KS3 CCEA PE: Vocabulary Terms Quick-Reference Guide | KS3 CCEA 体育：词汇术语速记指南

📚 KS3 CCEA PE: Vocabulary Terms Quick-Reference Guide | KS3 CCEA 体育：词汇术语速记指南

Welcome to your essential vocabulary companion for Key Stage 3 Physical Education under the CCEA curriculum. Mastering the language of sport is not just about passing exams – it helps you analyse performance, communicate better in teams, and understand your own body. This guide breaks down the most important PE terms into clear, manageable sections, with every English definition immediately followed by its Chinese equivalent, making revision simpler and more effective.

欢迎使用这本KS3阶段CCEA体育课程必备词汇手册。掌握体育语言不仅是为了通过考试——它还能帮助你分析运动表现、更好地进行团队沟通，并了解自己的身体。本指南将最重要的体育术语分解成清晰、易于管理的章节，每个英文定义后立即附上中文对应词，让复习变得更简单、更高效。

1. Types of Sport & Activity | 运动项目的分类

In PE we classify sports into groups such as invasion games (e.g. football, netball), net/wall games (e.g. tennis, volleyball), striking/fielding games (e.g. cricket, rounders), and aesthetic activities (e.g. gymnastics, dance). Each category demands different skill sets, rules, and tactical approaches. Recognising these categories helps you adapt your learning strategies.

在体育课上，我们将运动分为几类，如侵入性游戏（如足球、无板篮球）、网/墙游戏（如网球、排球）、击打/守备游戏（如板球、圆场棒球）以及审美性活动（如体操、舞蹈）。每一类都需要不同的技能组合、规则和战术方法。识别这些类别有助于你调整学习策略。

Key terms: Invasion game – a sport where teams score by moving an object into the opposing team’s territory. Net game – a sport played over a net separating opponents. Striking/fielding game – a sport involving hitting an object and fielders attempting to catch or retrieve it. Aesthetic activity – performance judged on artistic impression and execution.

关键术语：侵入性游戏——球队通过将某个物体移动到对方领地来得分的运动。网类游戏——在隔网相对的两方之间进行的运动。击打/守备游戏——涉及击打物体，守场员试图接住或回传的运动。审美性活动——根据艺术印象和完成度进行评判的表演。

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2. Fundamental Movement Vocabulary | 基本动作词汇

Every sport relies on basic movement patterns: locomotion (travelling), manipulation (sending, receiving, controlling an object), and stability (balancing, twisting). In KS3 PE, you must be able to describe actions like throwing, catching, kicking, dribbling, jumping, landing, rolling, and pivoting. Accurate vocabulary allows you to give and receive coaching feedback.

每一项运动都依赖基本的动作模式：位移（移动）、操控（传出、接收、控制物体）和稳定性（平衡、扭转）。在KS3体育中，你必须能够描述投掷、接球、踢、运球、跳跃、落地、翻滚和旋转等动作。准确的词汇能让你提出和接受教练反馈。

• Locomotion – moving the body from one place to another (run, skip, gallop). 位移——将身体从一处移动到另一处（跑、跳步、侧滑步）。
• Manipulation – controlling an object with hands or feet (dribble, strike, volley). 操控——用手或脚控制物体（运球、击打、凌空球）。
• Stability – maintaining body control (static balance, dynamic balance). 稳定性——保持身体控制（静态平衡、动态平衡）。

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3. Body Parts and Movement Analysis | 身体部位与运动分析

Understanding anatomical terms improves your ability to describe exercises and prevent injury. The body is divided into planes: sagittal (forward/backward movements), frontal (side-to-side), and transverse (rotational). Joint actions include flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction. At KS3, you mainly need to identify major bones and muscles: femur, tibia, humerus, biceps, quadriceps, abdominals.

理解解剖学术语能提高你描述运动和预防受伤的能力。身体可分为几个平面：矢状面（前后运动）、额状面（左右侧弯）和水平面（旋转）。关节动作包括屈、伸、外展、内收、旋转和环转。在KS3阶段，你主要需要识别主要骨骼和肌肉：股骨、胫骨、肱骨、肱二头肌、股四头肌、腹肌。

Memorise the connection: biceps contract → arm flexes; quadriceps contract → knee extends. Think about how these pairs (agonist/antagonist) work together in a bicep curl or a squat.

记住这种联系：肱二头肌收缩 → 手臂屈曲；股四头肌收缩 → 膝关节伸展。想一想这些肌群（主动肌/拮抗肌）如何在二头弯举或深蹲中协同工作。

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4. Match and Scoring Terminology | 比赛与得分术语

Each sport has its own scoring language. You need to know terms like try (rugby), goal (football/hockey), point (basketball), run (cricket/baseball), ace (tennis), and rally (badminton). In a competition, you will hear about possession (team with the ball), turnover (losing possession), and extra time. Learn to interpret a scoreboard or referee signal.

每一项运动都有自己独特的得分语言。你需要了解这些术语，如达阵（英式橄榄球）、进球（足球/曲棍球）、得分（篮球）、跑分（板球/棒球）、发球得分（网球）和多拍回合（羽毛球）。在比赛中，你会听到控球权（持球的一方）、失误转换（失去控球权）和加时赛。学会看懂记分牌或裁判手势。

English Term	中文术语	Sport Example
Try	达阵	Rugby
Smash	杀球	Badminton / Table tennis
Free throw	罚球	Basketball
Wicket	三柱门 / 出局	Cricket

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5. Training and Fitness Components | 训练与体能要素

Fitness can be health-related or skill-related. Health-related components include cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition. Skill-related components include agility, balance, coordination, power, reaction time, and speed. For effective revision, associate each term with a simple test: e.g., cardiovascular endurance → multi-stage fitness test (bleep test).

体能可分为健康相关和技能相关两大类。健康相关要素包括心血管耐力、肌肉力量、肌肉耐力、柔韧性和身体成分。技能相关要素包括敏捷性、平衡、协调性、爆发力、反应时和速度。为了高效复习，将每个术语与一个简单的测试联系起来：例如，心血管耐力 → 多阶段体能测试（蜂鸣测试）。

Training methods: Continuous training (long slow distance) improves aerobic fitness; Interval training combines work and rest periods; Circuit training uses stations to target different muscle groups; Fartlek training varies speed and terrain. Recognise how each method develops specific fitness components.

训练方法：持续训练（长距离慢速）提升有氧能力；间歇训练结合练习与休息时段；循环训练利用不同站点针对不同肌群；法特莱克训练变换速度和地形。要认识到每种方法如何发展特定的体能要素。

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6. Strategy and Tactics | 策略与战术

Tactics are the specific actions taken during play: a defensive zone defence in netball, an attacking overlap in football, or a drop shot in badminton. Strategy is the broader game plan. In KS3 PE, you should be able to discuss how to create space, how to maintain possession, and how to exploit an opponent’s weakness. Using the right words – man-to-man marking, counter-attack, pressing – shows deeper understanding.

战术是比赛过程中采取的具体行动：无板篮球中的防守区域联防，足球中的进攻叠瓦式跑动，或羽毛球中的吊球。策略则是更广泛的比赛计划。在KS3体育中，你应该能够讨论如何创造空间、如何保持控球权，以及如何利用对手的弱点。使用恰当的词汇——人盯人防守、快速反击、高位逼抢——能体现更深层次的理解。

Key strategic concepts: Width (spreading play across the field), depth (supporting players behind and in front), mobility (constant movement), penetration (breaking through defense). Learn to match the term with the visual scenario in a game.

关键策略概念：宽度（将进攻展开到场地两侧）、深度（前后队员的支援层次）、流动性（持续移动）、渗透（突破防线）。学会将这些术语与比赛中的视觉情境相匹配。

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7. Rules, Fouls, and Fair Play | 规则、犯规与公平竞争

Every sport has its code of conduct, and you need the vocabulary to describe infringements: offside (football, hockey), foot fault (badminton serve), double dribble (basketball), knock on (rugby). The term foul generally means an unfair act, while a violation often refers to a technical breach. Fair play goes beyond rules – it’s about respect, integrity, and sportsmanship.

每一项运动都有其行为准则，你需要用词汇来描述犯规行为：越位（足球、曲棍球）、发球脚违例（羽毛球发球）、两次运球（篮球）、前掉（英式橄榄球）。术语犯规通常指不公平的行为，而违例则常指技术性违规。公平竞争超越了规则本身——它关乎尊重、诚信和体育精神。

Referee signals often accompany these words; knowing them improves your game intelligence. Terms like penalty kick, free pass, sin bin, yellow card, red card are universal across many invasion games.

裁判的手势通常伴随这些词汇出现；了解它们能提升你的比赛智慧。像点球、自由传球、罚出场、黄牌、红牌这样的术语在许多侵入性游戏中通用。

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8. Equipment, Kit, and Venue | 装备、着装与场地

Getting the names right matters for safety and communication. Shin pads, gum shield, studs, racquet, wicket-keeper’s gloves – these are part of the sport-specific vocabulary. The playing area also has distinct names: pitch (football/rugby), court (tennis/netball), track (athletics), lane (swimming), crease (cricket).

准确的名称对安全和沟通很重要。护腿板、护齿、钉鞋、球拍、守门员手套——这些都是特定运动词汇的一部分。运动场地也有不同的名称：球场（足球/英式橄榄球）、网球场/篮球场（网球/无板篮球）、跑道（田径）、泳道（游泳）、击球线区（板球）。

Learn to match the correct preposition: play on a pitch, play in a court, run on a track. This small detail improves your written answers and oral explanations.

学会搭配正确的介词：在pitch上比赛，在court内比赛，在track上跑步。这个小细节能提高你的书面回答和口头解释水平。

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9. Health, Safety, and Injury Management | 健康、安全与损伤管理

PE involves risk, so you must master terms related to safety. Warm-up (pulse raiser, stretches, skill rehearsal) and cool-down (gradual decrease in intensity, static stretching) are non-negotiable routines. Common injuries include sprain (ligament), strain (muscle/tendon), fracture (broken bone), and concussion (head injury). The R.I.C.E. method – Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation – is vital first aid vocabulary.

体育课存在风险，所以你必须掌握与安全相关的术语。热身（提升心率、拉伸、技能演练）和整理活动（逐渐降低强度、静态拉伸）是不可或缺的日常程序。常见损伤包括扭伤（韧带）、拉伤（肌肉/肌腱）、骨折（骨头断裂）和脑震荡（头部受伤）。R.I.C.E.方法——休息、冰敷、加压、抬高——是至关重要的急救词汇。

Hydration (fluid intake), personal protective equipment (PPE), and risk assessment are also terms regularly used. Understanding them demonstrates a mature approach to PE.

补水（液体摄入）、个人防护装备和风险评估也是经常使用的术语。理解这些表明你对体育持有成熟的态度。

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10. Basic Sports Science | 体育科学基础

At KS3, you begin exploring how the body responds to exercise: heart rate (beats per minute), breathing rate, and oxygen debt. You learn about energy systems briefly: aerobic (with oxygen, for longer durations) and anaerobic (without oxygen, for short intense bursts). The concept of levers in the body (fulcrum = joint, effort = muscle, load = limb plus any resistance) links PE to biology.

在KS3阶段，你开始探索身体对运动的反应：心率（每分钟心跳次数）、呼吸频率和氧债。你还会简要学习能量系统：有氧（使用氧气，用于长时间运动）和无氧（不使用氧气，用于短暂剧烈活动）。身体的杠杆概念（支点=关节，动力=肌肉，阻力=肢体及任何负重）将体育与生物联系起来。

Use the FITT principle to design a training programme: Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type. Applying these words shows you can plan scientifically for improvement.

使用FITT原则来设计训练计划：频率、强度、时间、类型。运用这些词汇表明你能科学地规划，以实现进步。

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11. Leadership and Teamwork | 领导力与团队合作

PE develops more than physical skills. Terms like communication, cooperation, encouragement, and constructive feedback are central to effective teamwork. A leader may demonstrate initiative, decision-making, and the ability to motivate others. Whether you are umpiring a small-sided game or coaching a peer, the vocabulary of leadership is essential.

体育培养的不仅仅是身体技能。沟通、合作、鼓励和建设性反馈等术语，是高效团队合作的核心。领导者可能展现出主动性、决策能力以及激励他人的能力。无论你是在为小型比赛担任裁判，还是在指导同伴，有关领导力的词汇都是必不可少的。

Learn phrases like ‘Well tried, next time angle your body this way’. This is specific, positive feedback. It uses the vocabulary of movement analysis and encouragement together.

学习这样的语句，比如“非常好，尝试了，下次试试把身体调整到这个角度”。这就是具体、积极的反馈。它将动作分析的词汇和鼓励的词汇结合在了一起。

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12. Analysing and Improving Performance | 分析与改进表现

The ultimate goal of using PE vocabulary is to analyse and improve. You need to be able to observe a performance, identify strengths and areas for development, and suggest adaptations. Words like technique, timing, accuracy, consistency, and fluency help you describe the quality of a movement. For example: ‘Your throwing technique is accurate but lacks power because you aren’t rotating your hips fully.’ This combines several terms into one useful sentence.

使用体育词汇的最终目标是为了分析与改进。你需要能够观察一次表现，发现优势和待改进之处，并提出调整建议。像技术、时机、准确性、稳定性和流畅性这样的词，能帮助你描述一个动作的质量。例如：“你的投掷技术很准确，但缺乏力量，因为你没有充分转动髋部。”这样一句话就结合了几个术语。

Use the What, So what, Now what? reflective model. What did I see? (Use movement vocabulary.) So what does that mean? (Use fitness/tactics vocabulary.) Now what should I do to improve? (Use training/feedback vocabulary.) This approach ties all your terminology together.

使用“观察到什么、意味着什么、下一步怎么做”的反思模式。观察到什么？（使用动作词汇。）意味着什么？（使用体能/战术词汇。）下一步怎么做来改进？（使用训练/反馈词汇。）这种方法将你所有的术语串联起来。

Published by TutorHao | KS3 CCEA Physical Education Revision Series | aleveler.com

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