180°, the exterior angle equals the sum of the two opposite interior angles.

三角形性质: 内角和为 180°,一个外角等于两个不相邻的内角之和。

Isosceles triangle has two equal sides and base angles are equal.

等腰三角形 两腰相等,底角相等。


8. Pythagoras and Trigonometry | 勾股定理与三角学

Right-angled triangles have special relationships between side lengths and angles.

直角三角形中,边长与角度之间存在着特殊关系。

Pythagoras’ theorem relates the three sides of a right-angled triangle.

勾股定理 描述直角三角形三边的关系。

a² + b² = c²

两条直角边的平方和等于斜边的平方。

Trigonometric ratios for an acute angle θ in a right triangle.

锐角三角比。

sin θ = opposite / hypotenuse

cos θ = adjacent / hypotenuse

tan θ = opposite / adjacent

正弦是∠的对边比斜边,余弦是邻

Published by TutorHao | KS3 进阶数学 Revision Series | aleveler.com

更多咨询请联系16621398022(同微信)

Comments

屏轩国际教育cambridge primary/secondary checkpoint, cat4, ukiset,ukcat,igcse,alevel,PAT,STEP,MAT, ibdp,ap,ssat,sat,sat2课程辅导,国外大学本科硕士研究生博士课程论文辅导

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.

Discover more from aleveler.com

Subscribe now to keep reading and get access to the full archive.

Continue reading